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Test of Nuclear Medicine- Oncology 5th Year PMU

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Test of Nuclear Medicine- Oncology 5th Year PMU

Question 1 of 50

1

Which are the main goals of nuclear oncology

Select one of the following:

  • Imaging of the functional activity and the degree of proliferation of the tumor

  • The degree of malignant tumor spread: lymphogenic and haematogenic

  • Imaging and quantitative assessment of the effect from chemo- and hormone-therapy

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

The scanning systems used in nuclear medicine are based on the principle of

Select one of the following:

  • Emission of Gamma-rays from the scanning system

  • Transition of Roentgen-rays through the patient's body

  • Detection of Gamma-rays or positron emission (pairs of annihilation Gamma-rays) emitted from the studied object

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

Which methods of nuclear medicine are used for diagnosis of malignant tumours

Select one of the following:

  • PET/CT

  • Gamma camera scintigraphy

  • Radioimmunoassay of tumour markers

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

Nuclear medicine diagnosis provides

Select one of the following:

  • Metabolic imaging

  • Quantitative assessment of physiological processes in the human body

  • Targeted planning of radiotherapy

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

Nuclear medicine applies

Select one of the following:

  • Unsealed radioactive sources for medical diagnosis

  • Unsealed radioactive sources for radiotherapy

  • Sealed radioactive sources for medical diagnosis and therapy

  • Correct answers- a) and b)

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

PET/CT is a multimodality system combining

Select one of the following:

  • PET scanner with low-dose CT for improvement of the quality and precise localization of the functional image

  • PET scanner with possibility for additional targeted diagnostic contrast CT

  • Acquisition and fusion of functional and structural-anatomic images

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

CT and PET scans demonstrate different aspects of disease indicating regions with

Select one of the following:

  • Altered metabolism (PET) and areas of structural change (CT)

  • Altered metabolism (CT) and areas of structural change (PET)

  • Altered metabolism (PET) and areas of structural change (PET)

  • Altered metabolism (CT) and areas of structural change (CT)

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

Which of the following diagnostic methods belong to modern Nuclear medicine

Select one of the following:

  • PET/CT

  • SPECT/CT

  • PET/MRI

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

Which radionuclides are used for metabolic brachytherapy

Select one of the following:

  • High-energy γ (Gamma) emitters

  • β- (Beta)-emitters

  • β- (Beta) and γ (Gamma)-emitters

  • Correct answers — b) and c)

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

1

Nuclear medicine methods are used for

Select one of the following:

  • Diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases

  • Treatment of benign diseases

  • Treatment of malignant diseases

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

PET /CT imaging has demonstrated significant application in the following clinical areas EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • Oncology

  • Cardiology

  • Pulmonology

  • Neurology

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

Which radiopharmaceuticals are used for tumor-specific imaging

Select one of the following:

  • 131 I- NaI

  • III In-Octreoscan

  • 99m Tc-Tetrofosmin

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

Malignant tumors present on scintigraphy with tumor-specific radiopharmaceuticals as

Select one of the following:

  • Zones of increased uptake of the radiopharmaceuticals

  • Zones of decreased uptake of the radiopharmaceuticals

  • Zones of absent uptake of the radiopharmaceuticals

  • Zones of normal uptake of the radiopharmaceuticals

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

The most frequently used radiopharmaceutical for PET/CT imaging is

Select one of the following:

  • 18F-FDG

  • 99mTc-Pertechnetate

  • 131-Iodine — Nal

  • No correct answer

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

The PET scanner is detector of

Select one of the following:

  • Alfa-particles

  • Beta-particles

  • Pairs of annihilation Gamma rays

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

Bone scintigraphy is

Select one of the following:

  • Highly specific diagnostic method

  • Highly sensitive diagnostic method

  • Highly sensitive and highly specific diagnostic method

  • Non-sensitive and non-specific diagnostic method

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

The main indication for bone scintigraphy is

Select one of the following:

  • Inflammatory bore disorders

  • Early detection of bone metastases

  • Benign bone tumors

  • Degenerative joint disorders

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

Metabolic brachytherapy with Metastron (89 Stroncium) is applied in patients with

Select one of the following:

  • Bone metastases

  • Pulmonary metastases

  • Brain metastases

  • Liver metastases

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

Contraindication for metabolic brachytherapy in patients with metastatic bone disease is

Select one of the following:

  • Advanced stage of the disease

  • Considerable myelo-depression

  • Inflammatory conditions

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

Differentiated Thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy and manifested distant haematogenic metastases is treated successfully with

Select one of the following:

  • Operation

  • Radioiodine metabolic brachytherapy

  • Chemotherapy

  • Electron therapy

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

Which of the following statements describing 18-F FDG PET imaging in thyroid carcinoma is FALSE

Select one of the following:

  • 18-F FDG PET can be negative in well differentiated types

  • 18-F FDG PET negative lesions are more likely to be resistant to 1-131 treatment

  • 18-F FDG uptake is proportional to Iodine uptake

  • 18-F FDG PET may not be accurate in patient with Tg levels below 2 ng/ dL

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

The most specific method for follow-up after treatment of Differentiated thyroid cancer is

Select one of the following:

  • Roentgenography

  • Thyroglobulin

  • Whole-body scintigraphy with 131-Iodine

  • Correct answers — b) and c)

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

A Thyroid cancer presents on the conventional scintigram with 99mTc as

Select one of the following:

  • Hot nodule

  • Warm nodule

  • Cold nodule

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

Which histologic types of Thyroid cancer COULD NOT be treated with 131-Iodine metabolic brachytherapy

Select one of the following:

  • Papillary

  • Follicular

  • Medullary and anaplastic

  • Correct answers — a) and b)

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

An oncology patient referred for PET/CT should fast prior to the appointment for at least

Select one of the following:

  • 12h

  • 8h

  • 4h

  • 2h

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

The recommended time interval for PET/CT. imaging after biopsy is

Select one of the following:

  • 1 week

  • 2-4 weeks

  • 2-6 months

  • more than 6 months

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

In order to avoid false-positive results, FDG PET/ CT scans should be performed

Select one of the following:

  • 1-2 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy

  • 2-4 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy

  • 4-6 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy

  • 6-8 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

False-negative PET/CT scans in lung cancer imaging occur predominantly because of

Select one of the following:

  • Lesions are too big to be evaluated by PET

  • Lesions are too superficial to be evaluated by PET

  • Lesions are too small to be evaluated by PET

  • Lesions are too deep to be evaluated by PET

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

F-18 FDG PET/CT is considered as a superior modality, compared with CT for evaluating post-treatment response in lymphoma patients because of

Select one of the following:

  • The ability to provide anatomical information

  • The ability to differentiate viable tumour from fibrosis

  • Higher resolution

  • Shorter imaging

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

A breast-feeding patient referred for PET/CT imaging should

Select one of the following:

  • Discontinue breast-feeding 12 h before injection of radiotracer

  • Discontinue breast-feeding 6 h before injection of radiotracer

  • Discontinue breast-feeding for at least 6 h after injection of radiotracer

  • Discontinue breast-feeding for at least 12 h after injection of radiotracer

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

A PET quantifier, calculated as the tracer activity concentration within a volume of interest divided by the injected dose per unit body weight is

Select one of the following:

  • Fractional uptake value

  • Standardized upload value

  • Standardized uptake value

  • Fractionai upload value

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

The Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) is

Select one of the following:

  • The measured activity divided by the body mass

  • The amount of tracer needed for a particular body weight

  • The measured activity normalized for body weight and inject dose

  • The measured activity within a particular organ divided by the sampled volume

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

For optimal patient care and interpretation of FDG PET/CT images, the following information from the patient should be obtained

Select one of the following:

  • Breast-feeding info

  • Recent surgery info

  • Use of medication info

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

FDG PET/CT provides beneficial information in all of the following areas of lymphoma evaluation EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • Diagnosis

  • Response to therapy

  • Recurrence detection

  • Staging

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

Which of the following statements correctly explains the influence of FDG PET/CT imaging on staging in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma

Select one of the following:

  • Upstaging of approximately 15-25 % of patients

  • Down-staging in a small minority of patients

  • Upstaging in a small minority of patients

  • Down-staging of approximately 15-25 % of patients

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

All of the following are well-established indications for FDG PET/CT imaging in patients with recurrent colorectal carcinoma EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • Falling CEA levels in the absence of a known source

  • Staging recurrent colorectal carcinoma

  • Preoperative staging

  • Equivocal lesion on conventional imaging

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

When monitoring response to treatment with FDG PET/CT Imaging is essential to obtain

Select one of the following:

  • Baseline FDG PET/CT scan

  • Interim FDG PET/CT scan

  • FDG PET/CT scan on the last day of therapy

  • FDG PET/CT scan two days after therapy

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

FDG uptake by cancer cells tends to decline as

Select one of the following:

  • Blood glucose and insulin levels decrease

  • Blood glucose level decrease and insulin levels increase

  • Blood glucose and insulin levels increase

  • Blood glucose level increase and insulin levels decrease

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

All of the following statements describe the usefulness of FDG PET/CT imaging in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • FDG PET/CT reduces the number of futile surgical procedures

  • FDG PET/CT imaging is useful for guiding needle biopsy

  • FDG PET/CT increases the accuracy of overall MPM staging

  • High levels of FDG uptake are associated with a favourable prognosis

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

The intensity of FDG uptake in the majority of mesotheliomas

Select one of the following:

  • Ranges from absent to low

  • Ranges from low to moderate

  • Ranges from moderate to high

  • Is always high

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

Selected tumours with low FDG uptake include all of the following EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • Prostate carcinoma

  • Iodine-avid differentiated thyroid carcinoma

  • Metastatic liver carcinoma

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

All of the following statements correctly describe the postsurgical 18-F FDG uptake at the intervention site EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • Postsurgical 18-F FDG uptake is mainly diffuse

  • Postsurgical 18-F FDG uptake corresponds to the site of surgery

  • Postsurgical 18-F FDG uptake increases in intensity with time

  • Postsurgical 18-F FDG uptake in size with time

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

18-F FDG PET/CT should be performed on patients previously treated for differentiated thyroid cancer when the finding of 131-I whole body scintigraphy are negative and

Select one of the following:

  • The thyroglobuline (Tg) levels are more than 10 ng/ mL

  • The thyroglobuline (Tg) levels are less than 10 ng/ mL

  • The TSH levels are more than 30 mIU/L

  • The TSH levels are less than 30 mIU/ L

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

FDG PET/CT findings in anaplastic thyroid cancer can be described by all of the following EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • FDG PET/CT defines the local extent of disease and the presence of metastases

  • A positive PET/CT scan after therapy is linked with longer survival

  • FDG PET/CT have an impact on patients' management

  • Intense FDG uptake and volume are prognostic for a bad outcome

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

FDG PET/CT used in patients with suspected and residual/ recurrent gliomas is limited by

Select one of the following:

  • The low 18-F FDG uptake in normal brain tissue

  • The high 18-F FDG uptake in normal brain tissue

  • The low 18-F FDG uptake in tumour tissue

  • The high 18-F FDG uptake in tumour tissue

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

18-F FDG PET imaging is NOT indicated for initial staging of

Select one of the following:

  • Breast cancer

  • Hodgkin's lymphoma

  • Prostate cancer

  • Lung cancer

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

Which of the following statements describing 18-F FDG PET in the diagnostic work-up of patients with melanoma is FALSE

Select one of the following:

  • FDG PET is a standard modality in evaluation of recurrent melanoma

  • Melanin content influences lesion detectability by FDG PET

  • FDG PET is most valuable in stage III disease

  • FDG PET is more accurate for systemic staging than regional staging

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

Ovarian uptake of 18-F FDG in a postmenopausal patient indicates

Select one of the following:

  • A normal finding

  • Malignancy

  • Pregnancy

  • Benign ovarian cyst

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

1

F-18 FDG focal uptake seen 6 months after completion of radiation therapy should be considered as

Select one of the following:

  • Tumour recurrence

  • Normal finding

  • Radiation necrosis

  • Radiation pneumonitis

Explanation

Question 50 of 50

1

According to the PERCIST (PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumours) criteria for treatment response evaluation, the changes in SUVs should be assessed as

Select one of the following:

  • Percentage change in the same lesion

  • Percentage change in the “hottest” lesion

  • Value change in the same lesion

  • Value change in the “hottest” lesion

Explanation

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