Deana Heitkamp
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Exam 4

Question 1 of 44

1

Homologous pairs of chromosomes are

Select one of the following:

  • identical to each other

  • divided in anaphase 2

  • duplicated in prophase 2

  • similar to each other

Explanation

Question 2 of 44

1

The kinetochore contains

Select one of the following:

  • DNA and RNA

  • microtubule phosphatases

  • motor proteins

  • phosphatases

  • protein kinases

Explanation

Question 3 of 44

1

Apoptosis can occur when a cell

Select one of the following:

  • is damaged

  • is no longer needed

  • is too small

  • damaged and not needed

  • all three

Explanation

Question 4 of 44

1

Which of the following is not a second messenger?

Select one of the following:

  • cAMP

  • inositol triphosphate IP3

  • calcium ions

  • diacylgylcerol DAG

  • protein kinase

Explanation

Question 5 of 44

1

A nucleosome is formed by

Select one of the following:

  • the fusion of DNA and proteins

  • the winding of DNA around histone proteins

  • ribosomes and mRNA

  • the fusion of two nucleid

  • the winding of DNA around chromatin

Explanation

Question 6 of 44

1

Unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a new nuclear envelope is a characteristic of what stage of mitosis?

Select one of the following:

  • prophase

  • metaphase

  • anaphase

  • telophase

  • cytokinesis

Explanation

Question 7 of 44

1

Separation of sister chromatids is a hallmark of which phase of mitosis?

Select one of the following:

  • prophase

  • metaphase

  • anaphase

  • telophase

  • cytokinesis

Explanation

Question 8 of 44

1

Some plants exhibit alternating generations of haploid and diploid multicellular organisms. The haploid multicellular gametophyte arises from single-cell spores by the process of

Select one of the following:

  • meiosis

  • mitosis

  • spermatogenesis

  • parthenogenesis

  • oogenesis

Explanation

Question 9 of 44

1

A common feature of receptor-mediated signaling is

Select one of the following:

  • amplification

  • autophosphorylation

  • regulation

  • amplification and regulation

  • all three

Explanation

Question 10 of 44

1

A cleavage furrow forms during

Select one of the following:

  • plant cell apoptosis

  • animal cell apoptosis

  • plant cell cytokinesis

  • animal cell cytokinesis

Explanation

Question 11 of 44

1

Synaptic signaling alters membrane potential through which of the following signaling mechanisms?

Select one of the following:

  • G-protein coupled receptors

  • tyrosine kinase receptors

  • ganglioside receptors

  • ligand-gated ioin channels

Explanation

Question 12 of 44

1

Failure of chromosomes to assort independently in meiosis could lead to

Select one of the following:

  • increased crossing over

  • greater or lesser chromosome numbers in gametes

  • smaller chromosomes

  • mutations

  • larger chromosomes

Explanation

Question 13 of 44

1

The cell plate forms during

Select one of the following:

  • animal metaphase

  • plant cytokinesis

  • plant metaphase

  • plant morphogenesis

Explanation

Question 14 of 44

1

Checkpoints in the cell cycle are controlled by

Select one of the following:

  • the concentration of cyclin-dependent kinases

  • the cytoplasmic concentration of cAMP

  • the concentration of cyclins

  • mitotic spindle length

Explanation

Question 15 of 44

1

A liver cell of an organism has 8 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will be in a gamete of that organism?

Select one of the following:

  • 2

  • 4

  • 8

  • 16

  • 32

Explanation

Question 16 of 44

1

At which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated from each other?

Select one of the following:

  • prophase 1

  • prophase 2

  • anaphase 1

  • anaphase 2

Explanation

Question 17 of 44

1

Prokaryotes propagate by

Select one of the following:

  • karyogenesis

  • mitosis

  • cytokinesis

  • oncogenesis

  • binary fission

Explanation

Question 18 of 44

1

A grape vine stem is placed in water with rooting hormone. New growth begins to germinate. What process drives that new growth?

Select one of the following:

  • parthenogenesis

  • gametogenesis

  • meiosis

  • mitosis

  • non-disjunction

Explanation

Question 19 of 44

1

Which of the following chemical signaling systems requires transport in the circulatory system?

Select one of the following:

  • synaptic

  • paracrine

  • endocrine

  • autocrine

Explanation

Question 20 of 44

1

Mitosis results in two _____ cells, while meiosis results in _______ haploid cells.

Select one of the following:

  • diploid/two

  • haploid/four

  • haploid/two

  • diploid/four

Explanation

Question 21 of 44

1

Which of the following is a diploid cell?

Select one of the following:

  • zygote

  • skin cell

  • egg

  • zygote and skin cell

  • all three

Explanation

Question 22 of 44

1

What is a likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

Select one of the following:

  • produces a greater number of offspring

  • lower chance of using up resources

  • requires fewer steps

  • greater variation in offspring

  • more cost effective

Explanation

Question 23 of 44

1

A drug that prevents translocation of activated receptors from the cytoplasm to the nucleus will affect which signaling system?

Select one of the following:

  • synaptic transmission

  • paracrine signaling

  • steroid hormones

  • gap junction signaling

Explanation

Question 24 of 44

1

Which of the following is common to both meiosis or mitosis?

Select one of the following:

  • parthenogenesis

  • fertilization

  • cytokinesis

  • phosphorylation

  • interphase

Explanation

Question 25 of 44

1

When phosphorylated, cyclin-dependent kinases

Select one of the following:

  • phosphorylate cyclins

  • phosphorylate target proteins

  • dephosphorylate proteins

  • dephosphorylate cyclins

Explanation

Question 26 of 44

1

Activated steroid hormone receptors are also

Select one of the following:

  • calcium channels

  • protein kinases

  • phosphodiesterases

  • protein phosphatases

  • transcription factors

Explanation

Question 27 of 44

1

Tyrosine kinase receptor enzymatic activity is enhanced by

Select one of the following:

  • tyrosine binding to the receptor

  • autophosphorylation

  • G-protein binding

  • GTP

Explanation

Question 28 of 44

1

A haploid dominant organism, such as fungi arise from spores that are

Select one of the following:

  • haploid

  • euploid

  • diploid

  • tetraploid

Explanation

Question 29 of 44

1

Fertilization results in

Select one of the following:

  • a zygote

  • a diploid cell

  • a cell with new genetic cominations

  • none

  • all

Explanation

Question 30 of 44

1

Independent assortment in meiosis occurs during

Select one of the following:

  • interphase

  • metaphase 1

  • cytokinesis

  • prophase 1

Explanation

Question 31 of 44

1

G-proteins are characterized by

Select one of the following:

  • coupling to ganglioside receptors

  • ATPase activity

  • autophosphorylation

  • localization in the cytoplasm

  • a requirement of GTP binding for activation

Explanation

Question 32 of 44

1

When during meiosis are cells haploid?

Select one of the following:

  • after meiosis 1

  • after meiosis 2

  • after interphase

  • after meiosis 1 and 2

  • all three

Explanation

Question 33 of 44

1

G-proteins are composed of

Select one of the following:

  • alpha, beta, and gamma subunits

  • a GTPase and protein kinase A

  • MAP kinases

  • GTP and protein

Explanation

Question 34 of 44

1

Steroid hormone receptors are found in the

Select one of the following:

  • cytoplasm

  • plasma membrane

  • extracellular matrix

  • circulatory system

Explanation

Question 35 of 44

1

Seedless watermelon plants have 33 chromosomes. Why don't their seeds properly develop?

Select one of the following:

  • meiosis cannot evenly reduce chromosome number

  • crossing over cannot occur

  • there is a high mutation rate in these plant cells

  • these cells cannot undergo proper mitosis

Explanation

Question 36 of 44

1

A phospholipase breaks down phospholipids into

Select one of the following:

  • calcium ions and IP3

  • IP3 and cAMP

  • DAG and cAMP

  • calcium ions and cAMP

  • IP3 and DAG

Explanation

Question 37 of 44

1

At the end of the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, each daughter cell has

Select one of the following:

  • the same amount of DNA as at the very beginning of the S phase

  • the same amount of DNA as at the very end of G2

  • half as much DNA as in G1

  • the same amount of DNA as at the very beginning of G2

  • twice as much DNA as in G1

Explanation

Question 38 of 44

1

How are DAG and IP3 formed?

Select one of the following:

  • protein kinase C enzyme activity

  • phosphorylation of cAMP

  • they are hormones that originate from signaling cells

  • phospholipase breakdown of plasma membrane

  • activation of protein kinase A

Explanation

Question 39 of 44

1

G proteins require which of the following for activation

Select one of the following:

  • GTP

  • PKA

  • adenylyl cyclase

  • PKC

  • IP3

Explanation

Question 40 of 44

1

Adenylyl cyclase uses _________ as a substrate to synthesize ________.

Select one of the following:

  • ATP; pyrophosphate

  • AMP; cAMP

  • cAMP; ATP

  • pyrophosphate; cAMP

  • ATP; cAMP

Explanation

Question 41 of 44

1

The haploid number of a human cell is

Select one of the following:

  • 12

  • 23

  • 46

  • 92

Explanation

Question 42 of 44

1

Synapses of homologous pairs of chromosomes is required for

Select one of the following:

  • crossing over

  • parthenogensis

  • non-disjunction

  • independent assortment

  • fertilization

Explanation

Question 43 of 44

1

DNA synthesis occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • G1 phase

  • G0 phase

  • S phase

  • G2 phase

  • M phase

Explanation

Question 44 of 44

1

Identical copies of chromatin held together at the centromere are called

Select one of the following:

  • sister chromatids

  • histones

  • chromatin

  • nucleosomes

  • homologous chromosomes

Explanation

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