Once a heifer has hit puberty, how often should she come into oestrus?
every 18-24 days
every 24-30 days
every 14-20 days
every 30-36 days
How many weeks post-partum is a cow expected to return to oestrus?
4-6 weeks
2-4 weeks
immediately
3-5 weeks
Which of the following is FALSE considering oestrus expression in cows?
Every single oestrus in fertile cows should have overt behavioural signs
In high yield dairy cows, oestrus duration is thought to be less than 15 hours
Oestrus expression requires the environment
Sub-oestrus implies reduced oestrus expression
Ovsynch in dairy cows involves
Insertion of PRID/CIDR for 7-9 days with PGF2a injected 24 hr before removal of the device
Two injections of PGF2a 11 days apart
Injection of GnRH on day 0, then PGF2a 7 days later, then a final injection of GnRH at day 9
Which of the following is FALSE considering ovarian cysts?
They develop from anovulatory Graafian follicles
They develop when the theca cell layer degenerates
They are 2.5 cm in diameter
They persist longer than 10 days
They occur because of a failure of the pre-ovulatory LH surge after the end of the recovery period
Poor nutrition in dairy cows can influence fertility directly via
reducing IGF-1 production
lowering milk progesterone values
increasing insulin values
An ovarian cause for follicular cysts are reduced numbers of receptors in cells of cysts vs normal follicles.
Which of the following is FALSE when treating ovarian cysts?
Cows often develop cysts in the immediate postpoartum period but these regress spontaneously and don't need treatment
Treat luteal cysts with two doses of PGF2a
Treat follicular cysts with a dose of GnRH/hCG followed by PGF2a
Treat follicular cysts with intra-vaginal CIDR/PRID for 10-12 days
Pyometra in cows is often associated with
a persistent CL
luteal cysts
follicular cysts
thickened ovaries
What reproductive pathology is shown in the image?
Uterine torsion
Hydrosalphinx
Pyometra
Follicular ovarian cyst
Luteal ovarian cyst
Which reproductive pathology is shown in the image?
Persistent CL
Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent embryonic death in repeat breeders cows?
Use semen from a bull with good fertility
Give hCG/GNRH at time of first AI
Give GnRH 11-12 days after AI
Place PRID device immediately after AI
Endometritis is clinically scored based on and .
How would you treat endometritis in a cow if no CL is present?
PGF2a
Intrauterine cephalosporin
GnRH
Penicillin G
The average 600-day liveweight of Charolais bulls is 800kg. The heritability of liveweight is 0.4. What is the simple EBV for a Charolais bull that weighs 820kg at 600 days of age?
+4kg
+8kg
+10kg
+12kg
+20kg
A bull had a 600-day liveweight EBV of + 8kg. Imagine you mated this bull to a Charolais cow with a 600-day liveweight EBV of -2kg. What would be the simplistic 600-day EBV of the calf?
+0kg
+1kg
+2kg
+3kg
Brucella abortus typically causes abortions in cows in
6-9 months
5-7 months
at any stage
4-7 months
usually late stage abortion
Which of the following can cause abortions in cows at any stage of pregnancy?
BVDV
Brucella abortus
Listeria
Leptospira spp.
The voluntary waiting period for servicing cows should be at least
42 days
36 days
50 days
65 days
What is the target number of days for the calving-to-first service interval?
80 days
75 days
What is the target conception rate at the first AI service of cows?
70%
55%
60%
50%
40%
When should a farmer see big peaks in inter-oestrus intervals of his dairy herd?
2-17 days after servicing
18-24 days after servicing
25-35 days after servicing
36 to 48 days after servicing
more than 48 days after servicing
A farmer measured the milk progesterone levels of a number of cows. Which cow's milk progesterone value suggests it's probably in oestrus?
4 ng/ml
8 ng/ml
11 ng/ml
20 ng/ml
Which of the following is NOT a measurement of reproductive performance in sheep?
Fertility
Fecundity
Survival Rate
Foetal Growth
The number of lambs that are born per pregnancy is referred to as
Survival rate
Conception Rate
If a farmer's flock contains a large number of ewes that birth only single lambs, this likely means his flock primarily has an issue with
poor ovulation rate
poor conception rate
high embryonic or early foetal loss
high stillbirth rates
Which of the following would NOT cause a poor conception rate in sheep?
Breeding early in the breeding season
Ovarian cysts
Clover-rich pastures
High environmental temperatures
Mineral deficiency
In sheep, isoflavones can cause
early embryonic death
late foetal death
How would you treat hydrometra in goats?
Oxytocin
GnRH and Oxytocin
PGF2a and Oxytocin
GnRH and PGF2a
Which of the following would likely not cause early embryonic death?
Asynchrony between embryonic development and timing of the progesterone rise
Underfeeding in early pregnancy
Increased age of ewe
Deficiency of selenium
Deficiency of iodine
Placental insufficiency in late foetal death of lambs is likely caused by
underfeeding in early pregnancy
overfeeding in early pregnancy
underfeeding in late pregnancy
overfeeding in late pregnancy
Which of the following is the most common reason for late foetal death in sheep and goats?
Chlamydophila abortus
Toxoplasmosis
Campylobacter
Brucellosis
Leptospirosis
Border Disease
inhibitors like can correct poor mothering ability by preventing changes in neuronal circuits in the olfactory bulb.
If you wanted to investigate the ovulation rate of a flock of sheep, which value(s) would you primarily look at it?
Nutrition
Timing of ram use
BCS
Length of mating
Stress