BMS07-1030- Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism

What are the 3 functions of protein in the body?

Why do we need dietary protein?

Amino acids are present in low concentrations in cells/bloodstream that make up the amino acid pool-where does the surplus go?

What are the 20 essential amino acids?

How many of the essential amino acids are synthesised naturally in the human body?

When intake/protein synthesis>excretion/protein breakdown, the nitrogen balance is ....
When does this occur?

When intake/protein synthesis<excretion/protein breakdown, the nitrogen balance is ....
When does this occur?

How are endogenous (most) old/damaged proteins broken down?

How are exogenous proteins (eg. muscle) broken down?
What affects the rate of muscle breakdown?

What are 5 major roles the liver plays in protein metabolism?

How do the rates of structural/hormonal protein breakdown differ?

What are the two ways amino acids are broken down?

What occurs during transamination, and what is this process important for?

What catalyses this reaction?

What does an amino acid become once its amino group it removed?

What occurs during oxidative deamination?

Which amino acid (s) are capable of undergoing this?

What enzyme catalyses this?

How is glutamate formed?

The amino group from... is passed onto ... to form a carbon skeleton (...) and glutamate

What happens to keto acids (formed after amino acids lose amino group)?

What are these referred to as?

Which two keto acids does this whole process not happen for?

Glucogenic Amino Acids are called this because

How many amino acids are glucogenic?

Which two ketogenic amino acids also classify as glucogenic?

Amino acids are transaminated in muscles and transported in the blood as these 4 amino acids:

What is the role of glutamate/glutamine, and why are they effective?

What is NH2 carried in the blood as?

What is glutamine's role in pH regulation?

What is the equation for the urea cycle?

What are the 4 end products of nitrogen metabolism?

What is the simplified urea cycle?

What can the neurotoxicity of ammonia lead to?

What is Hyperammonaemia?
What are two things it is caused by?