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Quiz on Parental Investment Psychology A2 AQA, created by ashleighlongmoor on 05/01/2015.

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Parental Investment Psychology A2 AQA

Question 1 of 9

1

What are the correct AO1 points in Maternal? Select 3.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Women make greater investment through pregnancy and post natal breastfeeding, this is extended due to adaptive pressures making the brain larger therefore the child is born more immature compared to other animals.

  • Women are more mature than men therefore invest more in their children. Simpson et al found that because women produce far fewer eggs than men produce sperm they are more mature in their choice of mate therefore invest more.

  • Costs of childcare are more for women. They have a minimum 9 months carrying the child in addition to years of aftercare. Symons stated that minimum investment for men is a few moments of copulation and a teaspoon full of semen making random mating more costly for females.

  • Greater investment by females can be explained through parental certainty. Because the woman is carrying the child they can be sure they are the true parent but men have the risk of investing in another man's child.

  • Sex differences in jealousy state that because women are more jealous of the shift in emotional focus in terms of infidelity, they invest more in the child.

Explanation

Question 2 of 9

1

AO2 Maternal Investment- Extra-marrital affairs. Women marry a man for good resources but may have affairs with "studs" for good genes. Baker and Bellis surveyed over 2700 UK women and found as many as 14% were products of extramarital mating. Select strength or weakness and select 1 grenade.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Strength

  • Weakness

  • Methodalogical issues- Social desirability bias as they used a survey.

  • Gender bias- Alpha- differences maximised.

  • Methodalogical issues- Population validity.

Explanation

Question 3 of 9

1

Strength and weakness of maternal investment- Benefits and risks of cuckoldry- Daly and Wilson. Select 1 list of benefits and 1 list of risks.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Benefits- additional social support, perhaps higher quality genes.

  • Benefits- child bonding with two fathers, more options when in need of help

  • Risks- abandonment, male retention strategies e.g. violence against female or other male

  • Risks- lower quality genes, end of relationship, father having no bond with child

Explanation

Question 4 of 9

1

In terms of Paternal, what did Goetz and Shackelford find?

Select one of the following:

  • Minimum investment made by men is less than that of women, indiscriminate mating has less costs.

  • Men have greater concerns for infidelity for example cuckoldry. They try to ensure care is not misdirected.

  • Men risk investing in other men's offspring. Therefore they become more jealous of the act of sexual infidelity whereas women are more jealous of the shift in emotional focus.

Explanation

Question 5 of 9

1

In terms of Paternal, what did Miller find?

Select one of the following:

  • Men risk investing in other men's offspring. Therefore they become more jealous of the act of sexual infidelity whereas women are more jealous of the shift in emotional focus.

  • Men have greater concerns for infidelity for example cuckoldry. They try to ensure care is not misdirected.

  • Minimum investment made by men is less than that of women, indiscriminate mating has less costs.

Explanation

Question 6 of 9

1

"Men risk investing in other men's offspring. Therefore they become more jealous of the act of sexual infidelity whereas women are more jealous of the shift in emotional focus." True or False?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 9

1

AO2 paternal- Weakness of this theory is that men do infact invest. Dunbar found that it pays men to invest in their offspring. Reid supports this by research showing that human males contribute to parenting by providing resources which in turn decreases rates in infant and child mortality. Select the grenade.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Free will vs. Determinism. This study is too deterministic- doesn't allow free will. Not all men invest.

  • Gender bias- Alpha bias- differences maximized.

Explanation

Question 8 of 9

1

AO2 Paternal. Sex differences in jealousy. Buss et al found that in US students males had more concern for sexual infidelity whereas females had more concern for emotional. Physiological responses from males showed more distress imagining scenes of sexual infidelity however Harris found that men were aroused by any sexual imagery therefore suggesting sex differences in jealous aren't adaptive responses. GRENADE- methodalogical issues- population validity- US students.
- Is this a strength, weakness or strength and weakness of paternal investment?

Select one of the following:

  • Strength.

  • Weakness.

  • Strength and weakness.

Explanation

Question 9 of 9

1

IDAs- select the correct 2.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Are males biologically less prepared to invest? Michael Gove suggested it was influence from "lad mags" linked to a rise in feckless fatherhood however Geher et al found that male attitudes are shaped by biological forces. 91 non-parental undergraduate participants completed a parental investment perception scale and were exposed to parental related scenarios. There were no sex differences in self report responses however when costs of parenting were high ANS arousal in men heightened showing men are biologically less prepared to invest in children.

  • Evolutionary explanations are too reductionist. Rowe stated that basing all investment on evolutionary factors means that conclusions are severely limited. It reduces the complex behaviour of making investment down to evolution and doesn't take into account factors such as relationship with mother. Belsky claims that childhood experiences e.g. parental divorce correlate with men's investment with their children.

  • Parental investment theory would predict that investment by fathers would always be greater if they know the child is theirs. They would not want to spend time and resources bringing up another man's child however some studies have contradicted this. Anderson found that men did not discriminate financially between a step child in a current relationship, compared to their own child from a previous relationship. Though this may be a strategy to convince the mother that he is a good provider (by investing in the step child) and this in turn can promote future chances for reproductive success.

Explanation

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