IBS - Embryology Quiz

Question 1 of 33

1

What does the Morula become?

Select one of the following:

A distinct inner and outer cell mass
A trilaminar embryo
The epiblast and hypoblast

Explanation

Question 2 of 33

1

The inner cell mass differentiates into which two structures?

Select one or more of the following:

Epiblast
Hypoblast
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Explanation

Question 3 of 33

1

The primitive streak indicates that gastrulation is occurring.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 4 of 33

1

What is gastrulation?

Select one of the following:

The migration of epiblast cells to the primitive streak which then migrates down and displaces the hypoblast, forming a trilaminar embryo consisting, in descending order, of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
The folding of the parietal and visceral layers of the lateral plate mesoderm in order to form the precursors to the bone and wall of the gut tube respectively.
The formation of the notochord from the notochordal plate in a cranial to caudal sequence.

Explanation

Question 5 of 33

1

The Ectoderm is destined to become what structures?

Select one or more of the following:

Tooth enamel
Nervous system
Epidermis
Gastrointestinal tract
Respiratory system
Muscle
Cardiovascular system

Explanation

Question 6 of 33

1

The Mesoderm is destined to become which structures?

Select one or more of the following:

Connective tissue
Cardiovascular system
Muscle
Blood cells
Respiratory system
Nervous system
Epidermis

Explanation

Question 7 of 33

1

The Endoderm is destined to become which structures?

Select one or more of the following:

Gastrointestinal tract
Respiratory system
Urinary system
Epidermis
Connective tissue
Cardiovascular system

Explanation

Question 8 of 33

1

The Notochord is important in signal secretion for nervous system development.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 9 of 33

1

The primitive node is the "organiser" of the trilaminar embryo, and releases signalling molecules like NODAL, BMP4 and Noggin.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 10 of 33

1

Neurulation is the formation of the neural tube. The embryonic plate elongates and folding creates a neural groove and neural plate. Somites, ridges either side of the groove form. Continued folding leads to a tube structure forming. The anterior and posterior neuropores then close, forming a neural tube.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 11 of 33

1

The notochord release BMP that patterns the ventral side of the neural tube.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 12 of 33

1

BMP is released which patterns the dorsal side of the neural tube.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 33

1

Spina Bifida is caused by what?

Select one of the following:

Failure of the neural tube to close
Failure of neural crest cells to migrate
Failure of gastrulation

Explanation

Question 14 of 33

1

Mutations in SHH can lead to what?

Select one of the following:

Cyclopsia due to lack of bilateral symmetry
Inverted organ symmetry due to lack of wafting

Explanation

Question 15 of 33

1

The mesoderm differentiates into which layers?

Select one or more of the following:

Somatic
Intermediate
Lateral plate - Parietal and Visceral layers
Occipital
Frontal
Posterior

Explanation

Question 16 of 33

1

Folding of the parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm produces the precursor to the GI tract.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 17 of 33

1

Somites differentiate into what three 'tomes'?

Select one or more of the following:

Dermatome
Myotome
Sclerotome
Epitome
Gastrotome
Echinotome

Explanation

Question 18 of 33

1

HOX genes are not responsible for coding for particular segments of body structures

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 19 of 33

1

Pharyngeal arches are located where?

Select one or more of the following:

Ectodermal side - ridges
Endodermal side - ridges
Endodermal side - pits
Ectodermal side - pits

Explanation

Question 20 of 33

1

There are 5 pharyngeal arches; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 21 of 33

1

Neural crest cell migration is important in forming the ectodermal placodes. The crest cells aid in the formation of sensory ganglia of certain cranial nerves. Which cranial nerves are these and what conditions may result due to migration failure?

Select one or more of the following:

CN 5, 7, 9 and 10
CN 5, 7, 8 and 10
CN 1, 3, 10 and 12
CN 2, 4, 9 and 11
Digeorge syndrome
Robin syndrome
Anencephaly
Down's Syndrome

Explanation

Question 22 of 33

1

Migrated neural crest cells can form 'cartilages' in the arches such as Meckel's cartilage. What is its function?

Select one of the following:

Precursor template for the mandible
Signal secretion for the developing embryo
Formation of the sensory ganglia in the arches

Explanation

Question 23 of 33

1

Which cranial nerve innervates the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Select one of the following:

Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

Explanation

Question 24 of 33

1

Which cranial nerve innervates the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Select one of the following:

Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

Explanation

Question 25 of 33

1

Which cranial nerve innervates the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

Select one of the following:

Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

Explanation

Question 26 of 33

1

Which cranial nerve innervates the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

Select one of the following:

Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

Explanation

Question 27 of 33

1

Which components of the skull are made from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Select one or more of the following:

Zygomatic bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Temporal bone
Hyoid bone
Styloid process

Explanation

Question 28 of 33

1

Which components of the skull are made from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Select one or more of the following:

Hyoid bone
Styloid process
Stylohyoid ligament
Zygomatic bone
Cricoid cartilage

Explanation

Question 29 of 33

1

Which components of the skull are made from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

Select one or more of the following:

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Styloid process
Maxilla
Temporal bone

Explanation

Question 30 of 33

1

The medial and lateral nasal prominences join together to make the nose.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 31 of 33

1

The fusion of the medial nasal prominences forms the secondary palate

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 32 of 33

1

The maxillary prominences fuse together to form the secondary palate

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 33 of 33

1

What condition(s) are caused by failure of the nasal, mandibular and maxillary prominences to fuse?

Select one or more of the following:

Cleft palate
Spina Bifida
DiGeorge
Robin

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