Mackenzie  Ortlieb
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Quiz on Bio exam 4, created by Mackenzie Ortlieb on 24/04/2019.

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Bio exam 4

Question 1 of 40

1

As a reproductive endocrinologist, you are trying to help a couple pin-point some of their fertility issues. You obtain a sperm sample from the husband and immediately figure out what the issue is. Which of the following would be contributing to the couple's infertility?

Select one of the following:

  • sperm composes 10% of the semen sample

  • acrosomal enzymes are present at the tip of the sperm head

  • FSH levels in the semen sample are high

  • prostatic fluid lacks bicarbonate

  • more than one of these above

Explanation

Question 2 of 40

1

in the female, LH targets ____ cells, which can be found in the ____. LH is also the hormone used to detect ___.

Select one of the following:

  • Theca; uterus; pregnancy

  • Leydig; ovaries; ovulation status

  • theca; ovaries; ovulation status

  • leydig; uterus; pregnancy

  • granulosa; ovaries; ovulation status

Explanation

Question 3 of 40

1

Which of the following channel types is INCORRECTLY matched with what opens it?

Select one of the following:

  • voltage gated sodium channels- opened by voltage near the threshold

  • ligand gated channels- opened by neurotransmitter binding

  • leak channels- opened by the sodium-potassium pump

  • voltage gated potassium channels- opened by voltage

  • inotropic receptors- opened by neurotransmitter binding

Explanation

Question 4 of 40

1

As pregnancy progresses into the second and third trimesters (but still before delivery), levels of which hormone(s) continue to increase?

Select one of the following:

  • A. Estrogen

  • B. Progesterone

  • C. hCG

  • A and B

  • A, B, and C

Explanation

Question 5 of 40

1

which of the following would you find in the synaptic cleft of an alpha motor neuron and a muscle cell?

Select one of the following:

  • acetylcholinesterase

  • dopamine

  • calcium

  • acetylcholine reuptake transporter

  • voltage-gated calcium channels

Explanation

Question 6 of 40

1

the peripheral nervous system is subdivided into an autonomic and a somatic nervous system. the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system are...

Select one of the following:

  • sympathetic, parasympathetic, and motor

  • sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric

  • sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory

  • motor, sensory, and enteric

  • efferent, afferent, enteric

Explanation

Question 7 of 40

1

suppose you are studying a neuron from an alien with strange ions that contribute to its resting potentials and action potentials. How would you be able to figure out which ion plays the biggest role in the cell's resting membrane potential?

Select one of the following:

  • you should stimulate the cell and generate an action potential and see which ion is responsible for depolarization

  • you should stimulate the cell and generate an action potential and see which ion is responsible for repolarization

  • you should observe the cell at rest and see which ion is most highly concentrated inside the cell

  • you should observe the cell at rest and see which ion is most highly concentrated outside the cell

  • you should observe the cell at rest and observe which ion has the largest peak current

Explanation

Question 8 of 40

1

which of the following is FALSE regarding spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Select one of the following:

  • they take place in the gonads

  • they result in haploid gametes

  • they take place through the entirety of a person's adult life

  • they involve two meiotic divisions

  • more than one of the above

Explanation

Question 9 of 40

1

you are studying the nervous system of a new kind of mammal, which you plan to name after yourself. as you study the nerves in this mammal, you notice that the propagation of an electrical signal from the brain to its target is extremely slow. Which of the following statements could best describe this finding?

Select one of the following:

  • the action potentials must have a lower spike height in these new mammals

  • resting membrane potential must have a lower spike height in these new mammals

  • too many IPSP's don't allow the neurons to reach threshold and get an action potential

  • there must be almost no myelin on the axons to aid in signal propagation

  • all of these are plausible statements given this finding.

Explanation

Question 10 of 40

1

In this same mammal, you are studying a synapse that's somewhere in the midbrain. how would you be able to tell if this synapse is excitatory or inhibitory?

Select one of the following:

  • A.if the neurotransmitter is acetylcholine, it's an excitatory synapse

  • B. if the pre-synaptic cell is hyper polarized, it's an inhibitory synapse

  • C. if the post-synaptic cell is hyper polarized. it's an inhibitory synapse

  • D. if K+ is flowing into the post-synaptic cell, it's an inhibitory synapse

  • C and D

Explanation

Question 11 of 40

1

which of the following is true regarding sensory receptors?

Select one of the following:

  • olfactory sensory receptors are G-coupled protein receptors

  • salt and sour taste sensation employ inotropic receptors

  • bitter and sweet taste sensation work via metabotropic receptors

  • vestibular sensation is perceived via a mechanoreceptor

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 12 of 40

1

the corpus luteum in a pregnant female becomes the placenta

Select one of the following:

  • True

  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 40

1

DIAGRAM. which of the following scenarios could result in the level of excitation observed in synapse C?

Select one of the following:

  • less neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft

  • faster activity by protein 4

  • enhanced inhibition by neuron 2

  • more than one of the above

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 14 of 40

1

DIAGRAM. a patient of yours has serious ADHD and you prescribe Ritalin. which transition would you expect to see at dopamine-mediated synapses in this patient following an extended time on the medication.

Select one of the following:

  • before treatment- synapse B, after treatment- synapse C

  • before treatment- synapse A, after treatment- synapse C

  • before treatment- synapseB, after treatment- synapse A

  • before treatment- synapse C, after treatment- synapse A

Explanation

Question 15 of 40

1

DIAGRAM. Opiods...

Select one of the following:

  • A. limit the activity of neuron 2

  • B. decrease voltage gated calcium entry into neuron 1

  • C. block the action of protein 4

  • A and B

  • A, B, and C

Explanation

Question 16 of 40

1

Why does it make sense that estrogen carries out a negative feedback loop on the anterior pituitary hormones during the luteal phase?

Select one of the following:

  • because the follicle is preparing for ovulation and the anterior pituitary hormones inhibit ovulation

  • because the uterus is preparing for pregnancy and there is no need to promote the growth of a new follicle when one was just released

  • because progesterone is also high and estrogen and progesterone levels have to stay consistent with one another

  • because the ovaries need to prepare another egg to be released the following month

  • because the uterus is preparing for pregnancy and in doing so requires high levels of FSH and LH

Explanation

Question 17 of 40

1

During human gestation, rudimentary forms of all organs develop...

Select one of the following:

  • in the first trimester

  • in the second trimester

  • in the third trimester

  • during the blastocyst stage

  • during gastrulation

Explanation

Question 18 of 40

1

A skeletal muscle deprived of adequate ATP supplies will...

Select one of the following:

  • immediately relax

  • release all actin-myosin bonds

  • enter a state where actin and myosin are unable to separate

  • fire many more action potentials than usual and enter a state of "rigor"

  • sequester all free calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Explanation

Question 19 of 40

1

The two regulatory proteins involved in muscle contraction have several roles. Which of the following roles listed below is INCORRECTLY described?

Select one of the following:

  • troponin- Ca2+ binding protein

  • tropomyosin- ATP binding protein

  • tropomyosin- covers the myosin binding sites on actin at rest

  • tropomyosin- works coordinately with troponin to make binding sites available for myosin on actin

  • troponin- bound to tropomyosin at rest

Explanation

Question 20 of 40

1

Transducin...

Select one of the following:

  • A. is a G-protein

  • B. is active in the light

  • C. when activated, is part of a signaling cascade that depolarizes the photoreceptor cell

  • A and B

  • A, B, and C

Explanation

Question 21 of 40

1

I think if I went to a concert in this day and age, I would need serious ear plugs because of the intensity of the sound! what would be happening as my ears transduce the sound during this loud concert?

Select one of the following:

  • movement of fluid in the inner ear would stimulate a G-protein coupled receptor

  • the frequency of sound waves would increase as sound got louder

  • hair cells in the saccule and utricle would depolarize, sending a signal to the brain about the sound

  • the ear plugs would increase the amplitude of the sound waves making their way to my ears

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 22 of 40

1

Smell and taste...

Select one of the following:

  • both require receptor cells to transduce the signal to a neuron

  • sensory transduction requires the activation of G-protein coupled receptors for all smells and tastes

  • are chemical senses

  • are referred to as olfaction and vestibulation

  • have increased in importance in humans over evoluntionary time

Explanation

Question 23 of 40

1

on its way from production to fertilization, the order of reproductive organs that the sperm must travel through is:

Select one of the following:

  • epididymus, vas deferens, urethra, vagina, cervix, uterus, Fallopian tube

  • vas deferens, epididymus, urethra, vagina, cervix, uterus, Fallopian tube

  • epididymus, vas deferens, urethra, vagina, uterus, cervix, Fallopian tube

  • vas deferens, epididymus, urethra, vagina, uterus, cervix, Fallopian tube

  • epididymus, vas deferens, urethra, vagina, cervix, Fallopian tubes

Explanation

Question 24 of 40

1

GRAPH. At point E on the graph, suppose you infuse into the extracellular environment of this neuron solution which very high potassium levels. What would you observe?

Select one of the following:

  • A. following infusion, hyper polarization of the resting membrane potential

  • B. following infusion, depolarization of the resting membrane potential

  • C. following infusion, an increased driving force for potassium to come into the neuron

  • A and C

  • B and C

Explanation

Question 25 of 40

1

GRAPH. The undershoot of the action potential temporarily hyper polarizes the membrane. Which of the following contributes most to the hyper polarization of this membrane?

Select one of the following:

  • K+ moving out of the cell

  • K+ moving into the cell

  • Na+ moving out of the cell

  • Na+ moving into the cell

  • Cl- moving into the cell

Explanation

Question 26 of 40

1

GRAPH. at which point on the graph above is the Na/K pump at work

Select one of the following:

  • A and E

  • E only

  • A, D, and E

  • D and E

  • A, B, C, D, and E

Explanation

Question 27 of 40

1

GRAPH. Permeability to potassium would be highest at....

Select one of the following:

  • A

  • B

  • C

  • D

  • E

Explanation

Question 28 of 40

1

What is responsible for the majority of estrogen secretion a few days prior and up to ovulation?

Select one of the following:

  • granulosa cells

  • leydig cells

  • corpus luteum

  • the growing follicle

  • the growing embryo

Explanation

Question 29 of 40

1

Sperm mature in this part of the male reproductive system

Select one of the following:

  • testes

  • epididymus

  • seminal vesicle

  • prostate gland

  • vas deferens

Explanation

Question 30 of 40

1

in finding Nemo, dory the blue fish has short term memory loss. assuming that fish share many anatomical similarities in their brains as humans (this is only partly true), which structures in the brain may be non-functional in sweet dory?

Select one of the following:

  • hypothalamus

  • cerebral cortex

  • cerebellum

  • medulla

  • hippocampus

Explanation

Question 31 of 40

1

cell bodies in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord receive information from nocioreceptors about a sensory event from a peripheral nerve. What does this sentence mean?

Select one of the following:

  • information about pain is relayed to gray matter of the spinal cord

  • information about pain is relayed to white matter of the spinal cord

  • information about vestibular sense is relayed to gray matter of the spinal cord

  • information about vestibular sense is relayed to white matter of the spinal cord

  • information about touch is relayed to gray matter of the spinal cord

Explanation

Question 32 of 40

1

A slow-twitch muscle fiber...

Select one of the following:

  • A. will fatigue faster than a fast-twitch muscle fiber

  • B. will have more mitochondria than a fast-twitch muscle fiber

  • C. will cycle through the cross bridge faster than a fast-twitch muscle fiber

  • A and B

  • B and C

Explanation

Question 33 of 40

1

What type of muscle are involuntary

Select one of the following:

  • skeletal and cardiac

  • smooth and skeletal

  • smooth only

  • cardiac only

  • smooth and cardiac

Explanation

Question 34 of 40

1

if chloride concentration outside the neuron is higher than it is inside the neuron, then a synapse where chloride is the permeable ion would be...

Select one of the following:

  • excitatory

  • inhibitory

Explanation

Question 35 of 40

1

FIGURE. there are two calcium channels on the left. which numbers correspond to these calcium channels?

Select one of the following:

  • 2 and 4

  • 2 and 5

  • 4 and 5

  • 5 and 8

  • 2 and 8

Explanation

Question 36 of 40

1

FIGURE. through which channels would sodium flow through?

Select one of the following:

  • 2 and 4

  • 2 and 5

  • 4 and 5

  • 5 and 8

  • 2 and 8

Explanation

Question 37 of 40

1

FIGURE. a mutation in the muscle cell disrupts the interaction of 6 and 7 in the labeled diagram. what would be the result of this mutation?

Select one of the following:

  • A. no muscle contraction

  • B. no muscle relaxation

  • C. no acton potential generated in the muscle cell

  • A and C

  • B and C

Explanation

Question 38 of 40

1

In the cross bridge cycle, what is myosin bound to in its high-energy confirmation?

Select one of the following:

  • A. actin

  • B. ADP and Pi

  • C. ATP

  • Troponin

  • A and B

Explanation

Question 39 of 40

1

Which muscle fiber is always recruited first?

Select one of the following:

  • Type I

  • Type IIa

  • Type IIb

  • Type IIx

  • Type III

Explanation

Question 40 of 40

1

the cells in the retina whose axons become the optic nerve are the ganglion cells

Select one of the following:

  • True

  • False

Explanation