Languages of the World

*Linguistic Universals (4)

Compositionality

Recursion

*Property of Creativity

Form/Meaning Link

Constructed Languages

Computer Languages

*Modalities

*Descriptive Grammar

*Prescriptive Grammar

Diachronic description

Synchronic Description

*Pedagogical Grammar

Subfields of Linguistics (6)

*Linguistic Competence

*Communicative Competence

*Performance

*Mental Lexicon

*Activation

*Cognitive System

*Aphasia

Damage to the Wernick's Area

Damage to Broca's Area

Continuous Signal

Co-articulation

*Bottom-Up Processing

*Top-down Processing

Cohort Model

*Context Effect

*Syntactic Strategies

*Semantic Strategies

*Stages of Production (6)

Slips of the Tongue

*Innate Language Faculty

*Imitation

*Stages of First Language Acquisition

Babbling

*Ommission

*Substitution

*Overextension

*Overgeneralization

Developmental Errors

Foreign Language

Second Language

Target Language

*Factors of Second Language Acquisition (7)

*Critical Period

*Transitional Structures

*Interlanguage Stages

Fossilization

Positive/Negative Transfer

Simultaneous Bilingualism

Sequential Bilingualism

*Speech Development Disorders

*Constituents

*Clause

*Phrase

Referential Function

Predicative Function

Attributive Function

Relational Function

*5 Types of Phrases

*Heads & Modifiers

*Word Classes (5)

Content Words

Function Words

*Predicate

*Argument

*Adjunct

*Valency of Predicate

*Types of Predicate Valency (5)

*Semantic Roles (6)

*Grammatical Roles (2)

Active/Passive Clause

Valency Reduction

*Reflexive Construction

*Pronominalization

*Pro-Drop

*Word

*Clitic

*Iconicity

*Arbitrariness

*Swadesh List

*Dictionary Types (7)

*Open Word Classes

*Closed Word Classes

*Lexicon

*Lemma

*Lexicography

Homonym

*Semantic Relations (3)

*Denotation vs Connotation

Internally Complex Words

Internally Simple Words

*Morpheme

*Morphology

*Derivation

*Inflection

*Stem

*Paradigm

*Contextual Inflection

*Inherent Inflection

*Affixation

Affixes (4)

*Reduplication

*Conversion

*Suppletion

Productivity

*Morphologically Complex

*Morphologically Simple/Isolating

*Polysynthetic Languages (2)

Agglutinating Language

*Fusional Languages

*Vocal Tract (5 steps)

*Hearing (8 steps)

Phonetic Transcription

*Vowels (speech sounds)

Horizontal Tongue Position (Vowels) (3)

Vertical Tongue Position (Vowels) (5)

Consonants (2 types)

3 Distinctions in Pulmonic Consonants

Voiced vs Voiceless Consonants

*Rounding

*Dipthongs

*Monopthongs

Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion

*International Phonetic Association

*Phonology

Distinctiveness

*Minimal Pair

*Allophones

*Sound System

Toneme

*Morphophonology

Morpheme

Assimilation

*Allomorph

*Writing System

*Alphabetic

Genetic Relationships

*Typological Relationship

*Areal Languages

*Sprachbund

*Language Family

Toponymics

*Comparative Reconstruction

*Proto-Forms

*Proto-Languages

*Sound Laws

*Language and Culture

*Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

*Language Variation

*Sociolinguistics

*Dialect

Language Variety

*Accent

Types of Variation (6)

*Isogloss

Social Factors -> Linguistic Variation (5)

*Sociolect

*Ethnolect

*Situational Factors of Language Variation

Register

*Social Meaning

*Hypercorrection

*Language Attitudes

*Covert Prestige