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Quiz on Structure of Skin , created by MPusey on 29/12/2014.

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Structure of Skin

Question 1 of 48

1

What are the functions of skin?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Protection

  • Thermoregulation

  • Fat store

  • Sensation

  • Produce vitamin C

  • Produce vitamin D

Explanation

Question 2 of 48

1

What is the most superficial layer of skin?

Select one of the following:

  • Dermis

  • Epidermis

  • Subcutis

Explanation

Question 3 of 48

1

How many layers make up the epidermis?

Select one of the following:

  • 5 in normal skin, 4 in thick skin

  • 4 in normal skin, 5 in thick skin

Explanation

Question 4 of 48

1

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?

Select one of the following:

  • Stratum corneum

  • Stratum lucidum

  • Stratum Granulosum

  • Stratum Spinosum

  • Stratum Basale

Explanation

Question 5 of 48

1

What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?

Select one of the following:

  • Stratum Corneum

  • Stratum Lucidum

  • Stratum Granulosum

  • Stratum Spinosum

  • Stratum Basale

Explanation

Question 6 of 48

1

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?

Select one of the following:

  • Stratum corneum

  • Stratum lucidum

  • Stratum granulosum

  • Stratum spinosum

  • Stratum basale

Explanation

Question 7 of 48

1

Where on the body would you find thick skin?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Soles of the feet

  • Knees

  • Fingertips

  • Palms of the hands

  • Lips

Explanation

Question 8 of 48

1

Between which layers of the epidermis is the stratum lucidum found?

Select one of the following:

  • Between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum

  • Between the stratum granulosum and the stratum spinosum

  • Between the stratum spinosum and the stratum basale

Explanation

Question 9 of 48

1

What is the function of the stratum basale?

Select one of the following:

  • Endure the normal wear and tear of everyday life

  • Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances which keep the skin waterproof

  • Allow keratinocytes to mature and play a role in immune function

  • Constantly produce keratinocytes

Explanation

Question 10 of 48

1

What is the function of the stratum granulosum?

Select one of the following:

  • Endure the normal everyday wear and tear

  • Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances that keep skin waterproof

  • Allow keratinocytes to mature and have a role in immunity

  • Constantly produce keratinocytes

Explanation

Question 11 of 48

1

What is the function of the stratum corneum?

Select one of the following:

  • Endure the everyday wear and tear of everyday life

  • Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances that help to keep skin waterproof

  • Allow keratinocytes to mature and has a role in immune function

  • Constantly produce keratinocytes

Explanation

Question 12 of 48

1

What is the function of the stratum spinosum?

Select one of the following:

  • Endures the normal everyday wear and tear

  • Produces keratin and hydrophobic substances that help to keep skin waterproof

  • Allow keratinocytes to mature and has a role in immunity

  • Constantly produces keratinocytes

Explanation

Question 13 of 48

1

How many days, on average, does it take for cells produced in the stratum basale to reach the stratum corneum?

Select one of the following:

  • 2 days

  • 5 days

  • 10 days

  • 20 days

  • 50 days

Explanation

Question 14 of 48

1

In what dermatological disease is the turnover of keratinocytes increased?

Select one of the following:

  • Atopic eczema

  • Psoriasis

  • Impetigo

  • Tinea

Explanation

Question 15 of 48

1

Which of the following are non-keratinising cells that can be found in the epidermis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Merkel cells

  • Beta cells

  • Langerhan cells

  • Melanocytes

  • Kpuffer cells

  • Keratinocytes

Explanation

Question 16 of 48

1

What are Langerhan cells

Select one of the following:

  • Phagocytes

  • Antigen Presenting Cells

  • Pigment Producing Cells

Explanation

Question 17 of 48

1

What are Merkel Cells thought to do?

Select one of the following:

  • Act as sensory receptors

  • Produce the pigment that gives skin its colour

  • Produce collagen

Explanation

Question 18 of 48

1

What keeps the dermis and the epidermis separate?

Select one of the following:

  • A layer of fat

  • A layer of type II collagen

  • A basement membrane

Explanation

Question 19 of 48

1

What is the name of the upper layer of the dermis?

Select one of the following:

  • Papillary dermis

  • Reticular dermis

Explanation

Question 20 of 48

1

What is the name of the lower layer of the dermis?

Select one of the following:

  • Papillary dermis

  • Reticular dermis

Explanation

Question 21 of 48

1

Which of the following is not found within the dermis?

Select one of the following:

  • Fibroblasts, fibrocytes and their extracellular products

  • Collagen and elastin

  • Melanocytes

  • Glycosaminoglycans

  • Blood vessels and nerves

  • Some immune cells

Explanation

Question 22 of 48

1

Where is the deep vascular plexus?

Select one of the following:

  • Stratum basale of the epidermis

  • Reticular dermis only

  • Reticular dermis, with small branches entering the papillary dermis

Explanation

Question 23 of 48

1

Where is the superficial vascular plexus?

Select one of the following:

  • Stratum basale of the epidermis

  • Reticular dermis only

  • Reticular dermis, with branches running into the papillary dermis

Explanation

Question 24 of 48

1

Why does blood flow within the skin need to be variable?

Select one of the following:

  • To allow sensation

  • To allow blood to be directed to other areas of the body when they functioning more than usual

  • For thermoregulation

Explanation

Question 25 of 48

1

What nervous system allows the blood flow to the skin to be changed by constricting some of the anastamoses?

Select one of the following:

  • Sympathetic nervous system

  • Parasympathetic nervous system

Explanation

Question 26 of 48

1

What are the four different types of nerve endings found in the dermis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Free nerve endings

  • Fixed nerve endings

  • Pacinian corpuscles

  • Meissner's corpuscles

  • Merkel cellls

  • Langerhan cells

Explanation

Question 27 of 48

1

What is the subcutis predominantly made up of?

Select one of the following:

  • Type II collagen

  • Type I collagen

  • Adipose tissue

  • Melanocytes

Explanation

Question 28 of 48

1

What are the functions of the subcutis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Heat insulator

  • Produce vitamin D

  • Act as a food store

  • Produce melanin

  • Produce type II collagen

  • Act as a shock absorber

Explanation

Question 29 of 48

1

Which of the following are associated with hair follicles?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Apocrine sweat glands

  • Eccrine sweat glands

  • Sebaceous glands

  • Arrector pili muscles

Explanation

Question 30 of 48

1

What do sebaceous glands produce?

Select one of the following:

  • Watery substances

  • Sebum

  • Kertain for hair formation

Explanation

Question 31 of 48

1

What is the function of sebum?

Select one of the following:

  • It has antibiotic functions and protects us from bacteria

  • It moisturizes skin and hair

  • It allows us to lose heat when we are too hot

Explanation

Question 32 of 48

1

Hair and nails are made out of the same substance: keratin. True or false?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 48

1

What does soft keratin contain that hard keratin does not?

Select one of the following:

  • Granular layer

  • Adipose tissue

  • Type II collagen

Explanation

Question 34 of 48

1

What are the two types of sweat gland found in skin?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Sebaceous

  • Apocrine

  • Eccrine

Explanation

Question 35 of 48

1

Which of these sweat glands produces smelly sweat?

Select one of the following:

  • Apocrine

  • Eccrine

Explanation

Question 36 of 48

1

What is the mechanism of secretion for eccrine sweat glands?

Select one of the following:

  • Holocrine

  • Apotosis

  • Merocrine

Explanation

Question 37 of 48

1

How are eccrine sweat glands innervated?

Select one of the following:

  • Sympathetic cholenergic control

  • Sympathetic adrenergic control

  • Parasympathetic cholenergic control

Explanation

Question 38 of 48

1

Where on the body are apocrine sweat glands found?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Hands and feet

  • Armpits

  • Genitalia and groin

  • Everywhere that there is thick hair on the body

Explanation

Question 39 of 48

1

What is the innervation of apocrine sweat glands?

Select one of the following:

  • Sympathetic adrenergic control

  • Sympathetic cholenergic control

  • Parasympathetic cholenergic control

Explanation

Question 40 of 48

1

What is the function of vitamin D?

Select one of the following:

  • Regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism

  • Regulates sodium and calcium metabolism

  • Regulates sodium and potassium metabolism

Explanation

Question 41 of 48

1

How much vitamin D is produced by our skin?

Select one of the following:

  • 25%

  • 55%

  • 70%

  • 90%

Explanation

Question 42 of 48

1

Lack of vitamin D in adults can cause what disease?

Select one of the following:

  • Osteomalacia

  • Osteoarthritis

  • Rickets

  • Osteoporosis

Explanation

Question 43 of 48

1

Where in the body is vitamin D activated?

Select one of the following:

  • Blood vessels

  • Kidneys

  • Spleen

Explanation

Question 44 of 48

1

In what layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found?

Select one of the following:

  • Stratum corneum

  • Stratum lucidum

  • Stratum granulosum

  • Stratum spinosum

  • Stratum basale

Explanation

Question 45 of 48

1

What is the histological appearance of melanocytes?

Select one of the following:

  • Dark, flat cells resting on the basement membrane

  • Cells with many dendrites which mostly penetrate the basale layer

  • Round cells with visible granules inside

Explanation

Question 46 of 48

1

What does melanin do?

Select one of the following:

  • Gives skin its colour

  • Protects the skin from harmful UV radiation

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 47 of 48

1

What are the two types of melanin?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Eumelanin

  • Pheomelanin

  • Fibromelanin

  • Neomelanin

Explanation

Question 48 of 48

1

How do these two types of melanin cause the wide range of skin colours seen in humans?

Select one or more of the following:

  • They are mixed in different ratios

  • Darker skinned people have more melanin than lighter skinned people

  • Lighter skinned people only have one type of melanin

Explanation

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