Arenes

Kekule model

Evidence for this model

So?

More evidence

Why was Kekule wrong?

What length

Second problem with Kekule's theory

Third reason why Kekule was wrong

So what is the other model?

Formed by

To form

Where

What type of reactions do arenes undergo

For example nitration. This needs a

What is that

Conditions

Overall equation

Mechanism – step 1 makes a

How

Draw the mechanism

How comes the H2SO4 is a catalyst?

What step?

Halogenation needs a halogen carrier Why?

Why?

Whereas in alkenes

What are halogen carriers?

e.g for Cl2 we need to make

How

Mechanism for reaction of Br2 with benzene. First

Br+ is the

Then (DIY) mechanism

Overall equation

relative resistance to bromination of benzene

Phenol is

Reaction with aqueous alkalis

equation

With Na

What is the name of C6H5O-Na+

With Br2 we get

Equation

What is C6H3OBr3

HBr is a

explain the relative ease of bromination of phenol
compared with benzene,

Why?

Which

So?

This is called

Use of phenol