What is the rule for using the "ck" in spelling?
when the vowel sound is a diphthong
when the vowel sound is short
when the vowel sound is long
all of the above
Decoding skills will benefit a student's understanding of text only if the word he or she decodes are what?
recognized at sight
encountered several times
included in the student's oral vocabulary
also defined by context clues
Which word contains a consonant digraph?
flop
bang
sink
box
Which is a distinguishing characteristic of phonemic awareness instruction?
uses printed letters
uses two cueing systems
does not use printed letters
links meaning to sound
Which strategy for building students' phonemic awareness is the least likely to support beginning reading skills?
teaching blending and segmenting of phonemes in words
beginning phonemic awareness instruction in preschool
teaching letter sounds in combination with phoneme manipulation
teaching 3 or more types of phoneme manipulations skills at a time
Mrs. Funke is teaching her students to identify multisyllable words. Which is an appropriate first step for her to do?
model analyzing words for familiar prefixes and suffixes
show students how to blend individual letter-sounds, left-to-right
model how to look for little words in a big word
demonstrate sequentially blending onsets and rimes
What is one reason that teaching students the meaning of a new word's parts (affixes and root words) is useful for vocabulary development?
help students learn alternate spelling for words
helps students use the new word to understand the sentence
helps students decode multisyllabic new words
helps students comprehend other new words
How many phonemes are in the word "box"?
1
2
3
4
Which set of words is decodable?
bed, the, sit
side, some, roam
wash, boil, gave
chap, slew, soft
What would the words be if you say the word "ice" and then reverse the order of the sounds?
easy
sea
size
sigh
After reading a story, what should the discussion focus on in order to maximize comprehension?
sequencing the events of the story
the most important parts of the story
the details of the story
the characters in the story
If "tife" is a word, the letter "i" would probably sound like the "i" in which word?
if
beautiful
find
ceiling
Which of the following is the most effective instructional strategy for helping students simultaneously strengthen words recognition, fluency, and comprehension?
calling on students one at a time to read aloud from a story
having students read words from a word wall
having students select their own books and read them silently
having students "echo-read" paragraphs that the teacher has read aloud
Which word is an example of this spelling rule: double the final consonant of a closed syllable that ends in one consonant when adding a suffix beginning with a vowel?
ripple
accommodate
grassy
winning
Mrs. Newswander begins a writing lesson by creating with the students a web that contains the word, said, surrounded by words like shouted, sulked, and replied. She did this to teach students:
prewriting
drafting
revising
editing
Which of the following words has an example of a final stable syllable?
wave
bacon
paddle
napkin
What can sentence combing helps students learn to do?
question the text
correct grammatical errors
form complex sentence structures
analyze word structure
Which of the following is the best description of reading fluency?
reading fluency is the ability to read grade-appropriate text with good comprehension and a high degree of engagement
reading fluency is the ability to read grade-appropriate text with a high degree of accuracy and comprehension
reading fluency is the ability to read individual words, including both real words and nonsense words, with a high degree of accuracy
reading fluency is the ability to read grade-appropriate accurately, effortlessly, and with approproate intonation and expression
Which of the following is the most effective strategy for teaching new vocabulary words?
direct instruction in varied contexts or subjects, and indirect instruction through use of new words in conversation and topically-related texts
direct instruction in the contexts or subjects during which the words are most often used, and indirect instruction through the use of text with controlled vocabulary
direct instruction only; indirect vocabulary is ineffective
indirect instruction only; direct vocabulary instruction is ineffective
Why may students confuse the sounds /b/ and /p/ or /f/ and /v/?
students are visually scanning the letters in a way that letters are misperceived
the students can't remember the letter sounds so they are randomly guessing
the speech sounds within each pair are produced in the same place and in the same way, but one is voiced and the other is not
the speech sounds within each pair are both voiced and produced in the back of the mouth
What is the most important reason that oral segmentation and oral blending activities should be a part of reading instruction in the primary grades?
strengthen students' fluency development through oral practice
help students hear and identify short and long vowel sounds
allow students to hear the mistakes of other students
give students practice with skills they will use in silent reading
Mrs. Ellefsen is determined to increase her students' blending abilities. She has them sort words according to spelling patterns and they are doing well. What else could Mrs. Ellefsen do to increase her students' blending abilities?
have students read widely from easy texts
segment words orally for students to write the words spelling form dictation
model a word spelling strategy for students (e.g. see the word, spell the word, write the word)
explicitly teach students how to blend sounds to pronounce words
Which of the following is a noun phrase?
wrote the word
beside the stream
an ill-conceived idea
before entering the house
Which of these would be the final step a teacher would use in an instructional sequence designed to increase students' ability to make inferences about what they read independently?
teacher modeling
student guided practice
student application
teacher direct explanation
Mr. Kubota teaches his grade 3 students to decode unfamiliar words by breaking words into parts such as word roots, prefix, and/or suffix (e.g., un-imagine-able). Which skill is he teaching?
structural analysis
analyze the meaning of the word parts
syllabication
chunking the word
Mr. Willard is planning a repeated reading activity to strengthen his students' fluency skills. Which of the following reading materials would be most effective for the activity?
a list of words from the social studies textbook
a list of high-frequency words from a teaching manual
two paragraphs from a grade-level text
two paragraphs from a grade 4 level text
Which of the following words contains a schwa sounds?
cotton
phoneme
stopping
preview
If a student can read a list of words very rapidly and accurately without having to consciously decode, what is the student demonstrating?
comprehension
metacognition
automaticity
vocabulary skills
Fluency serves as a bridge between which two processes?
word recgonition and comprehension
comprehension and vocabulary
phonlogical awareness and comprehension
word recognition and vocabulary
Mrs. Jackson's students need to improve their fluency skills. Which of the following activities should she include in her lesson plans for the 90-minute reading period?
students will repeatedly read a text in pairs for 20 minutes
students will read a 20-word list repeatedly until they can read it in 10 second
students will repeatedly read a text silently for 50 minutes
students will read along with books on tape for the entire 90 minutes
What does automaticity in reading refer to?
process complex information with little effort or attention
understand the meaning of the word upon seeing it in text
use the next step in a series of steps that have been memorized
apply an effective comprehension strategy when needed