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A short quiz on the nature of STM and LTM including the processes of encoding, storage and retrieval, and some well-known research studies.

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The Nature of Memory

Question 1 of 12

1

What did Miller (1956) find out about human memory?

Select one or more of the following:

  • That it is very limited in capacity

  • That it can only store 7 plus or minus 2 items or 'chunks'

Explanation

Question 2 of 12

1

Which research study showed that the duration of STM is limited to under 30 seconds, if items are not rehearsed?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Walker et al. (2003)

  • Peterson & Peterson (1959)

  • Baddeley (1966)

Explanation

Question 3 of 12

1

Which of the following is a type of long-term memory (LTM)?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Episodic - memory for events

  • Semantic - memory for facts

  • Acoustic - memory for sounds or words

  • Procedural - memory for skills

Explanation

Question 4 of 12

1

What were the conclusions of Walker et al.'s (2003) study?

Select one or more of the following:

  • There are 3 processes of memory - encoding, storage and retrieval

  • Unbroken sleep is important for memories to be consolidated

  • When retrieved, procedural memories can be changed/edited

Explanation

Question 5 of 12

1

Which of the following is a definition of the memory process 'storage'

Select one or more of the following:

  • Retaining information for period of time, until it is needed

  • Putting information into a memory store in the correct 'code'

  • Getting required information from a store when needed

Explanation

Question 6 of 12

1

Which type of memory retrieval is generally easier to do - recognition or free recall?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Recognition

  • Free recall

Explanation

Question 7 of 12

1

If you see a picture of a celebrity and try to remember his/her name, what type of retrieval is this?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Recognition

  • Free recall

Explanation

Question 8 of 12

1

In Baddeley's (1966) study of encoding, what type of items did participants make a lot of errors with in STM?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Acoustically similar e.g. 'can, cab...'

  • Semantically similar e.g. 'large, huge...'

Explanation

Question 9 of 12

1

Why did Baddeley (1966) find a difference between semantic/acoustic encoding in STM and LTM?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Because both stores use the same type of encoding but use them for different lengths of time

  • Because STM mainly uses acoustic encoding and LTM uses semantic encoding

  • Because STM cannot hold more than 7 items

  • Because people generate a visual image in the task, and it's hard to visualise semantically similar items

Explanation

Question 10 of 12

1

Which of the following evaluation points apply to many early studies of memory e.g. Peterson & Peterson (1959, Baddeley (1966)

Select one or more of the following:

  • They lack ecological validity because they used artificial tasks

  • They were field experiments, and so there were many distractions such as background noise

  • They focused on verbal information and can't tell us much about visual memory

  • They were highly unethical

  • They were conducted before researchers understood that there are different stores within both STM and LTM

Explanation

Question 11 of 12

1

Which of the following is an example of episodic LTM?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Remembering the name of the capital of Germany

  • Remembering where you went for your last summer holiday

  • Remembering how to drive

Explanation

Question 12 of 12

1

Scenario: You are asked for the name of a theory in Psychology, and although you are sure that you know it, you can't remember what it is called. You think that it is a short word, and if you heard the first letter you would probably remember it.
What is this problem with retrieval called?

Select one or more of the following:

  • The tip of the tongue phenomenon

  • Implicit memory

  • Cue-dependent forgetting

  • Classical conditioning

Explanation

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