Esther Akinola
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Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, muscles of the thorax, blood vessels, innervation and the breast.

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Esther Akinola
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Thorax Anatomy I

Thorax Anatomy I

Question 1 of 54

1

What shape are the vertebral bodies of thoracic vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

  • Circular

  • Heart

Explanation

Question 2 of 54

1

What are the laminae of thoracic vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

  • Bony part between transverse and spinous processes

  • Bony part between body and transverse processes

Explanation

Question 3 of 54

1

What are the pedicles of thoracic vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

  • Bony part between the transverse and spinous processes

  • Bony part between the body and transverse processes

Explanation

Question 4 of 54

1

How many articulations does each thoracic vertebra make?

Select one of the following:

  • 5

  • 6

  • 8

  • 10

Explanation

Question 5 of 54

1

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?

Select one or more of the following:

  • 1st rib

  • Scapula

  • Manubrium

  • C7 vertebra

  • Body of sternum

  • T1 vertebra

Explanation

Question 6 of 54

1

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Body of sternum

  • Xiphoid process

  • Rib XI & XII

  • Inferior margin of costal cartilages

  • Diaphragm

  • T12 Vertebra

  • Inferior border of lungs

Explanation

Question 7 of 54

1

What is the function of the costal groove in the typical ribs (II-X)?

Select one of the following:

  • Provides pathway for intercostal muscles

  • Protects the neurovascular bundle

Explanation

Question 8 of 54

1

Which part of a typical rib is the most common site of fracture?

Select one of the following:

  • Head

  • Neck

  • Tubercle

  • Angle

  • Body

Explanation

Question 9 of 54

1

What do the atypical ribs XI and XII lack?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Head

  • Neck

  • Tubercle

  • Angle

  • Body

  • Costal Groove

Explanation

Question 10 of 54

1

Our ribs lie obliquely across the thorax, have done since birth and will continue to do so into old age.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 54

1

How many articulations does the manubrium of the sternum make?

Select one of the following:

  • 2

  • 4

  • 6

  • 8

Explanation

Question 12 of 54

1

How many articulations does the body of the sternum make?

Select one of the following:

  • 6

  • 8

  • 10

  • 12

Explanation

Question 13 of 54

1

The Xiphoid process has no articulations.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 54

1

What are the origins and insertions of Pectoralis Major?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Manubrium

  • Coracoid process

  • Acromion

  • Medial half of clavicle

  • Body of sternum

  • Costal cartilages 1-6

  • Ribs 3-6

  • Aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Explanation

Question 15 of 54

1

What are the attachments of the diaphragm?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Sternum

  • Inferior borders of ribs

  • Liver

  • Lumbar vertebrae

  • Median, Medial and Lateral Arcuate Ligaments

  • Anterior Intercostal Muscles

Explanation

Question 16 of 54

1

What innervates the diaphragm?

Select one of the following:

  • Diaphragmatic Nerve

  • Phrenic Nerve

  • Vagus Nerve

  • Lower Posterior and Anterior Intercostal Nerves

Explanation

Question 17 of 54

1

The Phrenic nerve has roots C3,4,5.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 54

1

What passes through the diaphragm?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Superior Vena Cava

  • Inferior Vena Cava

  • Oesophagus

  • Trachea

  • Aorta

Explanation

Question 19 of 54

1

What are the attachments of serratus anterior?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Inferior border of Clavicle

  • Medial border of Scapula

  • Body of Sternum

  • Anterior surfaces of ribs 1-8/9

  • Costal grooves of ribs 1-8/9

Explanation

Question 20 of 54

1

What are the origins and insertions of latissimus dorsi?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Spinous processes of vertebrae T7-L5

  • Transverse processes of vertebrae T7-L5

  • Thoracolumbar fascia

  • Sacrum

  • Iliac crest

  • Inferior angle of scapula

  • Spine of scapula

  • Inferior 3/4 ribs

  • Intertubercular groove of humerus

  • Acromion

Explanation

Question 21 of 54

1

In which direction do the fibres of the external intercostal muscles run?

Select one of the following:

  • // \\

  • \\ //

Explanation

Question 22 of 54

1

What do the external intercostal muscles do?

Select one of the following:

  • Aid inspiration

  • Aid expiration

Explanation

Question 23 of 54

1

The external intercostal muscles span the whole ribcage.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 54

1

The internal intercostal muscles are used in normal expiration.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 54

1

The innermost intercostal muscles are used only in forced expiration.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 54

1

In which direction do the fibres of both the internal and innermost intercostal muscles run?

Select one of the following:

  • // \\

  • \\ //

Explanation

Question 27 of 54

1

What structure passes between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

Select one of the following:

  • The neurovascular bundle

  • Subcostal arteries

  • Ribs

Explanation

Question 28 of 54

1

Where would you find the internal intercostal muscles?

Select one of the following:

  • Laterally

  • Posterolaterally

  • Anterolaterally

  • Throughout whole ribcage

Explanation

Question 29 of 54

1

Where would you find the innermost intercostal muscles?

Select one of the following:

  • Laterally

  • Posterolaterally

  • Anterolaterally

  • Throughout the whole ribcage

Explanation

Question 30 of 54

1

How many pairs of posterior intercostal arteries are there?

Select one of the following:

  • 9

  • 11

  • 12

  • 13

Explanation

Question 31 of 54

1

Where do the upper 2 posterior intercostal arteries arise from?

Select one of the following:

  • Subclavian artery

  • Internal Thoracic Artery

  • Costocervical trunk

  • Common Carotid artery

Explanation

Question 32 of 54

1

Where do the lower 9 posterior intercostal arteries arise from?

Select one of the following:

  • Subclavian artery

  • Internal Thoracic artery

  • Thoracic Aorta

  • Musculophrenic artery

Explanation

Question 33 of 54

1

How many pairs of anterior intercostal arteries are there?

Select one of the following:

  • 9

  • 11

  • 12

  • 13

Explanation

Question 34 of 54

1

Where do the upper 6 pairs of anterior intercostal arteries arise from?

Select one of the following:

  • Subclavian artery

  • Costocervical trunk

  • Internal Thoracic artery

  • Musculophrenic artery

Explanation

Question 35 of 54

1

Where do the lower 3 pairs of anterior intercostal arteries arise from?

Select one of the following:

  • Subclavian artery

  • Internal Thoracic artery

  • Musculophrenic artery

  • Superior Epigastric artery

Explanation

Question 36 of 54

1

The Internal Thoracic arteries are branches of the Thoracic Aorta.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 37 of 54

1

What does the Internal Thoracic artery divide into?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Musculophrenic artery

  • Posterior intercostal arteries

  • Thoracic Aorta

  • Superior Epigastric artery

Explanation

Question 38 of 54

1

From where do intercostal nerves arise?

Select one of the following:

  • Vagal plexus

  • Sympathetic chain

  • Anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

  • Posterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

Explanation

Question 39 of 54

1

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

Select one of the following:

  • Pectoralis Major

  • Pectoralis Minor

  • Serratus Anterior

  • Serratus Posterior Superior

  • Latissimus Dorsi

Explanation

Question 40 of 54

1

Where does the medial pectoral nerve arise from?

Select one of the following:

  • Intercostal nerves 2-5

  • Medial cord of brachial plexus

  • Median nerve

  • Lond thoracic nerve

Explanation

Question 41 of 54

1

What does the medial pectoral nerve supply?

Select one of the following:

  • Pectoralis Major AND Minor

  • Pectoralis Major

  • Pectoralis Minor

Explanation

Question 42 of 54

1

Where does the lateral pectoral nerve arise from?

Select one of the following:

  • Lateral cord of brachial plexus

  • Long thoracic nerve

  • Intercostal nerves

  • Vagal plexus

Explanation

Question 43 of 54

1

Where does the lateral pectoral nerve arise from?

Select one of the following:

  • Lateral cord of brachial plexus

  • Long thoracic nerve

  • Intercostal nerves

  • Vagal plexus

Explanation

Question 44 of 54

1

What does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

Select one of the following:

  • Pectoralis Major AND Minor

  • Pectoralis Major

  • Pectoralis Minor

Explanation

Question 45 of 54

1

What are the secretory lobules of the breast?

Select one of the following:

  • Specialised sweat glands

  • Hormone-secreting cells

  • Milk-producing cells

Explanation

Question 46 of 54

1

What is contained in a breast?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Fat lobules

  • Breast bone

  • Suspensory ligaments

  • Ribs

  • Secretory lobules

  • Lactiferous ducts

  • Vagal plexus

  • Lactiferous sinuses

  • Anterior intercostal arteries and veins

  • Nipple

Explanation

Question 47 of 54

1

What is a simple mammary gland?

Select one or more of the following:

  • One milk-secreting lobule

  • All lobules supplying one nipple

  • All lobules entering one duct

Explanation

Question 48 of 54

1

What is a complex mammary gland?

Select one or more of the following:

  • All milk-secreting lobules in the woman's body

  • All milk-secreting lobules supplying one nipple

  • All lobules supplying one lactiferous sinus

Explanation

Question 49 of 54

1

Which arteries supply the breast?

Select one of the following:

  • Musculophrenic artery

  • Medial and lateral mammary arteries

  • Long mammary artery

  • Anterior intercostal artery

Explanation

Question 50 of 54

1

Where does the medial mammary artery arise from?

Select one of the following:

  • Costocervical Trunk

  • Subclavian artery

  • Internal Thoracic artery

  • Musculophrenic artery

Explanation

Question 51 of 54

1

Where does the lateral mammary artery arise from?

Select one of the following:

  • Subclavian artery

  • Axillary artery

  • Internal thoracic artery

  • Lateral thoracic artery

Explanation

Question 52 of 54

1

Where does blood from the breast drain into?

Select one of the following:

  • Axillary Vein

  • Basilic Vein

  • Cephalic Vein

  • Azygous Vein

Explanation

Question 53 of 54

1

Which nerves innervate the breast?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves 4-6

  • Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves 4-6

  • Posterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves 4-6

  • Long thoracic nerve

Explanation

Question 54 of 54

1

Where does lymph from the breast drain to?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Thoracic duct

  • Pulmonary nodes

  • Axillary nodes

  • The Other Breast

  • Parasternal nodes

Explanation

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