F211 Revision pack

Define 'eukaryote'

Define 'prokaryotic'

List the organelles found in an animal cell.

Which extra organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don't have?

What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane?

What is the structure and function of the cell wall?

What is the structure and function of the nucleus?

What is the structure and function of lysosomes?

What is the structure and function of ribosomes?

What is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

What is the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

What is the structure and function of vesicles?

What is the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus?

What is the structure and function of mitochondria?

What is the structure and function of chloroplasts?

What is the structure and function of the centrioles?

What is the structure and function of the cilia?

What is the structure and function of flagellum?

What is the equation for magnification?

Define 'magnification'.

Define 'resolution'.

What are the main features of a light microscope?

What are the main features of a transmission electron microscope?

What are the main features of a scanning electron microscope?

What is meant by 'staining'?

What is the purpose of cell surface membranes?

What is the purpose of membranes within cells?

Describe the fluid mosaic model.

What role do the phospholipids have in a cell membrane?

What role does cholesterol play in cell membranes?

What is the role of proteins in cell membranes?

What roles do glycoproteins and glycolipids have in cell membranes?

How do cells communicate with each other?

Why do receptor molecules have specific shapes?

How do many drugs work?

How are membranes affected by temperature?

What is diffusion?

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

What is osmosis?

What happens to an animal cell/plant cell put into a hypotonic solution (higher water potential than cell)?

What happens to an animal cell/plant cell put into a hypertonic solution (lower water potential than cell)?

What is facilitated diffusion?

What are channel proteins?

What are carrier proteins?

What is active transport?

What is endocytosis?
Give an example.

What is exocytosis?
Give an example.

What is the cell cycle?

What is mitosis?

What is interphase?

What is prophase?

what happens in metaphase?

What happens in anaphase?

What happens in telophase?

How can you observe mitosis?

Describe the process of yeast budding.

What are stem cells?

What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and stem cells found in adults?

What is the process of cells specialising called?

Where are stem cells found in plants and what can they differentiate into?

How is a neutrophil (animal cell) adapted for its function?

How are erythrocytes (animal cell) adapted for their function?

How are epithelial cells (animal cells) adapted for their function?

How are sperm cells (animal cells) adapted for their function?

How are palisade mesophyll cells (plant cells) adapted for their function?

How are root hair cells (plant cells) adapted for their function?

How are guard cells (plant cells) adapted for their function?

What is a tissue?
Give examples.

What is an organ?

What is an organ system?

Give examples of substances that an organism needs to exchange with the environment.

Why do large organisms need a dedicated exchange system?

Explain how the lungs are an exchange organ.

How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

What features does a good gas exchange surface have?

What function do goblet cells play (in the respiratory system)?

What function do cilia cells play (in the respiratory system)?

What function do elastic fibres play (in the respiratory system)?

What function does smooth muscle play (in the respiratory system)?

What function do rings of cartilage play (in the respiratory system)?

Describe the structure of the trachea

Describe the process of inspiration.

Describe the process of exhalation.

What is tidal volume?

What is vital capacity?

What is breathing rate?

What is oxygen uptake?

What does a spirometer machine give readings for?