Pat McMahon
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2nd Year Pharmacy Practice Exams Quiz on Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4), created by Pat McMahon on 19/03/2019.

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Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4)

Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4)

Question 1 of 46

1

The EBM triad consists of which of the below?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Latest External Evidence

  • Individual Clinical Expertise

  • Family Values & Expectations

  • Patient Values & Expectations

  • Best External Evidence

Explanation

Question 2 of 46

1

In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the MOST bias?

Select one of the following:

  • Level 1

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

  • Level 3

Explanation

Question 3 of 46

1

In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the LEAST bias?

Select one of the following:

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

  • Level 1

  • Level 3

Explanation

Question 4 of 46

1

A systematic review of Level 2 studies would be classified as which Level of Evidence?

Select one of the following:

  • Level 3

  • Level 1

  • Level 2

Explanation

Question 5 of 46

1

An Inception Cohort, Prospective cohort study and a cross-sectional study among consecutive presenting patients is considered which level of evidence?

Select one of the following:

  • Level 1

  • Level 3

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

Explanation

Question 6 of 46

1

A cross sectional study among non-consectutive patients is considered which level of Evidence?

Select one of the following:

  • Level 4

  • Level 3

  • Level 2

  • Level 1

Explanation

Question 7 of 46

1

Which of the following relate to the acronym P.I.C.O?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Intervention

  • Comparator/Control

  • Patient and Clinical Problem

  • Outcome

  • Population and Clinical Problem

  • Complications

Explanation

Question 8 of 46

1

Clinical trials are experiments in Humans as well as animals.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 46

1

What is Bioavailability?

Select one of the following:

  • It is the fraction of dose which reaches the
    systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in the Body/Plasma Drug Concentration)

Explanation

Question 10 of 46

1

What is 1st Pass Metabolism?

Select one of the following:

  • It is the fraction of dose which reaches the
    systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in
    body at equilibrium.

Explanation

Question 11 of 46

1

What is Volume of Distribution?

Select one of the following:

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in Body/Plamsa Drug Concentration)

  • Refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.

Explanation

Question 12 of 46

1

Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the pancreas to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the pancreas.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 46

1

Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 46

1

In relation to Plasma Binding Protein. Which of the following best describe the concept?

Select one of the following:

  • Once all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug the protein can bind to a receptor causing the drug to be available for action.

  • Once all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug, any further drug in the plasma will be able to bind to a receptor.

  • Only once all the plasma protein binding sites are occupied by the drug can the drug be metabolised.

Explanation

Question 15 of 46

1

What effects the Half-Life of a drug? (First-Order Kinetics)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Metabolism

  • Hydration

  • Renal Excretion

  • Body mass

Explanation

Question 16 of 46

1

What patient condition would merit a reduction in a drug?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Age

  • Liver Function

  • Body Mass

  • Alternative drug which competes for transporters

  • Another drug with induces enzymes that metabolise the drug

Explanation

Question 17 of 46

1

To calculate the dose and dosing frequency correctly we use the half-life of the drug.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 46

1

What concept is associated with 'What the body does to the drug?'

Select one of the following:

  • Phamacokinetics

  • Pharmacodynamics

Explanation

Question 19 of 46

1

The concept of 'What the body does to the drug ' is usually called?

Select one of the following:

  • Pharmacodynamics

  • Pharmacokinetics

Explanation

Question 20 of 46

1

What is meant by 'Affinity'?

Select one of the following:

  • The ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors

  • It is the indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule

Explanation

Question 21 of 46

1

What is meant by 'Efficacy'?

Select one of the following:

  • The ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors

  • Indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule

Explanation

Question 22 of 46

1

A non-competitive and competitive antagonist results in a?

Select one of the following:

  • Increased Response

  • Decreased Response

  • No response

  • Normal Response

Explanation

Question 23 of 46

1

A non-selective drug is an example of?

Select one of the following:

  • Older Drugs, which typically effect more broadly

  • Designed drugs, which effect less and more specific sites

Explanation

Question 24 of 46

1

What is meant by EC50?

Select one of the following:

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the effect

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the maximal effect

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the minimal effect

Explanation

Question 25 of 46

1

What occurs if the drug concentration is above the Therapeutic window?

Select one of the following:

  • Increase risk of side effects

  • This is normal when attempting to deal with a acute pathology

  • Reduced effectiveness of the drug

Explanation

Question 26 of 46

1

What occurs if the drug concentration is below the Therapeutic window?

Select one of the following:

  • Reduced effectiveness of the drug

  • Increased risk of side effects

Explanation

Question 27 of 46

1

Which of the following Drugs would be the most Potent?

Select one of the following:

  • EC50 = 2

  • EC50 = 50

  • EC50 = 6

Explanation

Question 28 of 46

1

Which relate to evidence that a drug is stored in tissue?

Select one of the following:

  • An increase in the number of side effects produced by the drug

  • A decrease in the amount of free drug excreted in urine

  • An increase in plasma protein binding

  • A large Volume of Distribution (Vd)

Explanation

Question 29 of 46

1

The intensity of the pharmacologic action of a drug is most dependant on the?

Select one of the following:

  • Elimination half-life (t1/2) of the drug

  • Minimum toxic concentration (MTC) of the drug in plasma

  • Concentration of the drug at the receptor site

  • Onset time of the drug after oral administration

  • Minimum effective concentration (MEC) of the drug in the body

Explanation

Question 30 of 46

1

The initial distribution of a drug into tissue is determined chiefly by the...

Select one of the following:

  • Stomach emptying time

  • Rate of blood flow to the tissue

  • Plasma protein binding of the drug

  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

  • Affinity of the drug for the tissue

Explanation

Question 31 of 46

1

The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead.

Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the change in bioavailability of the drug?

Select one of the following:

  • Increase

  • Decrease

  • Same - There is no change in the dosage amount

Explanation

Question 32 of 46

1

The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead. However, you notice that they have liver disease.

Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the fact the patient has liver disease?

Select one of the following:

  • Increase

  • Decrease

  • Same - No change in the dose

Explanation

Question 33 of 46

1

Clearance determines

Select one of the following:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance dose required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval

Explanation

Question 34 of 46

1

Volume of distribution determines

Select one of the following:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance dose required to achieve the desired stead-state concentration

  • The dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval

Explanation

Question 35 of 46

1

Half-Life determines

Select one of the following:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • the dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & the dosage interval

Explanation

Question 36 of 46

1

Clearance is

Select one of the following:

  • Dependant on the value of volume of distribution

  • Dependant on the value of half-life

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organ and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH Dependant on the value of volume of distribution & Dependant on the value of half-life

Explanation

Question 37 of 46

1

The volume of distribution is

Select one of the following:

  • Dependant on the value of the clearance

  • Dependant on the value of half-life

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH Dependant on the value of the clearance & Dependant on the value of half-life

Explanation

Question 38 of 46

1

The half-life is

Select one of the following:

  • dependant on the value of volume of distribution

  • dependant on the value of clearance

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organs to extract the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH dependant on the value of volume of distribution & dependant on the value of clearance

Explanation

Question 39 of 46

1

Pharmacokinetic models are useful to

Select one of the following:

  • describe concentration-time data sets

  • predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration

  • calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)

  • BOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)

  • BOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life) AS WELL AS predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration

Explanation

Question 40 of 46

1

Factors to be considered when prescribing the best drug dose of a patient include

Select one of the following:

  • Age

  • Gender

  • Weight

  • other concurrent disease states and drug therapies

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 41 of 46

1

The Volume of distribution (Vd) of every drug equals the

Select one of the following:

  • Blood Volume

  • Extracellular water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug

  • The drug amount in the body divided by the drug plasma concentration

  • The amount of the drug in the body divided by the extracellular volume

  • Total body volume minus the volume of bone

  • Total body water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug

Explanation

Question 42 of 46

1

A 28 yr old man is being treated for AIDS with several oral drugs. He experiences significant weight loss due to AIDS-related wasting syndrome and diarrhoea. Which of the following pharmacokinetic parameters would be unchanged by the alterations in the patients body mass and composition?

Select one of the following:

  • Absorbtion

  • Bioavailability

  • First-Pass metabolism

  • Steady-state plasma concentration

  • Volume of Distribution

Explanation

Question 43 of 46

1

Which of the following factors will determine the number of drug-receptor complexes formed?

Select one of the following:

  • Efficacy of the drug

  • Receptor affinity for the drug

  • Therapeutic index of the drug

  • Half-Life of the drug

  • Rate of renal secretion

Explanation

Question 44 of 46

1

Which of the following best describes an antagonist?

Select one of the following:

  • Binds to a receptor and causes the activation of intracellular cascades

  • Binds to a receptor and mimics the effects of neurotransmitters

  • Binds to a receptor without activating intracellular cascades

  • Binds to receptors causing the opposite effects on second messenger production than an agonist

  • Binds to receptors usually in a site distinct from agonist

Explanation

Question 45 of 46

1

Which statement best describes a partial agonist?

Select one of the following:

  • A partial agonist irreversibly binds to receptors

  • The effects of a partial agonist cannot be overcome by increasing agonist concentration

  • A partial agonist binds to and does not effect the protein conformation of the receptor

  • A partial agonist has less maximal effect than a full agonist

  • A partial agonist will not antagonise the effects of a full agonist

Explanation

Question 46 of 46

1

Drug A and Drug B bind to the same receptor (Z). Drug A has a higher affinity for receptor Z than Drug B.

Which statement below is correct regarding these drugs?

Select one of the following:

  • A higher concentration of drug A is required to occupy half the receptors than concentration of drug B.

  • Under no condition can drug B produce the same maximal effect as drug A

  • Under no condition can drug A produce the same maximal effect as drug B

  • The equilibrium disassociation constant (Kd) is lower for drug A than drug B

  • Drug B is more potent than Drug A

Explanation

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