The Tracheobronchial Tree and the Pleurae

Question 1 of 59

1

What marks the beginning of the tracheobronchial tree?

Select one of the following:

The trachea
The carina
The bronchi
The larynx

Explanation

Question 2 of 59

1

Where does the trachea arise?

Select one of the following:

At the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
At the carina
At the level of the 1st rib
At the level of C1

Explanation

Question 3 of 59

1

At what level does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left main bronchi?

Select one of the following:

Sternal angle (T4/T5)
T1
At the entry of the superior vena cava into the right atrium
At the gastrooesophageal junction

Explanation

Question 4 of 59

1

In what relation is the trachea compared to the oesophagus?

Select one of the following:

Anterior
Posterior

Explanation

Question 5 of 59

1

The trachea is held open by cartilage. What shape does this cartilage take?

Select one of the following:

C-shaped rings
Circular rings
Biconcave rings
U-shaped rings

Explanation

Question 6 of 59

1

What supports the free ends of the rings of cartilage that support the trachea?

Select one of the following:

Trachealis muscle
Collagen
The vertebrae
Adipose tissue

Explanation

Question 7 of 59

1

What type of epithelium will you find in the trachea and bronchi?

Select one of the following:

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Ciliated stratified squamous epithelium
Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium

Explanation

Question 8 of 59

1

The trachea and bronchi's epithelia are interspersed with goblet cells. What is the function of these goblet cells?

Select one of the following:

Produce mucous
Produce surfactant
Ciliated
Secrete antimicrobial enzymes

Explanation

Question 9 of 59

1

What name is given to the combined system which traps inhaled particles and pathogens and moves them up out of the airways to be swallowed and destroyed?

Select one of the following:

Mucociliary escalator
Ciliary system
Mucous system
Tracheobronchial escalator

Explanation

Question 10 of 59

1

What name is given to the ridge of cartilage at the bifurcation of the trachea which runs anteroposteriorly between the openings of the two bronchi?

Select one of the following:

Carina
Larynx
Pharynx
Cricothyroid cartilage

Explanation

Question 11 of 59

1

The carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea for triggering the cough reflex.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 12 of 59

1

What provides the trachea with sensory innervation?

Select one of the following:

Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left vagus nerve
Right vagus nerve
Cervical plexus

Explanation

Question 13 of 59

1

The trachea is vascularised by the tracheal branches of the...

Select one of the following:

Inferior thyroid artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary arteries

Explanation

Question 14 of 59

1

Which of the following provide the venous drainage of the trachea?

Select one or more of the following:

Brachiocephalic veins
Azygos vein
Accessory hemiazygos vein
Coeliac trunk

Explanation

Question 15 of 59

1

Which main bronchus is wider, shorter, and descends more vertically than its counterpart?

Select one of the following:

Right main bronchus
Left main bronchus

Explanation

Question 16 of 59

1

In which main bronchus is there a higher incidence of foreign body inhalation?

Select one of the following:

Right main bronchus
Left main bronchus

Explanation

Question 17 of 59

1

The right superior lobar bronchus arises before the right main bronchus enters the hilum of the right lung.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 18 of 59

1

Where does the left main bronchus pass in relation to the arch of the aorta?

Select one of the following:

Inferiorly
Superiorly
Anteriorly
Posteriorly

Explanation

Question 19 of 59

1

Where does the left main bronchus pass in relation to the thoracic aorta and oesophagus?

Select one of the following:

Anteriorly
Posteriorly
Inferiorly
Superiorly

Explanation

Question 20 of 59

1

In the lungs, both main/primary bronchi divide into lobar/secondary bronchi, each supplying a lobe. How many lobar bronchi does the right lung have?

Select one of the following:

3
2
1
4

Explanation

Question 21 of 59

1

In the lungs, both main/primary bronchi divide into lobar/secondary bronchi, each supplying a lobe. How many lobar bronchi does the left lung have?

Select one of the following:

1
2
3
4

Explanation

Question 22 of 59

1

The lobar/secondary bronchi then bifurcate into several segmental/tertiary bronchi. What do these supply?

Select one of the following:

Bronchopulmonary segments
Lobes of the lung
Alveoli
Interstitial tissue

Explanation

Question 23 of 59

1

Which is true of the cartilage of the MAIN bronchi?

Select one of the following:

Completely circular rings
C-shaped rings
Crescent shaped rings
No cartilage

Explanation

Question 24 of 59

1

Which is true of the cartilage of the lobar and segmental bronchi?

Select one of the following:

Crescent-shaped
C-shaped
Complete rings
No cartilage

Explanation

Question 25 of 59

1

Which of the following innervate the bronchi?

Select one of the following:

Pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve (CNX)
Accessory nerve (CNXI)
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-T9)

Explanation

Question 26 of 59

1

The bronchi are supplied by the bronchial arteries and drained by the bronchial veins.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 27 of 59

1

Where do the bronchial arteries arise from?

Select one of the following:

Thoracic aorta
Renal arteries
Coeliac trunk
Common hepatic artery

Explanation

Question 28 of 59

1

The bronchial veins drain into the accessory hemiazygos vein, the azygos vein and the superior vena cava.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 29 of 59

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe how the bronchi divide to serve the lungs.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Right upper lobe

Right middle lobe

Right lower lobe

Superior division

Lingular division

Left upper lobe

Left lower lobe

Bronchi of the right upper lobe

Bronchi of the right middle lobe

Bronchi of the right lower lobe

Bronchi of the left upper lobe

Bronchi of the left lower lobe

Explanation

Question 30 of 59

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the tracheobronchial tree.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Main/primary bronchi

Segmental/tertiary

Subsegmental/quaternary bronchi

Lobar/secondary bronchi

Larynx

Trachea

Right main bronchus

Left main bronchus

Right superior lobar bronchus

Intermediate bronchus

Right middle lobar bronchus

Right inferior lobar bronchus

Segmental bronchi

Subsegmental bronchi

Left superior lobar bronchi

Lingular bronchus

Inferior lobar bronchus

Explanation

Question 31 of 59

1

What is the lingula?

Select one of the following:

A homologue of the middle lobe in the left lung
The notch in the left lung caused by the apex of the heart
The ring of cartilage transversing the bronchi at the bifurcation of the trachea
The point at which the larynx becomes the trachea

Explanation

Question 32 of 59

1

The bronchioles are the smallest airways of the tracheobronchial tree. Which of the following do they NOT contain?

Select one or more of the following:

Club cells
Cartilage
Goblet cells
Cilia
Smooth muscle

Explanation

Question 33 of 59

1

What do the club cells of the bronchioles secrete?

Select one of the following:

Surfactant
Mucous
Histamine
Nitric oxide

Explanation

Question 34 of 59

1

Which bronchioles are the initial bronchioles which transport air but lack glands and are not involved in gas exchange?

Select one of the following:

Conducting bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles

Explanation

Question 35 of 59

1

Conducting bronchioles branch into...

Select one of the following:

Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles

Explanation

Question 36 of 59

1

Which bronchioles end in alveoli?

Select one of the following:

Respiratory bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Conducting bronchioles

Explanation

Question 37 of 59

1

What type of epithelium will you find in the alveoli?

Select one of the following:

Simple squamous epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Explanation

Question 38 of 59

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the passage of air in the tracheobronchial tree.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Main/primary bronchus

Lobar/secondary bronchus

Segmental/tertiary bronchi

Terminal bronchioles

Respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar duct

Alveolus

Lobule

Explanation

Question 39 of 59

1

What are the pleurae?

Select one of the following:

Serous membranes lining the lungs and thoracic cavity
Serous membranes covering the heart
The borders of the lungs
The terminal bronchioles of the lungs

Explanation

Question 40 of 59

1

The serous membranes consist of what?

Select one of the following:

Simple squamous cells (mesothelium) supported by connective tissue
Simple squamous cells (mesothelium)
Fibrous connective tissue
Adipose connective tissue

Explanation

Question 41 of 59

1

Which pleural membrane covers the lungs?

Select one of the following:

Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura

Explanation

Question 42 of 59

1

Which pleural membrane lines the internal surface of the thoracic cavity?

Select one of the following:

Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura

Explanation

Question 43 of 59

1

What is the pleural cavity?

Select one of the following:

The potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura
The space between the parietal pleura and thoracic wall
The space between the visceral pleura and lungs
The space between the visceral pleura and heart

Explanation

Question 44 of 59

1

Which layer of the pleurae is thicker?

Select one of the following:

Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura

Explanation

Question 45 of 59

1

The visceral pleura does not extend into the interlobar fissures.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 46 of 59

1

Where is the visceral pleura continuous with the parietal pleura?

Select one of the following:

At the hilum of the lung
At the bifurcation of the trachea
At the apex of the lung
At the base of the lung

Explanation

Question 47 of 59

1

The pleural cavity contains a small volume of serous fluid. This helps lubricate the surfaces of the pleurae as well as...

Select one of the following:

Provide surface tension to ensure the lungs expand when the thorax expands
Antimicrobial function
Provides a root for neurovasculature
Provides a root for the bronchioles

Explanation

Question 48 of 59

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the regions of the parietal pleura.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Cervical

Costal

Mediastinal

Diaphragmatic

Explanation

Question 49 of 59

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this cross section through the thoracic cavity, paying attention to the pleurae.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Vertebra

Right lung

Parietal pleura

Visceral pleura

Pleural cavity

Pericardial membranes

Sternum

Anterior mediastinum

Heart

Pulmonary trunk

Thoracic wall

Left lung

Left pulmonary vein

Left pulmonary artery

Left main bronchus

Root of lung at hilum

Oesophagus

Explanation

Question 50 of 59

1

What are the pleural recesses?

Select one of the following:

Where opposing surfaces of the parietal pleura touch
Where there is no fluid in the pleural membranes
Where there is no visceral pleura covering the lungs
Where the visceral pleura becomes continuous with parietal pleura

Explanation

Question 51 of 59

1

Why are the pleural recesses of clinical importance?

Select one of the following:

Provide a location where fluid can collect
Provide a location where irritation of the lungs occurs
Provide a location where the thoracic wall is vulnerable
Provide a location where pulmonary embolisms are likely

Explanation

Question 52 of 59

1

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the pleural recesses.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Trachea

Cervical pleura

Endothoracic fascia

Costal pleura

Pleural cavity

Visceral pleura

Diaphragmatic pleura

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Mediastinal pleura

Lingula

Costomediastinal recess

Cardiac notch

Costal surface of left lung

Explanation

Question 53 of 59

1

Which pleural membrane is sensitive to pressure, pain and temperature?

Select one of the following:

Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura

Explanation

Question 54 of 59

1

Which pleural membrane is not sensitive to pain temperature or touch - it is only sensitive to stretch?

Select one of the following:

Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura

Explanation

Question 55 of 59

1

Which parts of the parietal pleura are innervated by the segmental intercostal nerves, meaning pain here is highly localised?

Select one or more of the following:

Costal
Cervical
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal

Explanation

Question 56 of 59

1

Which parts of the parietal pleura are innervated by the phrenic nerve (C3-C5), meaning pain there is referred to the shoulders?

Select one or more of the following:

Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
Costal
Cervical

Explanation

Question 57 of 59

1

	Created by Charlotte Jakes about 4 years ago

Medicine Anatomy of Systems Quiz on The Tracheobronchial Tree and the Pleurae, created by Charlotte Jakes on 14/05/2020.

The Tracheobronchial Tree and the Pleurae

Question 1 of 59

What marks the beginning of the tracheobronchial tree?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 59

Where does the trachea arise?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 59

At what level does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left main bronchi?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 59

In what relation is the trachea compared to the oesophagus?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 59

The trachea is held open by cartilage. What shape does this cartilage take?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 59

What supports the free ends of the rings of cartilage that support the trachea?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 59

What type of epithelium will you find in the trachea and bronchi?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 59

The trachea and bronchi's epithelia are interspersed with goblet cells. What is the function of these goblet cells?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 59

What name is given to the combined system which traps inhaled particles and pathogens and moves them up out of the airways to be swallowed and destroyed?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 59

What name is given to the ridge of cartilage at the bifurcation of the trachea which runs anteroposteriorly between the openings of the two bronchi?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 59

The carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea for triggering the cough reflex.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 59

What provides the trachea with sensory innervation?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 59

The trachea is vascularised by the tracheal branches of the...

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 59

Which of the following provide the venous drainage of the trachea?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 59

Which main bronchus is wider, shorter, and descends more vertically than its counterpart?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 59

In which main bronchus is there a higher incidence of foreign body inhalation?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 59

The right superior lobar bronchus arises before the right main bronchus enters the hilum of the right lung.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 59

Where does the left main bronchus pass in relation to the arch of the aorta?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 59

Where does the left main bronchus pass in relation to the thoracic aorta and oesophagus?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 59

In the lungs, both main/primary bronchi divide into lobar/secondary bronchi, each supplying a lobe. How many lobar bronchi does the right lung have?