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Genetics Final concepts

Genetics Final concepts

Question 1 of 33

1

Histone modification and chromatin remodeling...

Select one of the following:

  • alter the accessibility of genes for transcription

  • shifts allele frequencies

  • results from mutated gene products or abnormally expressed genes

  • Results from unregulated cell growth that forms a multi cellular mass
    removed by surgery, causing no serious harm

Explanation

Question 2 of 33

1

Natural selection is the principal for that _________ within large populations?

Select one of the following:

  • shifts allele frequencies

  • histone modification and chromatin remodeling

  • shifts gene frequencies

  • chromatin modification and histone remodeling

Explanation

Question 3 of 33

1

Cancer are caused by mutations in ______ cells

Select one of the following:

  • somatic

  • germ-line

Explanation

Question 4 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

( 5, 10, 90, 95 )% of cancers are caused by germ-line mutations.

Explanation

Question 5 of 33

1

Genomic alternations associated with cancer include?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Single-nucleotide substitutions

  • Chromosomal rearrangements

  • amplifications

  • deletions

  • Genetic disease in somatic cells

Explanation

Question 6 of 33

1

What are the two fundamental properties shared by cancer cells?

Select one of the following:

  • Abnormal cell growth and division: unregulated cell proliferation

  • Metastatic spread

  • Genetic disease in somatic cells

  • clonal origin

Explanation

Question 7 of 33

1

Genetic disease in somatic cells results from __________ or _________.

Select one or more of the following:

  • mutated gene products

  • abnormally expressed genes

  • benign tumor

  • malignant tumor

Explanation

Question 8 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Benign, Malignant ) tumor: Results from unregulated cell growth that forms a multicellular mass
removed by surgery, causing no serious harm

( Malignant, Benign ) tumor: Results from metastasized cells invading other tissue and causing life-threatening problems.

Explanation

Question 9 of 33

1

__________: originated from a common ancestral cell that accumulated numerous specific mutations

Select one of the following:

  • clonal origin

  • phylogenetic origin

  • ancestral origin

  • familial origin

Explanation

Question 10 of 33

1

All cancer cells in primary and secondary tumors are clonal

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 33

1

Many scientists believe that MOST cells within tumors proliferate, which is why it is so dangerous.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Tumor cells that do proliferate are ( rare, common ) population and give rise to cancer stem cells that ( have, do not have ) the capacity for self-renewal.

Explanation

Question 13 of 33

1

Undifferentiated cells with the capacity for self-renewal are known as __________.

Select one of the following:

  • stem cells

  • cancer cells

  • tumors

  • carcinogens

Explanation

Question 14 of 33

1

Cancer stem cell hypothesis predicts that...

Select one of the following:

  • every cell in a tumor has the potential to form a new tumor

  • most cells in a tumor do not have the potential to form a new tumor

  • cancer sucks

Explanation

Question 15 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Age-related incidence of cancer indicates cancer develops from the ( accumulation of several mutagenic events, onset of a single mutagenic event ) in ( a single cell, several cells ).

Explanation

Question 16 of 33

1

Incidence with cancers rises exponentially with...
(pick the BEST answer)

Select one of the following:

  • age

  • weight

  • karma

  • height

Explanation

Question 17 of 33

1

Independent and random mutations are necessary for a cell to become malignant.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 33

1

Carcinogens are....

Select one of the following:

  • cancer-causing agents

  • cancer-preventing agents

  • human process catalysts

  • car engine catalysts

Explanation

Question 19 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The delay between exposure to carcinogens and the appearance of cancer is an indication of ( the multistep process, the high energy threshold ).

Explanation

Question 20 of 33

1

_________ is the development of malignant tumor.

Select one of the following:

  • Tumorigenesis

  • Malignigenesis

  • Cancer

Explanation

Question 21 of 33

1

Tumorigenesis results in two or more genetic alternations which are...

Select one or more of the following:

  • progressively release cells from normal controls on cell proliferation

  • malignancy

  • benignity

  • progressively release cells from abnormal controls on cell proliferation

Explanation

Question 22 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

What does APC gene stand for?

( Adenomatous, Advantageous, Anagenesis ) ( polyposis, polyploidous, poptosis ) ( coli, cancer )

Explanation

Question 23 of 33

1

What does the APC gene do?

Select one of the following:

  • tumor suppressor gene that encodes a protein involved in normal differentiation of intestinal cells

  • tumor activator gene that encodes protein involved in normal differentiation of intestinal cells

  • white blood cell activator gene that encodes proteins to detect and destroy bacteria

Explanation

Question 24 of 33

1

In colorectal cancers, adenoma and polyp formation requires ?

Select one of the following:

  • inactivating mutations in ADP gene

  • activating mutations in ADP gene

  • activating chromosomal rearrangements

  • reversing chromosomal rearrangements

Explanation

Question 25 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

A ( driver, passenger ) mutation gives growth advantage to tumor cells.
A ( passenger, driver ) mutation has no direct contribution to cancer phenotype.

Explanation

Question 26 of 33

1

Cancer cells show higher than normal rates of...

Select one or more of the following:

  • mutations

  • chromosomal abnormalities

  • genomic instability

  • genomic stability

  • deletion genes

Explanation

Question 27 of 33

1

Genomic instability manifests in gross defects by...

Select one or more of the following:

  • translocation

  • Aneuploidy

  • chromosome loss

  • DNA amplification

  • Chromosomal deletion

Explanation

Question 28 of 33

1

Many cancers are characterized as reciprocal translocations

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

CML- Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a cancer due to ( translation, translocation, amplification ) of ( C-ABL, BCR, ABL, C-BCR ) gene on chromosome ( 9, 22, 10, 23 ) into ( BCR, C-BCR, C-ABL, ABL ) gene on chromosome 22.

Explanation

Question 30 of 33

1

The structure of CML is known as ___________ chromosome

Select one of the following:

  • Philadelphia

  • Illinois

  • Pennsylvania

Explanation

Question 31 of 33

1

What two inherited cancers are caused by defects in DNA repair genes?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Xeroderma pigmentosum (xp)

  • Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

  • Lung cancer

  • Leukemia

Explanation

Question 32 of 33

1

: Defective nucleotide excision repair leading to skin cancer
cancer: increased risk of colon, ovary, uterine and kidney cancers
-eights genes implicated; four involved in DNA mismatch repair; syndrome

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    Xeroderma pigmentosum
    Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal
    autosomal dominant

Explanation

Question 33 of 33

1

Epigenetic effects may be present in what type of cell?

Select one of the following:

  • somatic

  • germ-line

  • both

Explanation

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