The Vertebral Column: Osteology

Question 1 of 54

1

Approximately how many bones make up the vertebral column?

Select one of the following:

33
40
22
12

Explanation

Question 2 of 54

1

Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?

Select one or more of the following:

Axial support of the body above the pelvis
Protection of the spinal cord
Posture and movement
Protection of the internal organs
Protection of the cerebrospinal fluid

Explanation

Question 3 of 54

1

What is the advantage of the vertebral column consisting of several slightly mobile linkages rather than only a few highly mobile articulations?

Select one of the following:

Stability and flexibility
Better protection of the spinal cord
Better protection of the internal organs
Less flexible

Explanation

Question 4 of 54

1

Which segments of the vertebral column retain the primary curve seen in the original foetal curvature of the spine?

Select one or more of the following:

Thoracic spine
Sacrococcygeal spine
Cervical spine
Lumbar spine

Explanation

Question 5 of 54

1

Which segments of the vertebral column develop into secondary curves when the child begins to hold their head up, followed by when the child begins to walk?

Select one or more of the following:

Cervical spine
Lumbar spine
Thoracic spine
Sacrococcygeal spine

Explanation

Question 6 of 54

1

Which segments of the vertebral column are described as kyphotic?

Select one or more of the following:

Thoracic
Cervical
Lumbar
Sacral

Explanation

Question 7 of 54

1

Which segments of the vertebral column are described as lordotic?

Select one or more of the following:

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

Explanation

Question 8 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this thoracic vertebra from a superior view.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Spinous process

Superior articular facet

Transverse process

Transverse costal facet

Pedicle

Lamina

Vertebral foramen

Superior costal facet

Explanation

Question 9 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this lateral view of a thoracic vertebra.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Superior costal facet

Inferior costal facet

Superior vertebral notch

Superior articular facet

Pedicle

Inferior vertebral notch

Inferior articular facet

Spinous process

Transverse costal facet

Explanation

Question 10 of 54

1

What do the inferior and superior vertebral notches form?

Select one of the following:

Intervertebral foramina
Transverse foramina
Vertebral foramina
Pedicles

Explanation

Question 11 of 54

1

Which component of the vertebrae is the weight-bearing component?

Select one of the following:

Vertebral body
Vertebral arch
Pedicles
Spinous processes

Explanation

Question 12 of 54

1

What structure of bone will you find in the internal structure of the vertebral body?

Select one of the following:

Hollow bone
Vertical columns of solid bone
Trabeculated structure
Outer cortical bone filled with hyaline cartilage

Explanation

Question 13 of 54

1

What aspect of the vertebrae forms the vertebral foramen in combination with the vertebral body?

Select one of the following:

Vertebral arch
Pedicles
Spinous processes
Transverse processes

Explanation

Question 14 of 54

1

The vertebral foramina all align to form...

Select one of the following:

The vertebral canal
The central canal
The intervertebral foramina
The vertebral column

Explanation

Question 15 of 54

1

What is the function of the laminae and pedicles?

Select one of the following:

Transmit forces from the articular processes to the body
Receive forces transmitted from the body
Support body weight directly
Form the intervertebral foramina

Explanation

Question 16 of 54

1

What can the transverse and spinous processes of the vertebral column act as?

Select one of the following:

Sites of muscular attachment
Sites of articulation between adjacent vertebrae
Weight-bearers
Support the intervertebral discs

Explanation

Question 17 of 54

1

The following questions will be about the cervical spine. How many cervical vertebrae have?

Select one of the following:

7
12
5
8

Explanation

Question 18 of 54

1

Which of the following best describes the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Bifid
Long and inferior protruding
Short and thick
Trifid

Explanation

Question 19 of 54

1

Each transverse process of the cervical vertebrae has an additional opening - the transverse foramen. What is the function of the transverse foramina?

Select one of the following:

Route for the vertebral arteries into the brain
Route for the carotid arteries into the brain
Route for the exit of the spinal nerves
House the spinal cord

Explanation

Question 20 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this diagram of a cervical vertebra.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Bifid spinous process

Vertebral foramen

Lamina

Superior articular process

Transverse process

Transverse foramen

Body

Groove for spinal nerve

Pedicle

Explanation

Question 21 of 54

1

Which is true of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas?

Select one of the following:

No body or spinous process
No pedicles
No transverse processes
No transverse foramina

Explanation

Question 22 of 54

1

The first cervical vertebra, the atlas, has the longest and most laterally extended transverse processes of the C spine.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 23 of 54

1

Why are the superior articular processes of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas, deeply curved?

Select one of the following:

Articulation with the occipotal condyles of the skull
Articulation with the axis
Articulation with the mandible
Provide a groove for the exit of the spinal nerve

Explanation

Question 24 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the first cervical vertebra, the atlas.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Dens

Anterior arch

Superior articular facet

Transverse foramen

Transverse ligament

Posterior arch

Transverse process

Explanation

Question 25 of 54

1

What is the function of the second cervical vertebrae, the axis?

Select one of the following:

Axis of rotation for turning the head
Supports the skull
Supports the vertebral arteries
Supports the upper 6 cervical vertebrae

Explanation

Question 26 of 54

1

What is the odontoid process/dens of the second cervical vertebra, the axis?

Select one of the following:

Projection extending upwards which is held to C1 via the transverse ligament
Long spinous process which is palpable from the skin
Long transverse process extending to the right body
Long spinous proccess projecting upwards towards the skull instead of downwards

Explanation

Question 27 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the second cervical vertebra, the axis.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Odontoid process/dens

Superior articular facet

Transverse foramen

Lamina

Spinous process

Transverse process

Explanation

Question 28 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the force transmission down the cervical spine.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Occipital condyles

Atlas C1

Axis C2

C3

C4

Weight of head

Explanation

Question 29 of 54

1

Why is the seventh cervical vertebra referred to as the vertebra prominens?

Select one of the following:

It has a long spinous process which is palpable from the skin
It has the longest, most lateral transverse processes of the cervical spine
It has the largest body of the cervical spine
Its transverse processes don't have transverse foramina

Explanation

Question 30 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the cervical spine as shown here.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Dens of axis

C7 vertebra prominens

Transverse process

Bifid spinous process

Inferior articular process

C3

C2 axis

C1 atlas

Transverse ligament

Explanation

Question 31 of 54

1

The following questions will be about the thoracic spine. How many thoracic vertebrae do we have?

Select one of the following:

12
8
7
5

Explanation

Question 32 of 54

1

The thoracic vertebrae have smaller bodies than the cervical vertebrae.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 33 of 54

1

What is significant about the thoracic vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Long spinous process with pronounced downward angle
Long spinous process with pronounced upward angle
Long transverse processes
Triangular shaped vertebral foramen

Explanation

Question 34 of 54

1

What is the function of the long spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Limits flexion by overlapping with the next spinous process
Contains facets for articulations of the rib
Transmits force onto the body of the vertebra
Transmits force onto the rib

Explanation

Question 35 of 54

1

The thoracic vertebrae have additional facets on their transverse processes. What do these articulate with?

Select one of the following:

The tubercles of the ribs
The head of the ribs
The superior thoracic vertebra
The inferior thoracic vertebra

Explanation

Question 36 of 54

1

What is significant about the T11 and T12 vertebrae compared to the rest of the thoracic spine?

Select one of the following:

Costal facet in the middle of the body rather than superior
Costal facet at the superior of the body rather than the middle
No costal facets
No spinous process

Explanation

Question 37 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this thoracic vertebra from a superior view.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Body

Vertebral foramen

Superior costal facet

Pedicle

Superior vertebral notch

Superior articular facet

Spinous process

Lamina

Transverse costal facet

Explanation

Question 38 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe this thoracic vertebra from a lateral view.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Inferior costal facet

Body

Superior costal facet

Inferior vertebral notch

Inferior articular process

Transverse process

Transverse costal facet

Pedicle

Spinous process

Superior articular process

Explanation

Question 39 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the thoracic spine and how the ribs articulate with it.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Superior articular facets

Transverse costal facet

Superior costal facet

Vertebral body

Transverse processes

Spinous process

Angle of rib

Inferior costal facet

Tubercle of rib

Neck of rib

Intervertebral disc

Head of rib

Explanation

Question 40 of 54

1

The following questions will be about the lumbar spine. How many lumbar vertebrae do we have?

Select one of the following:

5
7
8
12

Explanation

Question 41 of 54

1

The vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae are the largest and thickest of the entire vertebral column.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 42 of 54

1

What happens to the vertebral foramina the further down the lumbar spine you go?

Select one of the following:

Become more triangular
Become more circular
Become narrower
Become wider

Explanation

Question 43 of 54

1

Which is true of the transverse and spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Short
Long and narrow
Long and blunt
Nonexistent

Explanation

Question 44 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the lumbar vertebra shown here.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Spinous process

Superior articular process

Accessory process

Lamina

Transverse process

Vertebral body

Spinal canal

Pedicle

Explanation

Question 45 of 54

1

At what level does the spinal cord terminate?

Select one of the following:

L2
L3
L4
L5

Explanation

Question 46 of 54

1

Which is true of the sacrum?

Select one of the following:

5 individual vertebrae
5 individual vertebrae that fuse by adulthood
5 individual vertebrae that fuse by puberty
5 individual vertebrae that fuse in the first 2 years of life

Explanation

Question 47 of 54

1

The sacrum has pairs of anterior and posterior formaina that provide roots for the exit of spinal nerves in place of transverse foramina.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 48 of 54

1

What is the median sacral crest a remnant of?

Select one of the following:

The fused spinous processes
The fused transverse processes
The fused vertebral bodies
The fused costal facets

Explanation

Question 49 of 54

1

What is the lateral sacral crest a remnant of?

Select one of the following:

The fused transverse processes
The fused spinous processes
The fused vertebral bodies
The fused costal facets

Explanation

Question 50 of 54

1

What are the transverse ridges of the sacrum remnants of?

Select one of the following:

The fused intervertebral discs
The fused transverse processes
The fused spinous processes
The fused costal facets

Explanation

Question 51 of 54

1

What is the name given to the superior anterior projection of bone forming the posterior margin of the pelvic inlet?

Select one of the following:

The sacral promontory
The superior sacral surface
The ala
The sacroiliac joint

Explanation

Question 52 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the sacrum.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Sacral promontory

Body of first sacral vertebra

Transverse ridges

Anterior sacral foramina

Apex

Coccyx

Sacral canal

Body

Superior articular process

Auricular surfaces

Lateral sacral crest

Median sacral crest

Posterior sacral foramina

Sacral hiatus

Explanation

Question 53 of 54

1

How many individual vertebrae fuse to form the coccyx?

Select one of the following:

4
6
8
3

Explanation

Question 54 of 54

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the coccyx.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Coccygeal cornua

Transverse process

Superior articular facet

	Created by Charlotte Jakes about 4 years ago

University Functional Anatomy and Embryology Quiz on The Vertebral Column: Osteology, created by Charlotte Jakes on 06/05/2020.

The Vertebral Column: Osteology

The Vertebral Column: Osteology

Question 1 of 54

Approximately how many bones make up the vertebral column?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 54

Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 54

What is the advantage of the vertebral column consisting of several slightly mobile linkages rather than only a few highly mobile articulations?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 54

Which segments of the vertebral column retain the primary curve seen in the original foetal curvature of the spine?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 54

Which segments of the vertebral column develop into secondary curves when the child begins to hold their head up, followed by when the child begins to walk?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 54

Which segments of the vertebral column are described as kyphotic?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 54

Which segments of the vertebral column are described as lordotic?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 54

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this thoracic vertebra from a superior view.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 9 of 54

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this lateral view of a thoracic vertebra.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 10 of 54

What do the inferior and superior vertebral notches form?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 54

Which component of the vertebrae is the weight-bearing component?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 54

What structure of bone will you find in the internal structure of the vertebral body?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 54

What aspect of the vertebrae forms the vertebral foramen in combination with the vertebral body?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 54

The vertebral foramina all align to form...

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 54

What is the function of the laminae and pedicles?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 54

What can the transverse and spinous processes of the vertebral column act as?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 54

The following questions will be about the cervical spine. How many cervical vertebrae have?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 54

Which of the following best describes the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 54

Each transverse process of the cervical vertebrae has an additional opening - the transverse foramen. What is the function of the transverse foramina?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 54