Pharm I Exam 1

Question 1 of 93

1

The NP is reading the literature about a drug. The article reports that the drug is potent. The NP knows that this means that the drug:

Select one of the following:

Produces its effect at low doses
Produces strong effects at any dose
Requires high doses to produce its effects
Is very likely to cause adverse effects

Explanation

Question 2 of 93

1

Except for gene therapy, which statements are true about drug-receptor interactions? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

Drugs can mimic the actions of endogenous molecules.
Receptors for drugs do not respond to hormones and neurotransmitters produced by the body.
The binding of a drug to its receptor is usually irreversible.
Drugs can block the actions of endogenous molecules.
Drugs can give the cell new functions.

Explanation

Question 3 of 93

1

Which assessment findings suggest hypersensitivity of the receptors when a patient suddenly stops taking atenolol (Tenormin), a beta 2 receptor antagonist that slows the heart rate?

Select one of the following:

BP 80/56 mmHg
Pulse 118 bpm
Respirations 26 breaths/min
Temperature 104 degrees F (40 degrees C)

Explanation

Question 4 of 93

1

A patient who has over dosed on methadone HCL (Metadol), an opiate, is brought to the emergency department unresponsive with severely depressed respirations. The patient receives intravenous naloxone HCL (Narcan), an opiod antagonist, with a dramatic improvement in the level of consciousness and respiratory rate and effort within minutes. Which is the priority action 45-60 minutes after the naloxone HCL is administered?

Select one of the following:

Assess for the return of pain because the effect of the naloxone HCL should be peaking.
Assess the need to administer another dose of naloxone HCL because the respiratory and CNS depression may return as the medication effect ends.
Prepare to administer the drug intramuscularly if the drug has not taken effect.
Prepare to counter act the effects of the opiod withdrawal.

Explanation

Question 5 of 93

1

When the therapeutic index of a drug is narrow, what should the NP expect?

Select one of the following:

Blood levels of the drug would be monitored throughout the therapy.
The drug would produce the desired effect at low doses.
The drug would produce many adverse effects at low doses.
The drug would only be used in an emergency.

Explanation

Question 6 of 93

1

Pharmacodynamics includes the study of how drugs work.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 7 of 93

1

Phase 2 of the dose response relationship starts at the point when the therapeutic effect does not increase with the increasing dose.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 8 of 93

1

Maximal efficacy is defined as the largest effect that a drug can produce.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 9 of 93

1

Potency is defined as the dose of drug needed to get the desired effect.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 10 of 93

1

Two drugs in the same therapeutic class with different recommended doses (2mg vs. 200mg) can have equal effects.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 11 of 93

1

A drug that stimulates a family of receptors that are transcription factors does not reach a therapeutic effect until taken regularly for 2wks.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 12 of 93

1

A drug that is selective for specific receptors will produce more unintended effects than a nonselective drug.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 93

1

If a drug is selective for specific receptors it is safe.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 14 of 93

1

Affinity is the strength of attraction between a drug and its receptor.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 15 of 93

1

Drugs with high intrinsic activity cause an intense response.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 16 of 93

1

An agonist blocks the stimulation of a receptor.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 17 of 93

1

If a receptor is constantly bombarded by a drug, the cell can down-regulate and decrease the response to the drug.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 18 of 93

1

If a patient suddenly stops taking an antagonist drug, he can have a hypersensitivity of the receptor and overstimulation.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 19 of 93

1

The ED 50 is usually the recommended dose for the drug.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 20 of 93

1

Absorption

Select one of the following:

Change in drug structure; makes drug more hydrophilic
Change in drug structure/movement out of the body
Movement of drug from blood into tissues/cells
Movement of drug into and out of the body; what body does to drug
Movement of drug into the blood
Movement of drug out of the body

Explanation

Question 21 of 93

1

Distribution

Select one of the following:

Change in drug structure; makes drug more hydrophilic
Change in drug structure/movement out of the body
Movement of drug from blood into tissues/cells
Movement of drug into and out of the body; what body does to drug
Movement of drug into the blood
Movement of drug out of the body

Explanation

Question 22 of 93

1

Elimination

Select one of the following:

Change in drug structure; makes drug more hydrophilic
Change in drug structure/movement out of the body
Movement of drug from blood into tissues/cells
Movement of drug into and out of the body; what body does to drug
Movement of drug into the blood
Movement of drug out of the body

Explanation

Question 23 of 93

1

Excretion

Select one of the following:

Change in drug structure; makes drug more hydrophilic
Change in drug structure/movement out of the body
Movement of drug from blood into tissues/cells
Movement of drug into and out of the body; what body does to drug
Movement of drug into the blood
Movement of drug out of the body

Explanation

Question 24 of 93

1

Metabolism

Select one of the following:

Change in drug structure; makes drug more hydrophilic
Change in drug structure/movement out of the body
Movement of drug from blood into tissues/cells
Movement of drug into and out of the body; what body does to drug
Movement of drug into the blood
Movement of drug out of the body

Explanation

Question 25 of 93

1

Pharmacokinetics

Select one of the following:

Change in drug structure; makes drug more hydrophilic
Change in drug structure/movement out of the body
Movement of drug from blood into tissues/cells
Movement of drug into and out of the body; what body does to drug
Movement of drug into the blood
Movement of drug out of the body

Explanation

Question 26 of 93

1

Which of the following labs would suggest to the NP that a patient may be at risk for drug toxicity secondary to impaired excretion?

Select one of the following:

AST 72 IU
INR 4.2
eGFR 30mL/min
WBC 13,000 mm3

Explanation

Question 27 of 93

1

What is the priority action to assist a patient in PACU to promote excretion of most anesthetics?

Select one of the following:

Encourage deep breathing
Maintain a patent IV line
Monitor urine output
Prevent constipation

Explanation

Question 28 of 93

1

Lanoxin (Digoxin) is a drug with a narrow therapeutic index. Which interventions would be critical for the NP to implement? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

Select one or more of the following:

Administer the medication only on a PRN basis.
Monitor the patient for therapeutic and toxic effects
Be diligent about the timing of drug administration
Monitor blood levels of the drug
Teach the patient that the drug takes several weeks to reach its peak effect

Explanation

Question 29 of 93

1

Grapefruit juice inhibits the CYP 450 system enzymes (CYP3A4 enzyme specifically) and inhibits p-glycoprotein in the intestines for days after ingestion. This especially affects calcium channel blockers, benzodiazepines, cyclosporine, and “statin” drugs. The NP would explain to the patient that ingesting grapefruit juice causes:

Select one of the following:

Excessive first-pass effect
Excess levels of drug in the blood
Lack of therapeutic drug effect
Rapid excretion of the drug

Explanation

Question 30 of 93

1

A patient receiving Vancomycin for a serious infection, has been ordered to have a peak and trough level drawn. When would the NP order these blood levels to be obtained?

Select one of the following:

Peak level 1.5-hours after infusion and trough level 30 minutes before the next dose.
Peak level 1.5-hours before infusion is started and trough level immediately after infusion of the drug is completed.
Peak level while the drug is infusing and trough level trough level immediately after infusion of the drug is completed.
Peak level while the drug is infusing and trough level 30 minutes before the next dose.

Explanation

Question 31 of 93

1

A patient has stopped taking levothyroxine (Synthroid) 3 days ago. The drug has a half-life of 7 days. The patient tells the NP that the drug must not have been necessary because he/the patient does not feel any different. Which of the following is the basis of the NP’s explanation for this phenomenon?

Select one of the following:

The patient’s dose was probably too high, so the drug is still working.
The patient could not have been taking the drug as prescribed.
The drug probably was not needed if the pt. has not experienced symptoms.
The drug’s previous doses have not been completely eliminated from the body.

Explanation

Question 32 of 93

1

The NP prescribes the following medications for a patient: glyburide (Diabeta) 10mg by mouth daily for diabetes and quinapril HCL (Accupril) 20mg by mouth daily for hypertension. The NP should advise Quinipril (ACEI) potentiates the action of glyburide (sulfonylureas) so the patient should be cautioned to monitor for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. The dose of the glyburide may need adjustment. In addition, the meds (specially the glyburide) should be administered with breakfast.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 33 of 93

1

Which of the following is true for a drug that acts as a reversibly-binding partial agonist?

Select one of the following:

The effect of the drug cannot be overcome by an increase in the endogenous agonist.
The drug will have an effect on the Emax of the endogenous agonist.
The drug will have an effect on EC50 of the endogenous agonist.
The drug will effectively decrease the efficacy of the endogenous agonist.

Explanation

Question 34 of 93

1

Which of the following is most dependent on a drug's EC50?

Select one of the following:

Drug potency.
Drug efficacy.
Volume of Distribution.
Therapeutic Index.

Explanation

Question 35 of 93

1

In the following illustration, which drug is the most efficacious?

Select one of the following:

A
B
A, C, & D are equally efficacious.
D

Explanation

Question 36 of 93

1

In the following illustration, if B is an endogenous agonist, A is most likely?

Select one of the following:

A competitive inhibitor.
A noncompetitive inhibitor.
An allosteric potentiator.
It is impossible to tell based in the information in this graph.

Explanation

Question 37 of 93

1

In the follow graph, which of the following parameters is a comparison of ED50 to LD50?

Select one of the following:

Therapeutic Index
Standard Safety Margin
Therapeutic Window
None of the above

Explanation

Question 38 of 93

1

Which of the following is not a factor influencing drug membrane passage?

Select one of the following:

Molecular size
Lipid solubility
Volume of distribution
Degree of ionization
Concentration gradient

Explanation

Question 39 of 93

1

The fraction of drug reaching circulation following administration is known by which abbreviation?

Select one of the following:

LD
MD
F
Vd

Explanation

Question 40 of 93

1

Which of the following routes of absorption are in the correct order in terms of rate of absorption?

Select one of the following:

intravenous = subcutaneous > inhalational > intramuscular > oral
intravenous = inhalational > subcutaneous > intramuscular > oral
intravenous = inhalational > intramuscular > oral > subcutaneous
intravenous = inhalational > intramuscular > subcutaneous > oral

Explanation

Question 41 of 93

1

Which of the following is true regarding the graph below?

Select one of the following:

Drug B has an availability equal to that of drug A.
Drug C has a rate equal to that of drug A.
The availability of B & C are dictated by their peak plasma concentration.
The difference in AUC between A and C dictate their relative availabilities.

Explanation

Question 42 of 93

1

Concerning drug receptor interactions, the constant Kd refers to:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

maximal physiological effect
maximal binding
the drug concentration required to occupy 50% of receptors
drug concentration that results in half-maximal physiological response

Explanation

Question 43 of 93

1

Signal transduction involves G protein coupled receptor systems:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

biogenic amines
peptide hormones
eicosanoids

Explanation

Question 44 of 93

1

Example(s) of second messenger effect(s):
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

increases in cAMP intracellular concentration
changes in intracellular calcium concentration
phosphoinositide effects

Explanation

Question 45 of 93

1

EC50 mainly reflects a drug's:

Select one of the following:

maximal effect
potency
lethality
ease of elimination
safety

Explanation

Question 46 of 93

1

Physiological processes mediated by the intracellular second messenger, cyclic AMP:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

carbohydrate breakdown by the liver
decreased heart rate
increased contractility
smooth muscle relaxation
triglyceride breakdown

Explanation

Question 47 of 93

1

Drug effects are thought to be proportional to the number of occupied receptors

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 48 of 93

1

Nitric oxide mediates this effect on vascular smooth muscle:

Select one of the following:

smooth muscle relaxation
smooth muscle contraction
no effect

Explanation

Question 49 of 93

1

Receptors are usually:

Select one of the following:

lipids
proteins
DNA

Explanation

Question 50 of 93

1

Longer-lasting physiological response to drug:

Select one of the following:

increase in heart rate following epinephrine infusion
changes in gene product production following corticosteroid injection.

Explanation

Question 51 of 93

1

True statement(s) concerning competitive inhibition:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

competitive in addition is based on reversible drug/antagonist binding at receptor sites
with competitive inhibition, the dose-effects curve the shifted to the left
with competitive inhibition, maximal drug effect cannot be obtained, even at high agonist concentrations

Explanation

Question 52 of 93

1

Example(s) of endogenous ligands that interact with membrane-integrated ion channels and affect(s) ion conductance.
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

acetylcholine
GABA
glutamate
aspartate
glycine

Explanation

Question 53 of 93

1

Example(s) of (a) receptor(s) which is/are enzyme(s):
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

dihydrofolate reductase
acetylcholinesterase
monoamine oxidase

Explanation

Question 54 of 93

1

Primary mechanism by which cAMP effects are terminated:

Select one of the following:

enzyme-catalyzed dephosphorylation
reuptake into presynaptic nerve terminals

Explanation

Question 55 of 93

1

An example of a receptor which is a structural protein.

Select one of the following:

Na/K ATPase
acetylcholinesterase
tubulin
DNA
phospholipase C

Explanation

Question 56 of 93

1

An example of an agent that exerts much of its effects through intracellular receptors that in complex form binds to DNA response elements:

Select one of the following:

acetylcholine
dopamine
corticosteroids
diltiazem
atropine

Explanation

Question 57 of 93

1

Factors that may cause variation in drug responsiveness:

Select one of the following:

changes in the number or function of receptors
tachyphylaxis
idiosyncratic drug responses
hypersensitivity reactions
all of the above

Explanation

Question 58 of 93

1

Major roles of receptors:

Select one or more of the following:

determine rate of drug elimination
determine drug action selectivity
provide a means of blocking drug action as well as mediating drug action
act as drug storage sites

Explanation

Question 59 of 93

1

Concerning oral administration -- disadvantages
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

least economical
drug taken orally may cause emesis
drug taken orally may be destroyed by gastric acidity
drug taken orally may be metabolized by gastrointestinal flora
drug taken orally may be inconsistently absorbed due to the presence of food

Explanation

Question 60 of 93

1

Factors That Can Affect Pharmacokinetics
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

Age
Hepatic or renal disease
Pregnancy
Drug interactions
Ethnicity
Metabolism
Nutritional status in patients
GI surgeries
Drug-drug interactions
Drug-food interactions

Explanation

Question 61 of 93

1

Factors That Affect Bioavailability:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

How drug is transported across membranes
How drug is affected by
Shape of the medication
Gastric acid
Drug formulation: salt form, type of binders
Enzymes in GI tract

Explanation

Question 62 of 93

1

Factors affecting absorption:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

Formulation
Mechanics of absorption
pH
Molecular size
Lipophilicity
2nd messengers
Cellular environment
Ionization

Explanation

Question 63 of 93

1

Most drugs are strong acids (-) or bases (+)

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 64 of 93

1

Uncharged drugs are more lipid soluble

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 65 of 93

1

Ionized drug molecules more lipid soluble

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 66 of 93

1

You can create a non-ionized form of an acidic drug by placing it in an acidic environment

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 67 of 93

1

Drugs with low molecular weight pass through membrane pores more easily

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 68 of 93

1

Active transport is drug movement from area of higher
concentration to lower concentration

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 69 of 93

1

Biotransformation reactions occur first with Phase I followed by Phase II.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 70 of 93

1

CYP cytochromes are non-specific, so they could all act on the same drugs.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 71 of 93

1

Biotransformation occurs:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

liver
intestines
skin
lungs
kidney
brain
muscles
heart

Explanation

Question 72 of 93

1

During Phase II biotransformation, drugs can conjugate with which of the following:

Select one of the following:

glucoronic acid
sulphuric acid
acetic acid
amino acid
all of the above

Explanation

Question 73 of 93

1

Conjugation occurs during Phase I of biotransformation

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 74 of 93

1

Enzyme induction can cause potential toxicity

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 75 of 93

1

Only certain drugs are hepatotoxic

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 76 of 93

1

Alcoholism and fatty liver disease affect drug metabolism

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 77 of 93

1

Factors that affect drug metabolism:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

Age
Comorbidities
Liver dysfunction
Gender

Explanation

Question 78 of 93

1

In an 18-month-old baby, these factors could affect biotransformation:

Select one of the following:

P-450 enzymes not fully developed
blood brain barrier not fully developed
intestinal enzymes not fully developed
renal system not fully developed
none of the above

Explanation

Question 79 of 93

1

A drug must be biotransformed to be excreted

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 80 of 93

1

Clearance is the sum of elimination from liver, kidneys, and GI tract.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 81 of 93

1

All drugs are excreted by the kidneys.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 82 of 93

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

After age ( 40, 50, 60, 70 ) people lose ( 5, 7, 10, 15 ) percent of kidney nephrons
every decade.

Explanation

Question 83 of 93

1

You see a pt with HTN. You've given him a prescription for an antihypertensive BID. He returns in 30 days and his blood pressure is 150/85. He admits to noncompliance with BID dosing. You educate him about the importance of taking the medication as prescribed, because once daily is not enough to maintain adequate blood levels. This is an example of:

Select one of the following:

Dose of medication is too low and needs to be increased
Steady state
Increased renal clearance of medication

Explanation

Question 84 of 93

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

A patient is taking multiple doses of 100 mg of metoprolol. At what does of medication will the patient reach steady state?
mg

Explanation

Question 85 of 93

1

A patient is given a single dose of morphine for pain relief before leaving the hospital. Since he can't drive while under the influence, he wants to know how long until he can drive. The half-life if morphine is 2 hours. What is your answer?

Select one of the following:

2 hours
4 hours
6 hours
8 hours
10 hours

Explanation

Question 86 of 93

1

What substances are excreted via the lungs?

Select one or more of the following:

Alcohol
Liquid
Gas
Volatile substance

Explanation

Question 87 of 93

1

Your pregnant patient develops a DVT. You place her on heparin. She mentions she doesn't like shots. Should you place her on warfarin instead to increase medication compliance?

Select one of the following:

Yes, drug compliance is very important. Because DVTs are so serious, increasing drug compliance is the primary concern.
No, heparin is better for the baby.

Explanation

Question 88 of 93

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Until age 2, children have ( 70, 75, 80, 85 )% body water, in contrast to adults, who have ( 50, 55, 60, 65 )%.

Explanation

Question 89 of 93

1

Despite differences in body makeup, infants and children have consistent rates of absorption.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 90 of 93

1

A laboratory is conducting a study to assess the safety, efficacy, and potency of a group of drugs before allowing the agents to proceed to clinical trials. The figure shows the dose-response curves for four different drugs from the same class of medications (Drugs A, B, C, & D). Which of the following is true regarding these medications?

Select one of the following:

Drug A has greater efficacy than Drug D
Drug D has greater efficacy than Drug A
Drug A has greater potency than Drug D
Drug D has greater potency than Drug A
All four drugs (A,B,C,D) have equal potencies

Explanation

Question 91 of 93

1

An overweight patient comes to see you about heart palpitations and high blood pressure. You're trying to decide between a once-daily beta blocker and one given every 6 hours. You feel the once-daily is the best choice. Is this correct?

Select one of the following:

Yes, this is the best choice because once-daily will help with medication compliance.
No, this is not the best choice because your patient is overweight.

Explanation

Question 92 of 93

1

Characteristics of fat-soluble drugs:
cell membrane potential ❌
pH ❌
molecular size ❌
Half-life ❌
Vd ❌
Ionization ❌
Absorption ❌
Route of administration ❌
Metabolized by ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Cross cell membrane on their own

Use 2nd messengers to cross

Acidic

Basic

Small

Large

Short

Long

High Vd

Small Vd

Uncharged

Charged

Easily absorbed

Difficult to absorb

IV

PO

Does not matter as much

Kidneys

Liver

Explanation

Question 93 of 93

1

Characteristics of water-soluble drugs:
cell membrane potential ❌
pH ❌
molecular size ❌
Half-life ❌
Vd ❌
Ionization ❌
Absorption ❌
Route of administration ❌
Metabolized by ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Cross on their own

Use 2nd messengers

Acidic

Basic

Large

Small

Long

Short

High

Low

Charged

Uncharged

Difficult to absorb

Easily absorbed

PO

IV

It doesn't really matter

Kidneys

Liver

	Created by paigembrennan about 9 years ago

	Copied by Jennifer Duru about 5 years ago

Sample test for practice for Simmons FNP Pharm I Exam 1

Pharm I Exam 1

Question 1 of 93

The NP is reading the literature about a drug. The article reports that the drug is potent. The NP knows that this means that the drug:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 93

Except for gene therapy, which statements are true about drug-receptor interactions? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 93

Which assessment findings suggest hypersensitivity of the receptors when a patient suddenly stops taking atenolol (Tenormin), a beta 2 receptor antagonist that slows the heart rate?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 93

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 93

When the therapeutic index of a drug is narrow, what should the NP expect?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 93

Pharmacodynamics includes the study of how drugs work.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 93

Phase 2 of the dose response relationship starts at the point when the therapeutic effect does not increase with the increasing dose.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 93

Maximal efficacy is defined as the largest effect that a drug can produce.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 93

Potency is defined as the dose of drug needed to get the desired effect.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 93

Two drugs in the same therapeutic class with different recommended doses (2mg vs. 200mg) can have equal effects.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 93

A drug that stimulates a family of receptors that are transcription factors does not reach a therapeutic effect until taken regularly for 2wks.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 93

A drug that is selective for specific receptors will produce more unintended effects than a nonselective drug.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 93

If a drug is selective for specific receptors it is safe.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 93

Affinity is the strength of attraction between a drug and its receptor.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 93

Drugs with high intrinsic activity cause an intense response.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 93

An agonist blocks the stimulation of a receptor.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 93

If a receptor is constantly bombarded by a drug, the cell can down-regulate and decrease the response to the drug.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 93

If a patient suddenly stops taking an antagonist drug, he can have a hypersensitivity of the receptor and overstimulation.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 93

The ED 50 is usually the recommended dose for the drug.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 93

Absorption

Select one of the following: