Andy Martinez
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Andy Martinez
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Question 1 of 52

1

Short-term adaptation to environmental stress is

Select one of the following:

  • acclimation

  • acclimatization

  • thermoregulation

  • adaptations

Explanation

Question 2 of 52

1

85 °F is equal to °C

Select one of the following:

  • 47.2

  • 29.4

  • 27.5

  • 65

Explanation

Question 3 of 52

1

Transfer of heat from a solid object to a solid object is

Select one of the following:

  • convection

  • evaporation

  • conduction

  • radiation

Explanation

Question 4 of 52

1

Transfer of heat from air or water currents is

Select one of the following:

  • convection

  • evaporation

  • conduction

  • radiation

Explanation

Question 5 of 52

1

What is the primary method for discharging the resting body’s heat?

Select one of the following:

  • evaporation

  • conduction

  • radiation

Explanation

Question 6 of 52

1

What is the primary method for discharging the resting body’s heat

Select one of the following:

  • evaporation

  • conduction

  • radiation

Explanation

Question 7 of 52

1

The primary avenue of heat loss during exercise is

Select one of the following:

  • convection

  • evaporation

  • conduction

  • radiation

Explanation

Question 8 of 52

1

Which of the following are considered avenues of dry heat exchange?

Select one of the following:

  • convection

  • conduction

  • radiation

  • All of these are correct

Explanation

Question 9 of 52

1

Wind increases heat loss from the skin primarily by

Select one of the following:

  • convection

  • radiation

  • sweating

  • All of these are correct.

Explanation

Question 10 of 52

1

Which of the following is incorrect?

Select one of the following:

  • Insulation limits dry heat exchange.

  • Clothing adds resistance to evaporative cooling

  • Cooling of the skin does occur as sweat evaporates from wet clothing surfaces, and this cooling power is greater than evaporation directly from the skin to the air.

  • Sweat must evaporate in order for cooling to occur

Explanation

Question 11 of 52

1

Internal body temperature at rest is regulated at approximately

Select one of the following:

  • 37 ºC

  • 40 ºC

  • 98.6 ºC

  • 32 ºC

Explanation

Question 12 of 52

1

Thermoreceptors detect changes in temperature and relay this information to your body’s thermostat located

Select one of the following:

  • in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus

  • in blood

  • in the posterior hypothalamus

Explanation

Question 13 of 52

1

The receptors that monitor temperature of blood as it circulates through the body are

Select one of the following:

  • thermoreceptors

  • central receptors

  • peripheral receptors

Explanation

Question 14 of 52

1

Skin vasoconstriction results primarily from

Select one of the following:

  • SNS release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine

  • sympathetic cholinergic release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

  • the hormonal secretion of epinephrine

  • None of these is correct

Explanation

Question 15 of 52

1

The primary neurotransmitter involved in activating the sweat glands is

Select one of the following:

  • norepinephrine

  • epinephrine

  • acetylcholine

  • None of these is correct.

Explanation

Question 16 of 52

1

Metabolic heat production can be increased by the actions of the hormone(s), such as

Select one of the following:

  • thyroxine

  • epinephrine

  • norepinephrine

  • All of these are correct.

Explanation

Question 17 of 52

1

The critical temperature theory states that

Select one of the following:

  • working muscle blood flow is well maintained even at very high core temperatures unless significant dehydration occurs

  • . regardless of the rate at which core temperature increases, the brain will send signals to stop exercise when some critical temperature is reached, usually between 40 and 41 °C

  • heat production is beneficial when you exercise in a cold environment because it helps maintain normal body temperature

Explanation

Question 18 of 52

1

Mineral and fluid loss in sweat during exercise in the heat stimulates increased release of ____________________________, thus reducing fluid and mineral loss in the urine.

Select one of the following:

  • epinephrine and norepinephrine

  • aldosterone and ADH

  • insulin and cortisol

Explanation

Question 19 of 52

1

Which hormone is responsible for maintaining appropriate sodium levels?

Select one of the following:

  • ADH

  • thyroxine

  • aldosterone

Explanation

Question 20 of 52

1

Which hormone is responsible for maintaining fluid balance?

Select one of the following:

  • ADH

  • thyroxine

  • cortisol

Explanation

Question 21 of 52

1

Which of the following provides a single temperature reading to estimate the cooling capacity of the surrounding environment

Select one of the following:

  • WBGT index

  • heat index

Explanation

Question 22 of 52

1

The wet bulb temperature in the WBGT index

Select one of the following:

  • indicates the effect of sweat evaporating from the skin

  • is an indication of the conductive heat loss potential

Explanation

Question 23 of 52

1

Which of the following is not a symptom of exercise and thermal dehydration?

Select one of the following:

  • decreased heart rate

  • decreased work rate

  • increased body temperature

Explanation

Question 24 of 52

1

Which of the following are adaptations that occur with heat acclimation?

Select one of the following:

  • decreased core temperature

  • increased heart rate

  • decreased plasma volume

  • decreased stroke volume

Explanation

Question 25 of 52

1

Which is the correct order by which our bodies avoid excessive heat loss?

Select one of the following:

  • shivering, nonshivering thermogenesis, peripheral vasoconstriction

  • . nonshivering thermogenesis, shivering, peripheral vasoconstriction

  • peripheral vasoconstriction, nonshivering thermogenesis, and shivering

  • shivering, peripheral vasoconstriction, nonshivering thermogenesis

Explanation

Question 26 of 52

1

Windchill

Select one of the following:

  • is an index based on the cooling effect of wind, or the cooling power of the environment

  • represents the temperature of the wind

  • represents the temperature of the air

  • All of these are correct.

Explanation

Question 27 of 52

1

Which of the following is incorrect?

Select one of the following:

  • Exposure to cold markedly increases epinephrine and norepinephrine.

  • FFA levels increase substantially more during prolonged exercise in cold conditions.

  • Cold exposure triggers vasoconstriction in the vessels.

  • Hypothermia can occur when water temperature is well above freezing.

Explanation

Question 28 of 52

1

Sitting in a hot sauna can adequately prepare the individual for physical exertion in the heat.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 52

1

Central thermoreceptors are far more sensitive to temperature change than peripheral receptors

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 30 of 52

1

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Select one of the following:

  • . Strength gains over 4 weeks to 2 years of training vary by training status, and the greatest strength increases are observed in elite athletes

  • Strength gains between men and women are similar when expressed as a percentage of initial strength.

  • Strength gains between children and adults are similar when expressed as a percentage of initial strength.

  • Strength gains when reported as absolute weight are higher in men than in women.

Explanation

Question 31 of 52

1

Which of the following is incorrect?

Select one of the following:

  • Rate coding may be increased with resistance training.

  • Rapid movement or ballistic-type training appears to be effective in stimulating increases in rate coding.

  • A reduction in coactivation of agonists and antagonists is one way in which neural factors may contribute to strength gains achieved with resistance training.

  • Resistance training in the elderly (>70 years of age) results in increases in muscle strength but not muscle mass.

Explanation

Question 32 of 52

1

The muscle fiber hypertrophy that occurs with chronic resistance training appears to result from

Select one of the following:

  • a net increase in glycogen storage in the muscle fibers

  • a net increase in muscle protein synthesis

  • an increase in the water content of the muscle fibers

  • increased testosterone secretion

Explanation

Question 33 of 52

1

Evidence from recent research indicates that a carbohydrate and protein supplement, taken immediately after a resistance training bout, can

Select one of the following:

  • prevent muscle cramps

  • prevent delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)

  • reduce the rate of protein degradation in muscle, resulting in a more positive nitrogen balance

  • reduce the number of exercise sets needed to achieve a given level of strength improvement

Explanation

Question 34 of 52

1

Which of the following is a true statement regarding hypertrophy of whole muscle in response to resistance training?

Select one of the following:

  • Whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans has been shown to result solely from muscle fiber hypertrophy.

  • Some research has suggested that muscle fiber hyperplasia may contribute to whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans.

  • Increases in muscle size do not occur in nonhumans in response to resistance exercise.

Explanation

Question 35 of 52

1

Most research evidence indicates that training-induced whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans

Select one of the following:

  • results mainly from increases in the number of muscle fibers

  • results mainly from increases in the size of individual muscle fibers

Explanation

Question 36 of 52

1

Which of the following is incorrect concerning current theory on fiber splitting in humans?

Select one of the following:

  • Individual muscle fibers have the capacity to divide and split into two daughter cells, each of which can then develop into a functional muscle fiber.

  • Muscle injury results from intense training, particularly concentric-action training.

  • Satellite cells are typically activated by muscle stretching and injury.

Explanation

Question 37 of 52

1

When muscle atrophies, the cross-sectional area and several studies have shown this effect to be greater in type fibers.

Select one of the following:

  • increases; IIa

  • decreases; I

  • decreases; IIa

  • increases; I

Explanation

Question 38 of 52

1

Which of the following is true concerning the effects of resistance training on muscular strength and size?

Select one of the following:

  • Men and women participating in comparable strength training programs achieve similar strength gains

  • Children cannot achieve meaningful strength improvements through resistance training.

Explanation

Question 39 of 52

1

Which of the following is incorrect concerning fiber type conversion?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Cross-innervation studies demonstrated interconversion between type I and type II fibers.

  • b. Chronic, low-frequency nerve stimulation transforms type II motor units into type I motor units.

  • c. Transition of type IIx fibers to type IIa fibers occurs with resistance training.

  • A combination of high-intensity resistance training and short-interval speed work can lead to a conversion of type I to type IIa fibers.

  • There are no incorrect responses.

Explanation

Question 40 of 52

1

The major objective of exercise training is to

Select one of the following:

  • maintain an ideal body weight

  • cause physiological adaptations specific to the type of training

  • increase endurance capacity

Explanation

Question 41 of 52

1

Which of the following is incorrect?

Select one of the following:

  • Aerobic training improves central and peripheral blood flow.

  • V\od\O2max may be defined by the Fick equation.

  • V\od\O2max = Q\od\max divided by a-vO2 difference.

Explanation

Question 42 of 52

1

Which of the following is the best objective laboratory measure of aerobic power, or cardiorespiratory endurance?

Select one of the following:

  • maximal oxygen uptake

  • lactate threshold

  • maximal expiratory ventilation

Explanation

Question 43 of 52

1

Submaximal endurance capacity

Select one of the following:

  • a. is measured with a V\od\O2max test

  • b. is more closely related to competitive endurance performance than is maximal endurance capacity

  • c. is probably determined by both a person's V\od\O2 and his or her lactate threshold

  • a and b

  • b and c

Explanation

Question 44 of 52

1

The increase in heart muscle mass with resistance training is due to

Select one of the following:

  • repeated exposure to the decreased afterload

  • repeated exposure to the increased afterload

  • repeated exposure to increased plasma volume

Explanation

Question 45 of 52

1

Cardiovascular adaptations that occur with resistance training are primarily due to
a. pressure changes that occur with resistance training

Select one of the following:

  • pressure changes that occur with resistance training

  • the pressor response

  • volume changes

  • None of these is correct.

Explanation

Question 46 of 52

1

Of the following factors, which is considered the most important contributor to the improvement in stroke volume with endurance training?

Select one of the following:

  • increased blood volume

  • increased cardiac contractility

  • decreased arterial blood pressure

Explanation

Question 47 of 52

1

Increased contractile force of the heart causes

Select one of the following:

  • an increase in end-systolic volume

  • a decrease in end-systolic volume

  • no change in end-systolic volume

Explanation

Question 48 of 52

1

What is a possible reason for lower maximal heart rates observed in endurance-trained athletes?

Select one of the following:

  • Slower heart rates increase ventricular filling time.

  • Slower heart rate increases afterload.

Explanation

Question 49 of 52

1

An increase in mechanical efficiency is a possible explanation for

Select one of the following:

  • a lower oxygen consumption at a given submaximal exercise workload after training

  • a higher oxygen consumption rate at a given submaximal exercise work load after training

Explanation

Question 50 of 52

1

Hypoxia is best defined as

Select one of the following:

  • oxygen deficiency

  • difficulty breathing

Explanation

Question 51 of 52

1

Barometric pressure on Earth

Select one of the following:

  • remains constant

  • does not vary according to the time of year

  • varies slightly with changes in climatic conditions

Explanation

Question 52 of 52

1

In response to exposure to high altitude,

Select one of the following:

  • pulmonary ventilation decreases

  • chemoreceptors are stimulated by high PCO2 and therefore increase pulmonary ventilation

  • pulmonary ventilation is increased primarily by increases in tidal volume

Explanation

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