Courtney Walsh
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DVM Clin Path Quiz on Clin Path-Lymphocytes, created by Courtney Walsh on 04/02/2020.

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Courtney Walsh
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Clin Path-Lymphocytes

Clin Path-Lymphocytes

Question 1 of 30

1

: a self-renewing cell which gives rise to committed stem cells when stimulated.

: stem cells committed to production of a single cell type (for example, eosinophils). An exception to this is CFU-GM (colony forming unit - granulocyte-monocyte), which splits further into neutrophil and monocyte producing stem cells.

: a young undifferentiated cell with one or more visible nucleoli. It is one step beyond the CFU stage and can be recognized in bone marrow aspirates as rubriblasts or myeloblasts.

: a white blood cell (leukocyte) with cytoplasmic granules (neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil). Therefore, lymphocytes and monocytes are leukocytes but are not granulocytes. This designation ignores the fact that some lymphocytes contain granules, but life isn=t perfect, is it?

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    Pluripotent stem cell
    Colony forming units (CFU)
    Blast cell
    Granulocyte

Explanation

Question 2 of 30

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

2 types of neutrophils are present in the circulation of a healthy animal: the vast majority are mature neutrophils, with a few neutrophils also seen. Higher numbers of signify inflammation.
In clinical pathology, we mean a segmented neutrophil if we just say neutrophil and band neutrophils are specifically called bands or band neutrophils.
Segmented neutrophils have a segmented nucleus (with a dark condensed chromatin pattern) connected by thin strands.
Segmented neutrophils from female animals may have a - a drumstick shaped extension of the nucleus.
Band neutrophils classically have a U-shaped nucleus (can be other shapes, such as C or S shaped).
Cytoplasm of neutrophils is typically or very faintly pink or blue - granules are present but they are not usually possible to see with a light microscope.
The same cell type in birds, fish, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits have staining granules and are sometimes (not always, depends on the reference) called . The current preferred term is still neutrophils

Explanation

Question 3 of 30

1

Select all the following that may cause neutrophilia

Select one or more of the following:

  • toxins

  • neoplasia

  • fungal and viral infections

  • immune-mediated disease

  • all can cause neutrophilia

Explanation

Question 4 of 30

1

Which of the following is part of the proliferation pool of neutrophils?

Select one of the following:

  • myeloblast

  • metamyelocytes

  • band neutrophil

Explanation

Question 5 of 30

1

Select the following that are stages of neutrophil life stages?

Select one or more of the following:

  • bonemarrow

  • intravascular

  • tissue

  • diapedetic

  • adhesion

  • proliferation

Explanation

Question 6 of 30

1

In most species, approximately equal numbers of neutrophils in the blood are in the circulating (50 %) and marginating (50 %) pools

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 30

1

In most species, approximately equal numbers of neutrophils in the blood are in the circulating ( %) and marginating (50 %) pools. The cat differs in that ~ % of blood neutrophils are in the marginating pool, with only ~ % freely circulating.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    75
    25
    50

Explanation

Question 8 of 30

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

It generally takes - days before you will see any evidence of increased segmented neutrophil numbers in the bloodstream as a result of increased bone marrow production.

Explanation

Question 9 of 30

1

Which of the following is not a morphological characteristic of monocytes?

Select one of the following:

  • mottled lacy chromatin pattern

  • round to lobulated nucleus

  • crisp vacuoles in the cytoplasm

  • grey-neutral staining cytoplasm

Explanation

Question 10 of 30

1

monocytes are short-lived cells that remain in the tissue and can produce more macrophages.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 30

1

Connective tissue histiocytes, osteoclasts, microglial cells in the nervous system, Kupffer cells in the liver and Langerhan's cells in the skin are all examples of tissue fixed monocytes

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 30

1

which of the following does NOT cause increased monocytosis?

Select one of the following:

  • trauma

  • excitement

  • stress

  • type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

Explanation

Question 13 of 30

1

a marked monocytosis is often seen with acute inflammation

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 30

1

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils cannot be differentiated visually until the myelocyte stage when specific granules appear

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 30

1

Eosinophilia due to parasites occurs only when sensitivity to parasite proteins has developed and these proteins are then exposed to body tissues or the bloodstream to trigger an increase in eosinophil production and release into the blood.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 30

1

basophils

Select one of the following:

  • have a segmented nucleus like neutrophils and eosinophils

  • The nuclear chromatin is more condensed than in neutrophils

  • often make up 10 % of a differential count in a normal animal.

Explanation

Question 17 of 30

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Basophils, like mast cells, they are involved in immediate (type 1) hypersensitivity reactions.
• When a specific antigen binds to bound to the basophil surface, degranulation and release of granule components occurs.
• Granules contain numerous substances, including and heparin

Explanation

Question 18 of 30

1

After neutrophils, these are the most common circulating leukocyte in domestic animals, including mature cattle

Select one of the following:

  • monocytes

  • basophils

  • lymphocytes

Explanation

Question 19 of 30

1

Which of the following is FALSE regarding Production and kinetics of lymphocytes?

Select one of the following:

  • They are not stored in the marrow

  • A unique feature of lymphocytes is that they

  • lifespan of lymphocytes is generally longer than for other cells

  • causes of mild to moderate lymphocytosis include cortisol release or antigenic stimulation

Explanation

Question 20 of 30

1

Which of the following can alter WBC count numbers?

Select one of the following:

  • nucleated RBC's

  • thrombocytopenia

  • age of patient

  • sex of patient

Explanation

Question 21 of 30

1

Which of the following statements regarding neutrophil toxicity is true?

Select one of the following:

  • • Neutrophil toxicity is evidence that systemic toxins are present in the body. Since neutrophil toxicity is a sign of abnormal maturation of neutrophil cytoplasm, it indicates that the microenvironment of the marrow was not ideal when those cells were being produced.

  • The causes of neutrophil toxicity include endogenous toxins (such as inflammatory mediators) and exogenous toxins

  • Neutrophil toxicity is characterized by cytoplasmic changes, whereas neutrophil degeneration is characterized by nuclear changes

  • All are correct

  • None are true

Explanation

Question 22 of 30

1

Degenerate neutrophils were once normal but have been altered at the tissue site. Toxic neutrophils were never normal since the alteration is one of cytoplasmic maturation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 30

1

These are pale blue-grey variably shaped and shaped aggregates of abnormal rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. They are one of the earliest changes to occur with toxicity, so they can be seen in any situation of mild toxicity

Select one of the following:

  • Dhole bodies

  • foamy basophilia

  • toxic granulation

Explanation

Question 24 of 30

1

This is due to escape of hydrolytic enzymes and the presence of increased amounts of basophilic staining RNA. The cytoplasm has a foamy appearance and is more blue than normal.

Select one of the following:

  • cytoplasmic foamy basophilia

  • toxic granulation

  • dhole bodies

Explanation

Question 25 of 30

1

Physiologic leukocytosis
-Mild without a left shift
-Lymphocytes are most often mildly to moderately
-no evidence of monocytosis

Corticosteroid (stress) response
-neutrophilia with
- often mild to marked
-

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    neutrophilia
    increased
    monocytosis
    no left shift
    lymphopenia

Explanation

Question 26 of 30

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Protein/fibrinogen ratios are calculated as P/F or rarely as (P-F)/F
• If the reason for the increased fibrinogen concentration is dehydration, the total protein concentration should also be increased, and the P/F ratio will be or higher.
• If the reason for the increased fibrinogen concentration is inflammation, the total protein concentration will not rise proportionately, and the P/F ratio will be or less.
• If we calculate a P/F ratio of -, we cannot really make any conclusions (grey zone).

Explanation

Question 27 of 30

1

If you see a low (<10) P/F ratio

Select one of the following:

  • inflammation!

  • Dehydration!

Explanation

Question 28 of 30

1

There is individual variability in P/F ratios in animals

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 30

1

select the following responsible for neutropenia

Select one or more of the following:

  • genetic disease

  • toxins

  • excitement

  • bone marrow insufficiency

Explanation

Question 30 of 30

1

in cattle specifically, which would cause lymphocytosis?

Select one of the following:

  • BLV

  • genetic bone marrow hyperactivity

  • chronic leukemia

Explanation

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