13- Suburbs, pop, postmodernism, deconstructivism 1970- present

Riverside is arguably the first planned community in the United States

unrealised project designed by the French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier in 1922

Radburn was explicitly designed to separate traffic by mode, with a pedestrian path system that does not cross any major roads at grade. Radburn introduced the largely residential "superblock" and is credited with incorporating some of the earliest culs-de-sac in the United States.

founded in 1928 as "a town for the motor age"

Architects can no longer afford to be intimidated by the puritanically moral language of orthodox Modern architecture. I like elements which are hybrid rather than "pure," compromising rather than "clear," distorted rather than "straightforward." ... I am for messy vitality over obvious unity. I include the non sequitur and proclaim duality.

"Less is a bore"

The "gentle manifesto" The book demonstrated, through countless examples, an approach to understanding architectural composition and complexity, and the resulting richness and interest.

A criticism of the functionalist and symbolically vacuous architecture of corporate modernism during the 1950s

second manifesto-even more stinging rebuke to orthodox modernism and elite architectural tastes.

The authors establish the basis for good building by examining houses. These examples demonstrate how individual houses can express the care, energies, and dreams of the people who live in them, and can contribute to a larger sense of place.

It became immediately controversial for its ornamental top , but enjoyed for its spectacular arched entranceway, measuring about seven stories in height. With these ornamental additions, the building challenged architectural modernism's demand for stark functionalism and purely efficient design. For this it is considered by many critics to be a prime exemplar of postmodern architecture.

"the crown jewel in Pittsburgh's skyline," "the towering success of downtown Pittsburgh,"

created a style that was monumental and monolithic; his heavy buildings do not hide their weight, their materials, or the way they are assembled.

monumental beyond modernism. Famous for his meticulously built works, his provocative unbuilt proposals, and his teaching, one of the most influential architects of the 20th century.

use of a variety of surface materials and colors, small windows, and inclusion of prominent decorative flourishes, was in stark contrast to the architectural style most commonly used for large office buildings at the time, and made the building an icon of postmodern architecture. It is the first major postmodern building,

american abstract artist and architect, whose geometric designs make prominent use of the color white.