The Kidneys and Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Quadratus lumborum

Psoas minor

Psoas major

Iliacus

Explanation

Question 2 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the QUADRATUS LUMBORUM muscle.
ORIGIN: ❌
INSERTION: transverse processes of ❌ and inferior border of the ❌ rib
INNERVATION: anterior rami of ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

iliac crest

iliac fossa

pectineal line

L1-L4

L1-L5

T12-L3

12th

11th

T12-L4

L1-L3

L4 and L5

Explanation

Question 3 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the PSOAS MAJOR muscle.
ORIGIN: transverse processes and ❌ of ❌
INSERTION: ❌ of the femur
INNERVATION: anterior rami of ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

vertebral bodies

spinous processes

T12-L5

T12-L4

L1-L5

lesser trochanter

greater trochanter

soleal line

L1-L3

L2-L4

T12-L3

Explanation

Question 4 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the PSOAS MINOR muscle.
ORIGIN: ❌ of T12 and L1
INSERTION: ❌ of the ❌
INNERVATION: anterior ramus of ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

vertebral bodies

transverse processes

spinous processes

pectineal line

pubis

ischium

ilium

L1

L1 + L2

L1-L3

Explanation

Question 5 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct muscles to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the ILIACUS muscle.
ORIGIN: iliac ❌ and ❌
INSERTION: ❌ of the femur
INNERVATION: femoral nerve ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

fossa

crest

anterior inferior iliac spine

anterior superior iliac spine

lesser trochanter

greater trochanter

soleal line

(L2-L4)

(L1-L4)

(L1-L5)

Explanation

Question 6 of 67

1

Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to be responsible for extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column as well as fixture of the 12th rib during inspiration?

Select one of the following:

Iliacus
Psoas major
Psoas minor
Quadratus lumborum

Explanation

Question 7 of 67

1

Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to be responsible for flexion of the thigh at the hip as well as lateral flexion of the vertebral column?

Select one of the following:

Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
Psoas minor
Iliacus

Explanation

Question 8 of 67

1

Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to be responsible only for flexion of the vertebral column (when it is present, that is)?

Select one of the following:

Psoas major
Psoas minor
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum

Explanation

Question 9 of 67

1

Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to only be responsible for flexion of the thigh at the hip joint?

Select one of the following:

Iliacus
Psoas major
Psoas minor
Quadratus lumborum

Explanation

Question 10 of 67

1

The psoas major muscle of the posterior abdominal wall runs deep to the inguinal ligament to insert at the lesser trochanter of the femur.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 11 of 67

1

Why can infection in the psoas sheath surrounding the psoas major muscle give the appearance of an inguinal hernia?

Select one of the following:

This can cause swelling of the iliopsoas bursa which occurs inferior to the inguinal ligament
This can cause swelling of the iliopsoas bursa which occurs superior to the inguinal ligament
This can cause the Camper's fascia to hypertrophy
This can cause the psoas major muscle to hypertrophy

Explanation

Question 12 of 67

1

What is the fascia of the posterior abdominal wall continuous with?

Select one of the following:

The transversalis fascia
The Camper's fascia
The Scarpa's fascia
The thoracolumbar fascia

Explanation

Question 13 of 67

1

How many layers of the thoracolumbar fascia, occurring in the posterior abdominal wall, are there?

Select one of the following:

3
2
1
4

Explanation

Question 14 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the thoracolumbar fascia in its layers in this transverse section.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

Transversalis fascia

Transversus abdominis

Internal oblique

External oblique

Latissimus dorsi

Serratus posterior inferior

Thoracolumbar fascia

Anterior layer

Middle layer

Posterior layer

Erector spinae

Explanation

Question 15 of 67

1

The kidneys are retroperitoneal.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 16 of 67

1

Where does the centre of the hilum of the right kidney lie?

Select one of the following:

Just below the transpyloric plane
L1
L2
T12

Explanation

Question 17 of 67

1

Where does the centre of the hilum of the left kidney lie?

Select one of the following:

L1
T12
L2
Just below the transpyloric plane

Explanation

Question 18 of 67

1

The superior poles of both kidneys reach the 11th rib.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 19 of 67

1

Why is the right kidney positioned lower in the abdomen than the left kidney?

Select one of the following:

The liver
The stomach
The duodenum
The right lung

Explanation

Question 20 of 67

1

Which of the following will be anterior relations of the RIGHT kidney?

Select one or more of the following:

Right suprarenal gland
Duodenum
Hepatic flexure of the colon
Liver
Stomach
Tail of pancreas
Jejunum

Explanation

Question 21 of 67

1

Which of the following will be anterior relations of the LEFT kidney?

Select one or more of the following:

Left suprarenal gland
Splenorenal ligament
Tail of pancreas
Stomach
Jejunum
Splenic flexure the colon
Duodenum
Liver
Head of pancreas

Explanation

Question 22 of 67

1

Which of the following MUSCLES will be posterior relations of both kidneys

Select one or more of the following:

Transversus abdominis
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
Psoas minor
Erector spinae
Iliacus

Explanation

Question 23 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the layers of fat and fascia surrounding the kidney.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Kidney

Renal capsule

Perirenal fat

Renal fascia

Pararenal fat

Explanation

Question 24 of 67

1

Which of these occurs between the renal capsule and renal fascia?

Select one of the following:

Perirenal fat
Pararenal fat

Explanation

Question 25 of 67

1

Which of these occurs outside of the renal fascia?

Select one of the following:

Perirenal fat
Pararenal fat

Explanation

Question 26 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the layers of fat and fascia around the kidney.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Peritoneum

Pararenal fat

Renal fascia

Perirenal fat

Renal capsule

Explanation

Question 27 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the internal anatomy of the kidney.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Minor calyx

Renal sinus

Papilla

Renal pelvis

Major calyx

Renal column

Cortex

Medulla

Capsule

Renal artery

Renal vein

Ureter

Renal hilum

Explanation

Question 28 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the course of drainage of urine from the kidney.
1. The ❌ of the ❌ contain the ends of the ❌.
2. These open up into ❌ which merge to form ❌.
3. These merge to form the ❌.
4. This leaves the hilum ❌ to the blood vessels and becomes the ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

papillae

renal pyramids

collecting ducts

minor calyces

major calyces

renal pelvis

posterior

Explanation

Question 29 of 67

1

Which tissue of the kidney forms the renal pyramids?

Select one of the following:

Medulla
Cortex
Capsule
SInuses

Explanation

Question 30 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the structure of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Bowman's capsule

Proximal convoluted tubule

Descending limb of loop of Henle

Ascending limb of loop of Henle

Collecting duct

Distal convoluted tubule

Explanation

Question 31 of 67

1

Where do the renal arteries branch off the aorta?

Select one of the following:

Just below the superior mesenteric artery
Just below the coeliac trunk
Just below the inferior mesenteric artery
At the level of the superior mesenteric artery

Explanation

Question 32 of 67

1

The kidney develops embryologically as 5 lobes, each with its own artery. Later these lobes merge but the 5 arteries remain as branches of the renal arteries.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 33 of 67

1

Do the interlobular arteries of the kidney anastamose with one another?

Select one of the following:

Yes
No

Explanation

Question 34 of 67

1

The right renal artery crosses the vena cava posteriorly.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 35 of 67

1

Which is true of the renal artery once it enters the renal hilum?

Select one of the following:

Forms an anterior and posterior division each of which divides into 5 segmental arteries
Forms a superior and inferior division each of which divides into 5 segmental arteries
Forms an anterior and posterior division which together form 5 segmental arteries
Forms a superior and inferior division which together form 5 segmental arteries

Explanation

Question 36 of 67

1

Which of the segmental arteries of the kidney will arise from the anterior division of the renal artery?

Select one or more of the following:

Superior segmental artery
Anterior superior segmental artery
Anterior inferior segmental artery
Inferior segmental artery
Posterior segmental artery

Explanation

Question 37 of 67

1

Which of the following segmental arteries will the posterior divison of the renal artery continue as?

Select one of the following:

The superior segmental artery
The anterior superior segmental artery
The anterior inferior segmental artery
The inferior segmental artery
The posterior segmental artery

Explanation

Question 38 of 67

1

Which arteries of the kidney are found either side of each renal pyramid?

Select one of the following:

Segmental arteries
Interlobar arteries
Arcuate arteries
Interlobular arteries

Explanation

Question 39 of 67

1

Which of the following arise from the interlobar arteries?

Select one of the following:

Arcuate arteries
Interlobular arteries
Afferent arterioles
Segmental arteries

Explanation

Question 40 of 67

1

Which is true of the interlobular arteries of the kidney?

Select one of the following:

They arise at 90 degrees to the arcuate arteries
The arise from the afferent arterioles
They arise at 90 degrees to the interlobar arteries
They form the glomerulus

Explanation

Question 41 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the arterial supply to the kidney.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Interlobular arteries

Arcuate arteries

Superior segmental artery

Anterior superior segmental artery

Posterior segmental artery

Posterior branch of renal artery

Anterior inferior segmental artery

Interlobar arteries

Inferior segmental artery

Branch of renal pelvis

Ureteric branch of renal artery

Right renal artery

Anterior branch of renal artery

Inferior suprarenal artery

Explanation

Question 42 of 67

1

Which renal vein, which drains the kidney directly into the inferior vena cava, is longer?

Select one of the following:

The right renal vein
The left renal vein

Explanation

Question 43 of 67

1

Lymph from the kidneys drains into the para-aortic lymph nodes. Where are these found?

Select one of the following:

At the origin of the renal arteries
At the coeliac trunk
At the inferior mesenteric artery
At the common iliac arteries

Explanation

Question 44 of 67

1

What provides parasympathetic innervation to the kidneys?

Select one of the following:

Vagus nerve
The renal plexus
T10-L2
L1 and L2

Explanation

Question 45 of 67

1

The renal plexus occurs around the renal arteries. Where do its sympathetic fibres arise from?

Select one of the following:

T10-L2
T12-L2
T9-L1
T9-L2

Explanation

Question 46 of 67

1

The kidneys are mostly regulated by hormones, not nervous innervation.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 47 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the arterial supply of the ureters as they descend in the abdomen.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Aorta

Renal artery

Inferior suprarenal artery

Ureter

Gonadal artery

Common iliac artery

External iliac artery

Internal iliac artery

From vesical artery, uterine artery etc

Explanation

Question 48 of 67

1

Where do the ureters cross the pelvic inlet to enter the pelvic cavity?

Select one of the following:

At the area of the sacroiliac joints
At the area of the ischial spines
At the sacral promontory
At the anterior superior iliac spine

Explanation

Question 49 of 67

1

What also occurs when the ureters cross the pelvic inlet and enter the pelvis?

Select one of the following:

They cross the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
They cross the internal iliac artery
The enter the bladder obliquely
They bifurcate

Explanation

Question 50 of 67

1

At what level do the ureters turn anteromedially to move in a transverse plane towards the bladder?

Select one of the following:

At the level of the ischial spines
At the level of the pelvic inlet
At the level of the anterior superior iliac spine
At the level of the anterior inferior iliac spine

Explanation

Question 51 of 67

1

The ureters run posteriorly to the ovarian, uterine and superior vesical arteries.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 52 of 67

1

What do the ureters pass behind in males?

Select one of the following:

Vas deferens
Ductus deferns
Seminal vesicles
Testicular artery

Explanation

Question 53 of 67

1

Which spinal roots supply the ureters, causing pain from the ureters to be referred to the corresponding dermatomes?

Select one of the following:

T11-L2
T11-L3
T12 and L1
T10-L2

Explanation

Question 54 of 67

1

At what level does the ovarian artery cross over the ureters?

Select one of the following:

Level of the pelvic inlet
Level of the ischial spines
Level of the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
Level of the anterior superior iliac spine

Explanation

Question 55 of 67

1

The ureters are retroperitoneal.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 56 of 67

1

The suprarenal glands are intraperitoneal.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 57 of 67

1

Which suprarenal gland is pyramidal in shape whereas the other is semi-lunar?

Select one of the following:

Right suprarenal gland
Left suprarenal gland

Explanation

Question 58 of 67

1

In which of the following are the suprarenal glands enclosed?

Select one of the following:

Perirenal fascia
Perirenal fat
Pararenal fat
Renal capsule

Explanation

Question 59 of 67

1

Which of the following separates the suprarenal glands from the kidneys?

Select one of the following:

Perirenal fat
Pararenal fat
Perirenal fascia
Renal capsule

Explanation

Question 60 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the structure of the suprarenal glands.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Right suprarenal gland

Left suprarenal gland

Right kidney

Left kidney

Renal capsule (gross)

Cortex (gross)

Medulla (gross)

Renal capsule

Zona glomerulosa

Zona fasciculata

Zona reticularis

Adrenal medulla

Explanation

Question 61 of 67

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe which layers of the suprarenal glands secrete which hormones.
The zona glomerulosa of the cortex secretes ❌ and other ❌.
The zona fasciculata of the cortex secretes ❌ and other ❌.
The zona reticularis of the cortex secretes ❌ and other ❌.
The adrenal medulla secretes ❌ and other ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

aldosterone

mineralocorticoids

cortisol

corticosteroids

testosterone

steroid hormones

adrenaline

catecholamines

Explanation

Question 62 of 67

1

Which of the following does the superior adrenal artery arise from?

Select one of the following:

Inferior phrenic artery
Abdominal aorta
Renal artery

Explanation

Question 63 of 67

1

Which of the following does the middle suprarenal artery arise from?

Select one of the following:

Inferior phrenic artery
Abdominal aorta
Renal arteries

Explanation

Question 64 of 67

1

Which of the following does the inferior adrenal artery arise from?

Select one of the following:

Inferior phrenic artery
Aorta
Renal arteries

Explanation

Question 65 of 67

1

	Created by Charlotte Jakes over 4 years ago

University Functional Anatomy and Embryology Quiz on The Kidneys and Posterior Abdominal Wall, created by Charlotte Jakes on 22/04/2020.

The Kidneys and Posterior Abdominal Wall

The Kidneys and Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1 of 67

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 2 of 67

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the QUADRATUS LUMBORUM muscle. ORIGIN: ❌ INSERTION: transverse processes of ❌ and inferior border of the ❌ rib INNERVATION: anterior rami of ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 3 of 67

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the PSOAS MAJOR muscle. ORIGIN: transverse processes and ❌ of ❌ INSERTION: ❌ of the femur INNERVATION: anterior rami of ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 4 of 67

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the PSOAS MINOR muscle. ORIGIN: ❌ of T12 and L1 INSERTION: ❌ of the ❌ INNERVATION: anterior ramus of ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 5 of 67

Drag and drop the correct muscles to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the ILIACUS muscle. ORIGIN: iliac ❌ and ❌ INSERTION: ❌ of the femur INNERVATION: femoral nerve ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 6 of 67

Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to be responsible for extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column as well as fixture of the 12th rib during inspiration?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 67

Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to be responsible for flexion of the thigh at the hip as well as lateral flexion of the vertebral column?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 67

Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to be responsible only for flexion of the vertebral column (when it is present, that is)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 67

Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to only be responsible for flexion of the thigh at the hip joint?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 67

The psoas major muscle of the posterior abdominal wall runs deep to the inguinal ligament to insert at the lesser trochanter of the femur.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 67

Why can infection in the psoas sheath surrounding the psoas major muscle give the appearance of an inguinal hernia?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 67

What is the fascia of the posterior abdominal wall continuous with?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 67

How many layers of the thoracolumbar fascia, occurring in the posterior abdominal wall, are there?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 67

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the thoracolumbar fascia in its layers in this transverse section.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 15 of 67

The kidneys are retroperitoneal.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 67

Where does the centre of the hilum of the right kidney lie?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 67

Where does the centre of the hilum of the left kidney lie?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 67

The superior poles of both kidneys reach the 11th rib.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 67

Why is the right kidney positioned lower in the abdomen than the left kidney?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 67

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the QUADRATUS LUMBORUM muscle.
ORIGIN: ❌
INSERTION: transverse processes of ❌ and inferior border of the ❌ rib
INNERVATION: anterior rami of ❌

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the PSOAS MAJOR muscle.
ORIGIN: transverse processes and ❌ of ❌
INSERTION: ❌ of the femur
INNERVATION: anterior rami of ❌

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the PSOAS MINOR muscle.
ORIGIN: ❌ of T12 and L1
INSERTION: ❌ of the ❌
INNERVATION: anterior ramus of ❌

Drag and drop the correct muscles to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the ILIACUS muscle.
ORIGIN: iliac ❌ and ❌
INSERTION: ❌ of the femur
INNERVATION: femoral nerve ❌

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the course of drainage of urine from the kidney.
1. The ❌ of the ❌ contain the ends of the ❌.
2. These open up into ❌ which merge to form ❌.
3. These merge to form the ❌.
4. This leaves the hilum ❌ to the blood vessels and becomes the ❌.