Mer Scott
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PHCY320 (Psychiatry) Quiz on PSY14 Alcohol, created by Mer Scott on 14/10/2019.

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PSY14 Alcohol

Question 1 of 14

1

Alcohol Pharmacology
1. Enhancement of inhibitory transmission - via (G coupled K+ channels)
2. Inhibition of excitatory transmission -
3. Secondary effects on systems, second messengers
4. Effects on release in Nucleus Accumbens may mediate reward, dependence liability

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    GABA(a) Rs, GIRKs
    NMDA R, ionotropic glu-Rs
    monoamine, opioid, ACh
    DA

Explanation

Question 2 of 14

1

Alcohol PK
• Rapid
• Dose proportional
elimination

Alcohol PD/Alcohol metabolism
- Alcohol to Acetaldehyde via * and CYP2E1
- Acetaldehyde to Acetic Acid via
-Acetic Acid to

*Alcohol DH is limiting.

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    absorption
    exposures
    Zero order
    Alcohol dehydrogenase
    Aldehyde dehydrogenase
    CO2 and H2O
    rate

Explanation

Question 3 of 14

1

Factors Affecting Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
1. How much alcohol is consumed
2. How alcohol is consumed
3. (heavier = lower BAC, lightweight is a literal...)
4. will have higher BACs than men because of lower body water content
5. slows down the speed at which alcohol isabsorbed in the body, and also reduces peak BAC.
6. will have higher BACs than younger people because of lower body water content.
7. Alcohol (diluted vs concentrated) may affect absorption
8. that slow down stomach emptying (e.g. opioids) will reduce peak BAC

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    quickly
    Body Weight
    Women
    Food
    Older people
    content
    Drugs

Explanation

Question 4 of 14

1

BAC % - drink driving limit
BAC % - impaired perception, cognitive function, slower reaction times
BAC % - amnesia, nausea
BAC % - coma, death

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    0.05
    >0.10
    >0.20
    >0.40

Explanation

Question 5 of 14

1

Substance use disorders - epidemiology
1. Alcohol abuse: % prevalence, highest user group years, higher in
2. Alcohol dependence: % prevalence, highest user group 16–24 years, higher in males

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    2.6
    16–24
    males
    1.3

Explanation

Question 6 of 14

1

Tolerance:
• reduction in response to a drug after administration
• receptor/second messenger
• acute vs chronic tolerance
• may lead to increased intake to get desired effects

Dependence:
drug-taking behavior; loss of ability to use; intrusion into activities; + tolerance + withdrawal

Withdrawal:
• rebound effects upon cessation or reduction of drug intake
• symptoms usually to those produced by drug (e.g. insomnia, anxiety - BDZs, alcohol; sedation, depression - cocaine

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    repeated
    desensitization/downregulation
    compulsive
    control
    normal
    physiological
    opposite

Explanation

Question 7 of 14

1

Odds of adult alcohol dependence are reduced by 10% for each year drinking onset is delayed in adolescence.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 14

1

"Types" of alcoholism:
Type 1 (~75%):
Genetic link . Tend to start drinking heavily in to setbacks, losses, or other outside circumstances. Equal in male and female. Tend to feel , shy, pessimistic, emotionally dependent. Drinking alcohol helps strong emotions (anxiety, depression).

Type 2 (~25%)
Genetic link . Onset <y. They drink of what 's happening in their lives and often have a history of fights and arrests. More common in . More sensation- and novelty-seeking, more and less . Polysubstance abuse is common as part of an antisocial lifestyle.

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    weaker
    stronger
    response
    anxious
    manage
    25
    regardless
    males
    impulsive
    socialized

Explanation

Question 9 of 14

1

Marketing and advertising normalizes and maintains a heavy drinking culture.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 14

1

As alcohol price descreases, alcohol use increases.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 14

1

Altering price/availability affects consumption/harm.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 14

1

Cheaper alcohol, greater availability shifts the Ledermann curve shape to the , meaning more are consumed per drinkers.
Dearer alcohol, less availability shifts the Ledermann curve shape to the , meaning drinkers but litres consumed.

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    right
    litres
    left and up
    more
    less

Explanation

Question 13 of 14

1

Drug treatment of drug/alcohol dependence:
Substitution treatment:
for opioid dependence
for smoking
Anti-craving medication:
for alcohol dependence
Antagonist/aversive medication:
for alcohol dependence

Most effective options for treating dependence are .
Most effective options for preventing dependence are

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    Methadone, buprenorphine
    Nicotine, varenicline
    Naltrexone (acamprosate)
    Disulfiram
    social and psychological
    social, political and economic

Explanation

Question 14 of 14

1

The 5+ Solution For Alcohol
1. Raise alcohol
• increase tax, minimum price per standard drink
2. Raise the age
3. Reduce alcohol
4. Reduce and advertising
5. Increase drink-driving

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    prices
    purchase
    accessibility
    marketing
    counter-measures

Explanation