- Pre-diabetes:
HbA1c ❌ mmol/mol
Patients should be advised on diet and lifestyle modification​. If >❌ do CVR assessment. Measure HbA1c ❌.
- Diabetes:​
HbA1c ≥ ❌ mmol/mol
Full diabetes management​

Treatment steps:
1. ❌ is first line​ (❌* if patient can’t take metformin or sulphonylureas)
2. Add a ❌
3. ❌ in addition to, or instead of, metformin ± sulphonylurea​
4. Add ❌, usually once or twice daily.
and, IF hypertensive (likely);
5. An ACE inhibitor,​ or an ❌ (ARB) if not tolerated​

*Low effect, GI tarcet ADRs