Danielle Easton
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PHIL 10101 Professor Lent @ Ohio University. Reviews exams 1 & 2

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Danielle Easton
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Philosphy 1010 Final Review Part 1

Question 1 of 96

1

According to rationalism, experience is required for knowledge.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 96

1

Heraclitus is a rationalist.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 96

1

Empiricism is the view that God does not exist.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 96

1

He is regarded as the first philosopher.

Select one of the following:

  • Heraclitus

  • Pythagoras

  • Socrates

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 5 of 96

1

Which of the following philosophers are empiricists?

Select one of the following:

  • Heraclitus

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 6 of 96

1

He held that everything is being, that nothing changes.

Select one of the following:

  • Pythagoras

  • Parmenides

  • Thales

  • Heraclitus

Explanation

Question 7 of 96

1

He held that all is water.

Select one of the following:

  • Thales

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 8 of 96

1

He held that everything is fire.

Select one of the following:

  • Thales

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • Heraclitus

Explanation

Question 9 of 96

1

He held that everything is in a constant state of flux/change

Select one of the following:

  • Heraclitus

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • Thales

Explanation

Question 10 of 96

1

Who said you cannot step twice in the same river?

Select one of the following:

  • Thales

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 11 of 96

1

Plato is a rationalist.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 96

1

According to Plato, if you believe something is true and it is true, then you know that it's true.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 96

1

According to Plato, knowledge is true belief plus?

Select one of the following:

  • an account

  • the logos

  • the reason/rational explanation

  • All of the above

  • None of the above. Knowlege is nothing more than true belief.

Explanation

Question 14 of 96

1

Epistmology is

Select one of the following:

  • the view that all knowledge comes through reason

  • the view that all knowledge comes through experience

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 15 of 96

1

In the Allegory of the Cave, the prisoners

Select one of the following:

  • see only the shadows of things, not the things themselves.

  • believe they know what reality is like.

  • don't know they are prisoners

  • are just like us.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 16 of 96

1

"Does God exist?" is

Select one of the following:

  • an ethical question.

  • an epistemological question.

  • an ontological question.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 17 of 96

1

The inside of the cave represents

Select one of the following:

  • the world of appearance.

  • the empirical world

  • a world in a constant state of flux.

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 18 of 96

1

On Plato's view,

Select one of the following:

  • although the forms are not physical, they may be seen with physical eyes.

  • although the forms are not mental, they exist only in they mind.

  • forms are more real than physical objects.

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 19 of 96

1

Plato's view is a dualist view because

Select one of the following:

  • he had two personalities.

  • he famously beat Heraclitus in a duel.

  • he had only two beliefs: Socrates is a man and Socrates is mortal.

  • he believed in two kinds of things, material things and nonmaterial things

Explanation

Question 20 of 96

1

According to Plato,

Select one of the following:

  • The thing that is the most real is The Good.

  • There are two utlimate realities, The Good and The Bad.

  • There are three ultimate realities, The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.

  • Nothing is real. There's nothing to get hung about.

Explanation

Question 21 of 96

1

Why is Socrates on trial?

Select one of the following:

  • For molesting young boys.

  • For plagiarizing Plato's ideas.

  • For corrupting the youth of Athens through philosophy.

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 22 of 96

1

Who tries to convince Socrates to escape from prison?

Select one of the following:

  • Plato

  • Plato's little sister Denise

  • Socrates' young friend Crito

  • Alexander the Great

Explanation

Question 23 of 96

1

Socrates rejects the reasons in favor of escaping.  Why does he reject the reasons given?

Select one of the following:

  • The reasons given concern the physical concequences of leaving.

  • According to Socrates, the reasons given don't have anything to do with whether it is right to leave.

  • According to Socrates, the physical consequences, those that are known empirically, are not relevent to what is right.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 24 of 96

1

Socrates believes that if he leaves, he will be breaking his just agreement with the state.  How does he know that breaking just agreements is wrong?

Select one of the following:

  • Whenever he has broken his just agreements in the past and when he has observed others breaking their just agreements, the consequences have always been bad.

  • He knows it empirically.

  • He knows it by reason alone.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 25 of 96

1

In the Symposium love is defined as the desire always to possess The Good.  What is The Good, according to the view that Socrates learned?

Select one of the following:

  • It varies from person to person.

  • It varies from culture to culture

  • Anything a person cares for deeply.

  • All of the above

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 26 of 96

1

On Plato's view, beautiful objects in the physical world are only shadows of beauty itself.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 96

1

Beauty itself is not physical.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 96

1

Beauty itself, like justice itself, is a form, an immaterial object and therefore can be perceived only by reason, not by the senses.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 96

1

On Plato's view, true beauty is in the eye of the beholder so that what is truely beautiful is just a matter of opinion.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 30 of 96

1

Like Plato's Allegory of the Cave, which represents the process of enlightenment whereby one turns from the less real to the more real, Plato's ladder of love represents the pursuit of love to be an assent from what is less real to what is more real. 

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 31 of 96

1

 If an argument is valid, then
 

Select one of the following:

  • its conclusion must be true.

  • if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

  • its premises are all true

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 32 of 96

1

1. If God exists, then all is well.
All is not well
Therefore God does not exist

The above argument is:

Select one of the following:

  • Valid

  • Invalid

Explanation

Question 33 of 96

1

1.  If God exists, then all is well.
All is not well
Therefore God does not exist

The above argument is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Modus Ponens

  • Modus Tollens

  • Denying the antecedent

  • Affirming the consequent

Explanation

Question 34 of 96

1

Which of the following is true

Select one of the following:

  • If an argument is valid, all its premises are true
     

  • If an argument is sound, it is also valid

  • If an argument is valid, it is also sound

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 35 of 96

1

Which of the following is true?

Select one of the following:

  •  If an argument is an example of denying the antecedent, its conclusion is always false

  • If an argument is sound, its conclusion is true

  • If an argument is an example of Modus Ponens its conclusion is always true

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 36 of 96

1

Different cultures have different moral standards is

Select one of the following:

  • descriptive

  • prescriptive

Explanation

Question 37 of 96

1

Ethical Relativism is descriptive

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 38 of 96

1

 If different cultures have different moral standards, then Ethical Relativism is true.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 39 of 96

1

If Ethical Relativism is true,  when a culture changes its morals, the change is neither moral progress nor moral decline.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 40 of 96

1

 If something is the case, then it ought to be the case.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 41 of 96

1

If a statement is prescriptive,

Select one of the following:

  •  it is merely a matter of opinion

  • it is descriptive

  • it is normative

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 42 of 96

1

 If Ethical Relativism is true,  then one's culture is always by definition right

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 43 of 96

1

If Ethical Relativism is true, a moral reformer who seeks to reform a culture's morals is always by definition wrong.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 44 of 96

1

The consensus among philosophers is that Ethical Relativism is

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 45 of 96

1

1. If candy is dandy, then liquor is quicker
Candy is dandy
Therefore liquor is quicker.

The above argument is

Select one of the following:

  • Valid

  • Invalid

Explanation

Question 46 of 96

1

There really is a difference between good reasoning and bad

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 47 of 96

1

Aristotle was Socrates' teacher.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 48 of 96

1

1. Plato and Aristotle disagreed over

Select one of the following:

  • how to divide Socrates' vast estate

  • whether Jesus was the Jewish messiah

  • the nature of forms

  • the nature of sexual desire

Explanation

Question 49 of 96

1

Aristotle believed that the forms are in material objects, not that material objects are mere shadows of immaterial forms.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 50 of 96

1

According to Epicurus, we should do what reason says, even if doing so makes everyone unhappy.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 51 of 96

1

Epicurus was a materialist.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 52 of 96

1

The Stoics were like Plato in that they believed in the use of reason over emotion, but they were unlike Plato in that they were ontological materialists.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 53 of 96

1

Philo lived

Select one of the following:

  • at about the same time as Plato and Aristotle

  • at about the same time as Epicurus

  • at about the same time as Jesus and Paul

  • All of the above. Philo lived a very long life.

Explanation

Question 54 of 96

1

For Plato, The Good is a non-personal entity to be contemplated.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 55 of 96

1

For Justin Martyr, The Good is God, a person to be worshipped, not merely to be contemplated.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 56 of 96

1

Which of the following is true?

Select one of the following:

  • Philo tried to synthesize Greek philosophy with the Hebrew scriptures.

  • Justin Martyr tried to synthesize Greek and Hebrew thought with Christianity.

  • Both of the above

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 57 of 96

1

Why does Descartes set out to doubt everything?

Select one of the following:

  • He had grown angry and bitter towards God.

  • To prove that nothing can be known.

  • To build a foundation for scientific knowledge.

  • To build a foundation that helps needy philosophers.

Explanation

Question 58 of 96

1

Rationalism is the view that all knowledge comes through reason, not though sensory experience.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 59 of 96

1

Even though he knows the senses are known deceivers, Descartes is still an empiricist.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 60 of 96

1

1. On what grounds does Descartes doubt even immediate empirical judgments such as, "I am seated here now"?

Select one of the following:

  • He drank too much and began to doubt everything.

  • He might be dreaming

  • He doesn't doubt it: it's his first truth, something that cannot be doubted.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 61 of 96

1

The main conclusion of the wax example is that the senses are known deceivers.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 62 of 96

1

According to Descartes, physical bodies are perceived by reason alone.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 63 of 96

1

According to Descartes, the mind is identical to the brain.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 64 of 96

1

1. Descartes observes that he can doubt the existence of his body, but that he cannot doubt the existence of his soul.  What conclusion does he draw from this?

Select one of the following:

  • The senses are known deceivers

  • He might be dreaming

  • There might be an evil genius

  • The body is not identical to the soul.

Explanation

Question 65 of 96

1

Descartes thinks he has shown the falsity of the supposition that an evil genius exists by proving that a perfect being exists, one who is not a deceiver.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 66 of 96

1

Our ideas of primary properties correctly represent the world.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 67 of 96

1

Our ideas of secondary properties do not represent the world.  They are the result of causal powers in objects that produce these ideas in us.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 68 of 96

1

Why is it important philosophically for Descartes to argue that God exists?

Select one of the following:

  • He felt very vulnerable all alone in the cabin while he was engaging in his meditations, and he needed the comfort of knowing someone was watching out for him.

  • To write a book that did not prove God’s existence would have made Descartes a criminal in the eyes of the law.

  • If a perfect God exists, then the Evil Genius does not.

  • Descartes argues against the idea of a perfect being so that, being himself imperfect, he might feel better about himself.

Explanation

Question 69 of 96

1

How does Descartes argue that God exists?

Select one of the following:

  • He came up with the famous statement, Credo, Biblio, Veritas (The Bible says it, I believe it, and that settles it).

  • He argues that the perfect functioning of the material world provides evidence of a perfect intelligent designer.

  • He begins with only the ideas in his mind, since that is all he can be certain of at that point

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 70 of 96

1

Does Descartes believe he has the idea of perfection?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes. That is the only way he could know that he, himself, is imperfect.

  • No. He has no idea of perfection and that is how he knows that he himself is perfect.

Explanation

Question 71 of 96

1

Our ideas of secondary properties, such as our idea of red, do not resemble anything in the object that produce the ideas in us. 

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 72 of 96

1

Though Descartes believes in his own existence as well as God’s, he does not believe in a material world, even at the end. 

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 73 of 96

1

Does Descartes know that he, himself, is imperfect?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes. Because he doubts, he knows he is imperfect.

  • No. He doubts very much that he is imperfect, since only a perfect being could have discovered The Cogito.

Explanation

Question 74 of 96

1

Blue and yellow are primary properties, while yellow is a secondary property.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 75 of 96

1

Because he believes the senses are known deceivers, Descartes is an empiricist.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 76 of 96

1

Like Descartes, John Locke is a rationalist.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 77 of 96

1

What does it mean to say that we are born a tabula rasa?

Select one of the following:

  • We are born with innate ideas.

  • The same thing as cogito ergo sum.

  • We are born without any ideas.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 78 of 96

1

Although Locke believes that all knowledge comes through experience, he doesn't believe that we actually experience the world, only our ideas of the world.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 79 of 96

1

Although Locke believes that all knowledge comes through experience, he doesn't believe that we actually experience the world, only our ideas of the world.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 80 of 96

1

Ockham's Razor is

Select one of the following:

  • The sword that killed the empiricist Ockham.

  • a principle Locke uses to show that empiricism is superior to rationalism

  • a principle that says, "your argument cuts both ways".

  • an argument in favor of innate ideas

Explanation

Question 81 of 96

1

According to Locke, some of our ideas correctly represent the world and some do not.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 82 of 96

1

According to Locke, the idea of identity is a simple idea.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 83 of 96

1

Which of the following ideas do not correctly represent the world?

Select one of the following:

  • Our idea of red.

  • Our idea of pain.

  • our idea of the sweet taste of sugar.

  • None of the ideas above correctly represent the world, according to Locke.

Explanation

Question 84 of 96

1

Locke believes our idea of red does not correctly represent reality because he believes the senses are known deceivers.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 85 of 96

1

Descartes thought we could perceive the world directly, while Locke thinks the only thing we perceive directly are the ideas in our mind.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 86 of 96

1

When Locke talks about abstract ideas, he means those ideas that the enlightened person achieves when he or she has turned away from the empirical world.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 87 of 96

1

Which of the following ideas are innate, according to Locke?

Select one of the following:

  • Our idea of substance.

  • Our idea of identity

  • Both of the above

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 88 of 96

1

1. Our idea of substance, according to Locke, is

Select one of the following:

  • obscure, not clear.

  • an idea of something, but he knows not what.

  • an idea of something that supports or stands under the qualities of a thing,

  • and really is the thing in which all the properties inhere.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 89 of 96

1

Locke believes that our idea of identity is formed when we experience an idea, for example, the idea of a pink ball, and then experience that same idea again, and then compare the two ideas in our mind and perceive that they are the same.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 90 of 96

1

Locke believes that the mind and body are distinct substances that are only contingently related, that the body is a material substance and the mind is immaterial.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 91 of 96

1

According to Locke, a person is an immaterial substance and so personal identity is nothing more than the continued existence of the same immaterial substance.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 92 of 96

1

When Locke uses the word "man" such as when he considers what it is to be the same man through time, the word "man" means, human.  It is a term that refers to whatever biologists refer to when they refer to humans.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 93 of 96

1

On Locke's view, all humans are persons.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 94 of 96

1

On Locke's view, all persons are humans.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 95 of 96

1

Locke says that a rational parrot should be called a man or a human.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 96 of 96

1

According to Locke, our idea of a person is not the idea of an immaterial substance but the idea of a thinking intelligent being with self-awareness.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation