Elizabeth Mejia
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Elizabeth Mejia
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Philosophy - Chapter 3

Question 1 of 40

1

A priori knowledge is a knowledge that is justified independently of experience

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 40

1

"Tadpoles become frogs" is an example of a posteriori knowledge.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 40

1

Logically necessary truths are examples of a posteriori knowledge

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 40

1

Descartes doubted every one of his beliefs except those that were based on solid sense experience

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 40

1

Ideas that are inborn or that the mind already contains prior to experience are called innate ideas

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 40

1

The Statement "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the sense" expresses empiricism

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 40

1

Kant tried to form a compromise between rationalism and atheism

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 40

1

According to your text, objectivism is a dogmatic, authoritarian position in which the speaker claims that he or she has the absolute truth

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 40

1

According to your text, the term "epistemology" comes from two Greek Words that mean

Select one of the following:

  • opinion and belief

  • knowledge and rational discourse

  • questioning and answers

  • searching and wisdom

Explanation

Question 10 of 40

1

Philosophers, following Plato, have traditionally defined knowledge as

Select one of the following:

  • a belief that someone embraces with conviction

  • true justified belief

  • something which is true, whether anyone is aware of it or not

  • any opinion which is true, and leads to a successful life

Explanation

Question 11 of 40

1

The adjective "empirical" refers to

Select one of the following:

  • a claim for which no support is provided

  • anything that is based on experience

  • a logically necessary truth

  • a knowledge that is based on a definition

Explanation

Question 12 of 40

1

The claim "Either my team will win its next game or it won't" is an example of.....

Select one of the following:

  • a logically necessary truth and a priori knowledge

  • a logically necessary truth and a posteriori knowledge

  • factual information about the world and a posteriori knowledge

  • empirical knowledge

Explanation

Question 13 of 40

1

One of the three epistemological questions discussed in the text is

Select one of the following:

  • Is there such a thing as mental telepathy?

  • Does our knowledge represent reality as it really is?

  • What is the meaning of life?

  • Is scientific knowledge incompatible with religious faith?

Explanation

Question 14 of 40

1

The text referred to René Descartes's strategy for finding certainty as

Select one of the following:

  • the inference to the best explanation

  • the Socratic method

  • methodological skepticism

  • the scientific method

Explanation

Question 15 of 40

1

The primary reason that Descartes doubted so many things was

Select one of the following:

  • he has lost the will to go on living

  • to show how foolish the ideas of his teachers were

  • to find if there was any belief that was certain

  • he was trying to attack religious belief

Explanation

Question 16 of 40

1

In his initial examination of his beliefs, the one thing that Descartes could not doubt was that

Select one of the following:

  • he was doubting

  • he had a body

  • 2 + 3 = 5

  • he was awake and not dreaming

Explanation

Question 17 of 40

1

Descartes's first bedrock of certainty was

Select one of the following:

  • "God exists"

  • "I am not now dreaming"

  • "I am, I exist."

  • "I have a body"

Explanation

Question 18 of 40

1

Which of the following was one of the three anchor points of rationalism?

Select one of the following:

  • Scientific knowledge is the only kind of knowledge there is

  • The fundamental truths about the world can be known a priori

  • There is no God

  • The reasons we have for our beliefs are nothing more than human opinions

Explanation

Question 19 of 40

1

According to the rationalist, logical truths, mathematical truths, and metaphysical truths are all examples of which kind of knowledge?

Select one of the following:

  • empirical knowledge

  • a posteriori knowledge

  • a priori knowledge

  • truths that do not tell us anything about the world

Explanation

Question 20 of 40

1

Innate ideas are ideas that

Select one of the following:

  • are acquired through experience

  • based on an individual's cultural traditions

  • can never be known to be true

  • the mind already contains prior to experience

Explanation

Question 21 of 40

1

In your reading from Plato's dialogue Phaedo, Socrates discusses

Select one of the following:

  • the relationship between philosophy and the religious beliefs of his day

  • the method for forming a truly good society and appointing its leaders

  • how we can have knowledge of perfect justice, beauty, goodness and equality.

  • why it is impossible to harm a truly good person

Explanation

Question 22 of 40

1

Descartes's principle "there must be as much reality in the cause as there is in the effect" was used to prove the existence of

Select one of the following:

  • his soul

  • his body

  • God

  • the evil demon

Explanation

Question 23 of 40

1

Descartes's argument for God's existence is based on

Select one of the following:

  • the need for a reason to be moral

  • the fact that the universe requires a cause

  • the very idea of a perfect being

  • the order and design in the world

Explanation

Question 24 of 40

1

According to Descartes, the explanation of how he had the idea of God in his mind is that

Select one of the following:

  • he intuited it from the beauty and grandeur of the universe

  • God planted the idea within him

  • his conscience and inner moral feelings led him to the idea of God

  • all the above

Explanation

Question 25 of 40

1

Descartes finally concluded that he could trust his sense experience because

Select one of the following:

  • otherwise, life would not be worth living

  • apart from experience, he would be unable to do science

  • a good God would not deceive him

  • the knowledge gained through the senses is just too obvious to be doubted

Explanation

Question 26 of 40

1

The empiricist believes that

Select one of the following:

  • the only source of genuine knowledge is sense experience

  • apart from experience, the reason is an unreliable and inadequate route to knowledge

  • there is no evidence of innate ideas within the mind

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 27 of 40

1

Three of the empiricists discussed in the text were

Select one of the following:

  • John Locke, George Berkely, and David Hume

  • Plato, Rene Descartes, and John Locke

  • Plato, Gottfried Leibniz, and George Berkely

  • Gottfried Leibniz, John Locke, David Hume

Explanation

Question 28 of 40

1

According to your text, "idealism" means the belief

Select one of the following:

  • one should have an optimistic outlook on life

  • the task of philosophy is to search for the ideal conditions of knowledge

  • ultimate reality is mental or spiritual in nature

  • reality goes far beyond what we discover in sense experience

Explanation

Question 29 of 40

1

Berkeley believed that the word "matter" refers to

Select one of the following:

  • nothing at all

  • any object that is studied scientifically

  • the external cause of our perceptual experiences

  • something that is real, but only known indirectly

Explanation

Question 30 of 40

1

Berkeley believed that the word "apple" refers to

Select one of the following:

  • nothing more than a collection of experiences in our minds

  • a material object

  • a substance underlying what is experienced

  • nothing, since reality, does not exist

Explanation

Question 31 of 40

1

Hume was skeptical about which of the following beliefs

Select one of the following:

  • our belief that the future will always be like the past

  • our belief in an external world

  • our belief in the existence of our self

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 32 of 40

1

Since fire has burned us in the past, we believe that fire will burn us in the future. According to Hume, this reasoning is based on

Select one of the following:

  • impressions

  • the principle of induction

  • the laws of logic

  • methodological skepticism

Explanation

Question 33 of 40

1

Hume says our causal judgments are based on

Select one of the following:

  • the experience of a necessary connection between two events

  • the similarity between two events

  • the bedrock certainty of the sciences

  • the constant conjunction of two events in our past experience

Explanation

Question 34 of 40

1

Hume's test for evaluating the worth of a book was to ask: Does it contain either......

Select one of the following:

  • mathematical reasoning or experimental reasoning about matters of fact?

  • morally uplifting advice or conclusions based on the author's experience?

  • facts based on common opinion or the testimony of authorities

  • clear and distinct ideas or fruitful ideas that provoke the imagination

Explanation

Question 35 of 40

1

Which of the following claims did Immanuel Kant assert?

Select one of the following:

  • All our knowledge begins with experience

  • Experience alone cannot give us universal and necessary knowledge

  • The mind constructs the objects of knowledge

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 36 of 40

1

"Kant's revolution" refers to his proposal to

Select one of the following:

  • reverse the relationship between knowledge and its objects in epistemology

  • overthrow the king

  • replace Newtonian physics with his theory

  • overthrow the claims of empiricism and return to pure rationalism

Explanation

Question 37 of 40

1

The text referred to Kant's position as "constructivism" because

Select one of the following:

  • it was not negative and destructive like previous theories

  • he tried to construct a bridge between scientific knowledge and religious knowledge

  • he believed all knowledge was constructed out of the innate ideas in the mind

  • he claimed that the mind forms its objects out of the raw data of experience

Explanation

Question 38 of 40

1

In Kant's terminology, things-as-they-appear-to-us are called __________ and things-in themselves are called ________.

Select one of the following:

  • complex ideas / simple ideas

  • ideas/material objects

  • the phenomena/the noumena

  • secondary qualities/primary qualities

Explanation

Question 39 of 40

1

According to Kant, the mind makes knowledge possible by

Select one of the following:

  • creating reality out of itself

  • imposing its own form on the materials of experience

  • mirroring the structures of reality

  • discovering the innate truths within the mind

Explanation

Question 40 of 40

1

Kant's categories of the understanding are

Select one of the following:

  • habits of thought acquired through experience

  • his name for the laws of logic

  • laws of nature discovered by science

  • organizing principles the mind brings to the experience

Explanation

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