The Chest Wall

Question 1 of 70

1

The following questions will be about the thoracic cage. First, drag and drop the correct labels to describe the bones of the thoracic cage.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

1st sternocostal joint

True ribs (1-7)

False ribs (8-12)

Jugular notch

Clavicular notch

Manubrium of the sternum

Sternal angle

Body of the sternum

Xiphisternal joint

Xiphoid process

Intercostal spaces

Costal cartilage

Costal margin

Floating ribs (11 and 12)

Explanation

Question 2 of 70

1

On the lateral edges of the manubrium, there is a facet for articulation with...

Select one of the following:

The first rib
The second rib
The clavicle
The body of the sternum

Explanation

Question 3 of 70

1

What occurs on the manubrium which will articulate with the second rib?

Select one of the following:

Facet
Demi-facet
Tubercle
Spine

Explanation

Question 4 of 70

1

The sternal angle marks the articulation of the manubrium with the body of the sternum. What else does it mark?

Select one of the following:

The level of the second rib's costal cartilage
The level of the first rib's costal cartilage
The level of the clavicle
The level of the carina

Explanation

Question 5 of 70

1

Which ribs articulate with the body of the sternum?

Select one of the following:

Ribs 2-7
Ribs 1-2
Ribs 3-6
Ribs 1-12

Explanation

Question 6 of 70

1

At what level is the tip of the xiphisternum found?

Select one of the following:

T10
T11
T12
L1

Explanation

Question 7 of 70

1

The xiphisternum is a largely cartilaginous structure which ossifies completely around the age of 40.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 8 of 70

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the sternum.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Clavicular notch

Jugular notch

Costal cartilage of 1st rib

Manubrium

Sternal angle

Body of sternum

Xiphisternal joint

Xiphoid process

Costal notches

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

Explanation

Question 9 of 70

1

What is meant by a 'true rib'?

Select one of the following:

A rib that attaches to the sternum directly via a synovial joint
A rib that attaches to the costal cartilage of another rib by a synovial joint and thus does not articulate with the sternum directly
A rib with a complete lack of anterior attachment
A rib that attaches to the costal cartilage of another rib by a secondary cartilaginous joint and thus does not articulate with the sternum directly

Explanation

Question 10 of 70

1

What is meant by a 'false' rib?

Select one of the following:

A rib that attaches to the costal cartilage of another rib via a synovial joint with its costal cartilage and thus does not articulate with the sternum directly
A rib that attaches directly to the sternum via a synovial joint
A rib that attaches to the costal cartilage of another rib via a secondary cartilaginous joint with its costal cartilage and thus does not articulate with the sternum directly
A rib that has a complete lack of anterior attachment

Explanation

Question 11 of 70

1

Floating ribs...

Select one of the following:

Lack any anterior attachment
Lack any posterior attachment
Only attach to the superior ribs
Form synovial joints directly with the sternum

Explanation

Question 12 of 70

1

Which ribs are the true ribs?

Select one of the following:

1-7
1-10
1-8
1-5

Explanation

Question 13 of 70

1

Which ribs are the false ribs?

Select one of the following:

8-12
10-12
11 and 12
7-12

Explanation

Question 14 of 70

1

Which ribs are the floating ribs?

Select one of the following:

1 and 2
11 and 12
8-12
1-7

Explanation

Question 15 of 70

1

The typical rib consists of a head, neck and body/shaft. Where does the tubercle of the typical rib occur?

Select one of the following:

Where the neck meets the body
Where the neck meets the head
Where the body meets the head
At the end of the head

Explanation

Question 16 of 70

1

How many articular facets does the typical rib have on its head?

Select one of the following:

2
1
3
4

Explanation

Question 17 of 70

1

Which is true of the articular facets on the heads of the typical ribs?

Select one of the following:

One articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebra and the other articulates with the vertebra above
One articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebra and the other articulates with the vertebra below
One articular facet articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebra
One articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebra and the other articulates with the transverse process of the same vertebra

Explanation

Question 18 of 70

1

What does the tubercle of the typical rib articulate with?

Select one of the following:

The transverse process of the corresponding vertebra
The superior costal facet of the corresponding vertebra
The inferior costal facet of the corresponding vertebra
The spinous process of the corresponding vertebra

Explanation

Question 19 of 70

1

What occurs on the internal surface of the typical rib to house the intercostal vein, artery and nerve?

Select one of the following:

Costal groove
Costal notch
Costal sulcus
Intercostal groove

Explanation

Question 20 of 70

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this typical rib.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Superior articular facet

Inferior articular facet

Head

Neck

Tubercle

Facet

Angle

Costal groove

Explanation

Question 21 of 70

1

Which ribs are described as 'atypical' as they have features that are not common to all the ribs?

Select one or more of the following:

1
2
3
4
11
12
7
8
9
10

Explanation

Question 22 of 70

1

How many facets occur on the head of the atypical rib 1?

Select one of the following:

1
2
4
3

Explanation

Question 23 of 70

1

There are two grooves on the superior surface of the 1st rib. Why?

Select one of the following:

Houses the subclavian vessels
Houses the intercostal nerve, artery and vein
Attaches the middle scalene muscle
Attaches the anterior scalene muscle

Explanation

Question 24 of 70

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the anatomy of the atypical first rib and its muscular attachments.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Subclavius muscle

Grooves for subclavian vessels

Anterior scalene muscle

Serratus anterior muscle

Middle scalene muscle

Tubercle

Neck

Head

Explanation

Question 25 of 70

1

How many articular facets does the atypical rib 2 have on its head?

Select one of the following:

1
2
3
4

Explanation

Question 26 of 70

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the anatomy of the second rib and its muscular attachments.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Head

Neck

Tubercle

Angle

Posterior scalene muscle

Serratus anterior

Explanation

Question 27 of 70

1

Why is the 10th rib described as atypical?

Select one of the following:

The 10th rib only has one facet on its head
The 10th rib has no tubercle
The 10th rib has no subcostal groove
The 10th rib has three facets on its head

Explanation

Question 28 of 70

1

The 11th and 12th ribs have no neck.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 29 of 70

1

How many articular facets occur on the heads of the 11th and 12th ribs?

Select one of the following:

1
2
3
4

Explanation

Question 30 of 70

1

Which ribs operate via a 'pump-handle' motion during ventilation?

Select one of the following:

True ribs
False ribs

Explanation

Question 31 of 70

1

Which ribs operate via a 'bucket-handle' motion during ventilation?

Select one of the following:

True ribs
False ribs

Explanation

Question 32 of 70

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to show how the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Superior articular facets

Costal demifacet for 10th rib

Articular facet of 6th rib's tubercle

Transverse processes

Spinous process

Axis of rib rotation

Tubercle of rib

Vertebral body

Head of rib

Intervertebral disc

Explanation

Question 33 of 70

1

Which thoracic vertebra's superior facet will not be a demifacet?

Select one of the following:

T1
T10
T11 and 12
T7

Explanation

Question 34 of 70

1

Which vertebrae has a single pair of whole facets across the vertebral body and pedicle?

Select one of the following:

T10
T11 and T12
T1
T2

Explanation

Question 35 of 70

1

Which vertebra has a single pair of entire costal facets located on the pedicles?

Select one of the following:

T11 and T12
T10
T1
T7

Explanation

Question 36 of 70

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the ligaments of the ribs.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Transverse process (cut)

Radiate ligament

Costotransverse ligament

Lateral costotransverse ligament

Superior costotransverse ligament

Intertransverse ligament

Explanation

Question 37 of 70

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the ligaments of the rib shown in this transverse section.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Synovial cavities

Radiate ligament

Interarticular ligament

Superior articular facet

Superior costotransverse ligament (cut)

Costotransverse ligament

Lateral costotransverse ligament

Explanation

Question 38 of 70

1

The following questions will be about the muscles of the chest wall and thorax. First, drag and drop the correct labels to describe the layers of the chest wall.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Lung

Pleural cavity

Visceral pleura

Parietal pleura

Serratus anterior

External intercostal muscle

Internal intercostal muscle

Innermost intercostal muscle

Skin

Superficial fascia

Intercostal vein

Intercostal artery

Intercostal nerve

Collateral branches

Endothoracic fascia

Explanation

Question 39 of 70

1

The following questions will be on the diaphragm. Which of the following are the peripheral attachments of the diaphragm?

Select one or more of the following:

Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10
Direct articulation with ribs 11 and 12
Xiphisternum
Lumbar vertebrae and arcuate ligaments
Direct articulate with ribs 7-10
Body of the sternum
Thoracic vertebrae

Explanation

Question 40 of 70

1

The right and left crura of the diaphragm are tendinous in structure. Where does the right crus of the diaphragm arise from?

Select one of the following:

L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs
L1 and L2 and their intervertebral discs
Transverse processes of L1
Xiphisternum

Explanation

Question 41 of 70

1

The right and left crura of the diaphragm are tendinous in structure. Where does the right crus of the diaphragm arise from?

Select one of the following:

L1 and L2 and their intervertebral discs
L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs
Xiphisternum
Ribs 1 and 2

Explanation

Question 42 of 70

1

The fibres of which crus of the diaphragm surround the oesophageal opening to form a physiological sphincter?

Select one of the following:

Right crus
Left crus

Explanation

Question 43 of 70

1

What do the fibres of the diaphragm combine to form, which ascends to fuse with the interior surface of the fibrous pericardium?

Select one of the following:

Central tendon
Right and left crura
Diaphragmatic pericardium
Right and left domes

Explanation

Question 44 of 70

1

Why does the right dome of the diaphragm sit higher than the left?

Select one of the following:

Presence of the liver
There is no heart on the right side
Presence of the stomach
Different embryological origins

Explanation

Question 45 of 70

1

The caval hiatus (T8) acts as a conduit for...

Select one or more of the following:

Inferior vena cava
Terminal branches of right phrenic nerve
Oesophagus
Right and left vagus nerve
Oesophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein
Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein

Explanation

Question 46 of 70

1

The oesophageal hiatus (T10) in the diaphragm acts as a conduit for...

Select one or more of the following:

Oesophagus
Right and left vagus nerves
Oesophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein
Inferior vena cava
Terminal branches of right phrenic nerve
Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein

Explanation

Question 47 of 70

1

The aortic hiatus (T12) acts as a conduit for...

Select one or more of the following:

Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein
Oesophagus
Right and left vagus nerves
Oesophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein
Inferior vena cava
Terminal branches of right phrenic nerve

Explanation

Question 48 of 70

1

The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 49 of 70

1

When does the diaphragm contract and flatten?

Select one of the following:

Inspiration
Expiration

Explanation

Question 50 of 70

1

The left and right hemidiaphragms receive innervation from left and right phrenic nerves respectively.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 51 of 70

1

What spinal roots supply the phrenic nerves?

Select one of the following:

C3, C4, C5
C1 and C2
C6 and C7
C2, C3, C4

Explanation

Question 52 of 70

1

The majority of the arterial supply to the diaphragm is achieved by the inferior phrenic arteries. Where do these arise from?

Select one of the following:

Abdominal aorta
Thoracic aorta
Renal arteries
Coeliac trunk

Explanation

Question 53 of 70

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the diaphragm from a posterior view.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Central tendon

Vena caval opening

Medial arcuate ligament

Lateral arcuate ligament

Right crus

Left crus

Aortic opening

Oesophageal opening

Costal fibres

Sternal fibres

Explanation

Question 54 of 70

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the diaphram and surrounding neurovasculature.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Left phrenic nerve

Left pericardiacophrenic artery

Right phrenic nerve

Right pericardiacophrenic artery

Right vagus nerve

Oesophagus

Inferior vena cava

Central tendon

Phrenic nerves

Inferior phrenic arteries

Left vagus nerve

Internal thoracic arteries

Oesophageal hiatus

Aortic hiatus

Superior epigastric artery

Musculophrenic artery

Right crus

Abdominal aorta

Explanation

Question 55 of 70

1

The following questions will be on the muscles of the thoracic wall. How many external intercostal muscle pairs do we have?

Select one of the following:

11
12
13
14

Explanation

Question 56 of 70

1

The external intercostal muscles are continuous with the external oblique of the abdomen

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 57 of 70

1

What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?

Select one of the following:

Elevation of the ribs during inspiration
Depression of the ribs during expiration

Explanation

Question 58 of 70

1

In what orientation do the fibres of the external intercostals run from the superior rib to the rib below?

Select one of the following:

Inferoanteriorly
Inferoposteriorly

Explanation

Question 59 of 70

1

What are the internal intercostal muscles continuous with?

Select one of the following:

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

Explanation

Question 60 of 70

1

In what orientation do the fibres of the internal intercostal muscles run from the superior rib to the rib below?

Select one of the following:

Inferoposteriorly
Inferioanteriorly

Explanation

Question 61 of 70

1

The interosseus part of the internal intercostals elevates the ribcage whilst the interchrondral part depresses the ribcage.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 62 of 70

1

What separates the innermost intercostal muscles from the internal intercostal muscles?

Select one of the following:

The intercostal neurovascular bundle
The external intercostal muscles
The serratus anterior muscle
The musculophrenic arteries

Explanation

Question 63 of 70

1

What does the interosseus part of the innermost intercostals do?

Select one of the following:

Depresses the ribcage
Elevates the ribcage

Explanation

Question 64 of 70

1

What does the interchondral part of the innermost intercostal muscles do?

Select one of the following:

Elevates the ribcage
Depresses the ribcage

Explanation

Question 65 of 70

1

What is the function of the transversus thoracis?

Select one of the following:

Weak depression of the ribs
Weak elevation of the ribs

Explanation

Question 66 of 70

1

The transversus thoracis are continuous with the transversus abdominis.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 67 of 70

1

The transversus thoracis arise from...

Select one of the following:

Posterior surface of inferior sternum
Anterior surface of inferior sternam
Internal surfaces of costal cartilages 2-6
External surfaces of costal cartilages 2-6

Explanation

Question 68 of 70

1

The transversus thoracis inserts at...

Select one of the following:

The internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6
The external surface of costal cartilages 2-6
The posterior surface of the inferior sternum
The anterior surface of the inferior sternum

Explanation

Question 69 of 70

1

Which muscles run from the internal surface of one rib to the second and third ribs below?

Select one of the following:

Subcostals
Transversus thoracis
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals

Explanation

Question 70 of 70

1

The subcostal muscles share the direction of fibres of the innermost intercostal muscles and the action of the intercostal muscles.

Select one of the following:

True
False

	Created by Charlotte Jakes about 4 years ago

Medicine Anatomy of Systems Quiz on The Chest Wall, created by Charlotte Jakes on 09/05/2020.

The Chest Wall

Question 1 of 70

The following questions will be about the thoracic cage. First, drag and drop the correct labels to describe the bones of the thoracic cage.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 2 of 70

On the lateral edges of the manubrium, there is a facet for articulation with...

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 70

What occurs on the manubrium which will articulate with the second rib?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 70

The sternal angle marks the articulation of the manubrium with the body of the sternum. What else does it mark?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 70

Which ribs articulate with the body of the sternum?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 70

At what level is the tip of the xiphisternum found?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 70

The xiphisternum is a largely cartilaginous structure which ossifies completely around the age of 40.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 70

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the sternum.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 9 of 70

What is meant by a 'true rib'?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 70

What is meant by a 'false' rib?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 70

Floating ribs...

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 70

Which ribs are the true ribs?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 70

Which ribs are the false ribs?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 70

Which ribs are the floating ribs?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 70

The typical rib consists of a head, neck and body/shaft. Where does the tubercle of the typical rib occur?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 70

How many articular facets does the typical rib have on its head?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 70

Which is true of the articular facets on the heads of the typical ribs?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 70

What does the tubercle of the typical rib articulate with?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 70

What occurs on the internal surface of the typical rib to house the intercostal vein, artery and nerve?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 70

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this typical rib.