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BIO 348 Exam 1

Question 1 of 32

1

Which of the following correctly describe(s) the differences between muscle tissue types

Select one or more of the following:

  • smooth muscle cells may have gap junctions, but skeletal muscle cells never have gap junctions

  • skeletal muscle cells contain myofilaments, but smooth muscle does not

  • cardiac muscle cells are multinucleate, but smooth muscle cells are uninucleate

  • skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled, but cardiac muscle is involuntary

Explanation

Question 2 of 32

1

Muscle compartments

Select one or more of the following:

  • are comprised of groups of muscles that work together (synergistically) to produce a movement

  • are surrounded by connective tissue called perimysium

  • are potential spaces created by interconnected connective tissues that extend from the superficial fascia to the endomysium of the muscle

  • support the passage of large blood vessels and nerves supplying skeletal muscles

Explanation

Question 3 of 32

1

Motor neurons that control skeletal muscle

Select one or more of the following:

  • have cell bodies located in the gray matter of the spinal cord

  • have one or more axons, depending on how many muscle cells it innervates

  • may be controlled voluntarily or involuntarily

  • with all the muscle cells it innervates comprises a motor unit

Explanation

Question 4 of 32

1

All of the required components of a polysynaptic reflex arc in correct sequence are

Select one of the following:

  • sensory neuron-motor neuron-effector

  • sensory neuron-interneuron-motor neuron

  • receptor-sensory neuron-interneuron-motor neuron-effector

  • receptor-interneuron-effector

Explanation

Question 5 of 32

1

The skeletal muscle stretch reflex does not result in conscious perception.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 32

1

Proteins (choose all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • may be used by cells to produce ATP

  • are built from 20 possible amino acids

  • are monomers

  • are made by binding amino acids together by the process of dehydration synthesis (aka condensation)

Explanation

Question 7 of 32

1

The functions of proteins in human cells include (choose all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • inheritance

  • Support and intracellular movement

  • transmembrane transport

  • enzymes

Explanation

Question 8 of 32

1

The basic unit of life (choose all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • must be able to respond to short-term changes in its environment and maintain function

  • is classified as either carbohydrate, protein, lipid, or nucleic acid

  • is able to reproduce itself

  • is composed of the same set of chemical elements as non-living things

Explanation

Question 9 of 32

1

One important difference between living and non-living things is

Select one or more of the following:

  • only living things respond to short-term changes in the environment to maintain function

  • non-living things do not absorb the energy of sunlight

  • non-living things do not release energy

  • carbon is found only in living things

Explanation

Question 10 of 32

1

Which one of the following best describes the metabolism of an organism

Select one or more of the following:

  • uses up a significant amount of ATP

  • the efficient conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy

  • includes all the chemical reactions that take place within that organism

  • must occur at a constant rate at all times

Explanation

Question 11 of 32

1

Cell membranes are made mostly of

Select one or more of the following:

  • cholesterol

  • phospholipids

  • proteins

  • water

Explanation

Question 12 of 32

1

Enzymes (choose all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • contain covalent bonds between monomers

  • catalyze chemical reactions that otherwise would never happen

  • are present at all times during the life of a cell

  • are manufactured at ribosomes.

Explanation

Question 13 of 32

1

All cells must manufacture proteins, so all cells must have

Select one or more of the following:

  • ATP

  • DNA

  • ribosomes

  • amino acids

Explanation

Question 14 of 32

1

What do atoms form when they share a pair of electrons? (choose all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • molecules

  • ions

  • covalent bonds

  • isotopes

Explanation

Question 15 of 32

1

The attraction of water molecules to each other (choose all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • makes it easier for water molecules to evaporate

  • allows them to dissolve all carbon containing molecules

  • is best explained by their tendency to form hydrogen bonds

  • helps the body resist changes in temperature

Explanation

Question 16 of 32

1

Nitrogen (N) is much more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following statements is correct about ammonia (NH3)?

Select one or more of the following:

  • each hydrogen atom in the molecule has a partial positive charge

  • the nitrogen atom has a strong positive charge

  • each hydrogen atom has a slight negative charge

  • there are hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen atoms of the NH3 molecule

Explanation

Question 17 of 32

1

Which substance is the most basic?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Vinegar pH 6.5)

  • Windex Window Cleaner (pH 7.8)

  • Simple Green All-Purpose Cleaner (pH 9.5)

  • Clorox (pH 8.2)

Explanation

Question 18 of 32

1

Chemical buffers help resist an acidic shift in pH by

Select one or more of the following:

  • combining with H+ released from acids

  • combining with OH-

  • releasing H+

  • forming hydrogen bonds

Explanation

Question 19 of 32

1

ATP (choose all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • is manufactured by re-arranging the carbon skeleton and other elements in food molecules

  • cannot be stored in a cell for future use

  • is both used and made in cellular respiration

  • is a carbohydrate

Explanation

Question 20 of 32

1

Which of the following cell organelles provide a place for metabolic reactions that either make or use cellular energy?

Select one or more of the following:

  • mitochondria

  • nucleus

  • rough endoplasmic reticulum

  • golgi apparatus

Explanation

Question 21 of 32

1

Some white blood cells (WBCs) phagocytize invading pathogens, such as bacteria. Which of the following is/are true about this function?

Select one or more of the following:

  • WBCs manufacture digestive enzymes for intracellular destruction

  • Destruction of phagocytized material takes place in the cytosol of the WBC

  • Phagocytosis is one form of active transport across the plasma membrane of the cell.

  • Lysosomes are unique to some WBCs; not all cells have lysosomes since not all cells phagocytize bacteria.

Explanation

Question 22 of 32

1

Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell into two daughter cells following mitosis is called

Select one or more of the following:

  • cytokinesis

  • mitosis

  • meiosis

  • karyokinesis

Explanation

Question 23 of 32

1

Phospholipids of the plasma membrane

Select one or more of the following:

  • are arranged as a bilayer with their polar heads sandwiched between the nonpolar tails

  • are arranged in a bilayer with their non-polar tails sandwiched between polar heads

  • around a central layer of cholesterol

  • prevent the passive transport of most water soluble solutes across the membrane

Explanation

Question 24 of 32

1

An example of a tissue in the body is

Select one or more of the following:

  • serous membrane

  • epithelium

  • stomach

  • skeletal muscle cell

Explanation

Question 25 of 32

1

The zygote

Select one or more of the following:

  • is diploid

  • is the origin of the tissues creating the embryo, but not the tissues that produce the placenta

  • implants in the uterus

  • is another name for an egg in the ovary

Explanation

Question 26 of 32

1

The process that involves the movement of cells into new relative positions in an embryo

Select one or more of the following:

  • produces the three embryonic germ layers

  • is called cleavage

  • results in fertilization

  • results in morphogenesis

Explanation

Question 27 of 32

1

True or False. Without the formation of ectoderm, the embryo would not develop a nervous system.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 32

1

Which of the following is/are true about a lumen in the human body?

Select one or more of the following:

  • would be lined by an epithelial tissue

  • is a space through which light is meant to pass

  • is the hollow interior of an organ

  • the surface of the body is considered a lumen, since it is covered with epithelial tissue

Explanation

Question 29 of 32

1

The skeletal system functions

Select one or more of the following:

  • as a boundary organ system, exchanging minerals with the outside environment

  • to release calcium and other minerals from the matrix of bone tissue to help maintain homeostasis

  • as the only protection for the visceral organs of the abdominal cavity

  • produce movement, by providing a framework against skeletal muscle tissues work.

Explanation

Question 30 of 32

1

Compact bone tissue organization

Select one or more of the following:

  • covers the surface of all bones

  • around the medullary cavity of a long bone is surrounded by periosteum and lined by endosteum

  • contains osteons

  • lacks a direct blood supply

Explanation

Question 31 of 32

1

Which of the following is/are true about bone marrow

Select one or more of the following:

  • red bone marrow is found in flat bones only

  • bone marrow and all bone tissues are derived from endoderm

  • red bone marrow produces red blood cells and yellow bone marrow produces white blood cells

  • yellow bone marrow contains connective tissues that support the passage of blood vessels and nerves in the medullary cavity of long bones

Explanation

Question 32 of 32

1

True or False. Canaliculi contain blood vessels that supply osteocytes with a means of nutrient and waste exchange.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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