Mer Scott
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PHCY310 Quiz on L22 Seasonal respiratory allergies, created by Mer Scott on 13/04/2019.

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L22 Seasonal respiratory allergies

Question 1 of 8

1

Allergic Rhinitis is hay fever, caused by seasonal allergens like , and perennial allergens like .
Common symptoms include a runny, stuffy , sneezing, cough, wheezing, and itchy, red, watery .

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    pollen and grasses
    animal dander, mould, and dust mites
    nose
    eyes

Explanation

Question 2 of 8

1

The pathology of hay fever has 2 key stages, and re-exposure causing inflammation.
Upon re-exposure to an allergen, cells in the nasal primed with IgE antibodies release , leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. cause the infiltration of lots of immune cells. These release mediators. The blood vessels become more porous, and emptying easier. Histamines bind to blood vessels, cells and nerves.

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    sensitisation
    mucosa
    histamines
    mast
    activated
    Cytokines
    dilating
    goblet

Explanation

Question 3 of 8

1

Early-phase symptoms (minutes):
-
- nasal and congestion
- rhinorrhoea ( nose)
Late-phase symptoms (6-12 hr):
- nasal
- nasal hyperactivity

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    sneezing
    itching
    runny
    congestion/obstruction

Explanation

Question 4 of 8

1

Therapy options for allergic rhinitis are drugs for symptomatic relief, and to avoid triggers. Dosage forms are:
tablets
sprays
drops
Drugs can:
- Prevent release ()
- Prevent inflammation ()
- Block action ()

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    Oral
    Intranasal
    Eye
    Mast cell stabilisers
    Corticosteroids
    Antihistamines and anticholinergics

Explanation

Question 5 of 8

1

H1 antihistamines are and not receptor antagonists.
Therefore they have no effect on histamine from storage and are more effective if given histamine release occurs. H1 antihistamines can decrease the itch, decrease vascular , decrease presentation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, increase mast cell and decrease release.

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    inverse agonists
    release
    sites
    before
    permeability and dilation
    antigen
    stability
    mediator

Explanation

Question 6 of 8

1

First generation H1 antihistamines have low selectivity and high permeability. They take hours to onset of action, and last hours. They are taken . Their side effects can include sedation, dry , urinary , increased appetite, postural or dizziness, and possibly ventricular arrythmias.
Second generation antihistamines have H1 selectivity and BBB permeability, therefore side effects are uncommon. They take hours to onset of action, and the majority of them are dosed daily, lasting for 24 hours.

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    H1
    BBB
    2-3
    12-24
    tid or qid
    mouth
    retention
    hypotension
    high
    low
    1-2
    once

Explanation

Question 7 of 8

1

Corticosteroid nasal sprays act primarily during the phase and are good for term management. For allergic rhinitis there is no linear association between glucocorticoid and clinical , meaning we can use a low potency glucocorticoid effectively.
Since it is intranasally sprayed, systemic absorption would be negligible and would be expected to pose side effects. But those are:
• Dryness, stinging, burning, and
• Nasal mucosal atrophy, with topical steroid use

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    late
    long
    potency
    response
    fewer
    chronic
    epistaxis (nose bleed)

Explanation

Question 8 of 8

1

Intranasal decongestants are drugs like xylometazoline & oxymetazoline. They have a onset of action though are used duration, as you risk congestion. The drugs act on in the nasal blood vessels, fixing , but not congestion.

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    sympathomimetic
    rapid
    short
    rebound
    alpha adrenoreceptors
    rhinorrhoea and/or sneezing

Explanation