ETSI Daniel Gomez
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Proyecto RT.1 (1-50)

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ETSI Daniel Gomez
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Proyecto RT.1 (1-50)

Question 1 of 50

1

1. Which of the following types of intensifying screens are not used in industrial radiography?

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Lead

  • (b) Fluorescent

  • (c) Silver halide

  • (d) All of the above

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

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2. Betatrons are used to produce X rays in what range?

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Several MeV

  • (b) 50-500 keV

  • (c) 500-1000 keV

  • (d) 0-50 keV

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

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3. Which of the following is an isotope not artificially produced for industrial use:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Ir-192

  • (b) Ra-226

  • (c) Co-60

  • (d) All of the above

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

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4. One half value layer of lead for Iridium-192 is approximately:

Select one of the following:

  • 12 mm

  • 4 mm

  • 2 mm

  • 25 mm

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

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5. One half value layer of lead for Cobalt-60 is approximately:

Select one of the following:

  • 12 mm

  • 6 mm

  • 2 mm

  • 25 mm

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

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6. The film processing step in which the undeveloped silver bromide is removed from the film emulsion is called:

Select one of the following:

  • Development

  • Stop bath

  • Fixing

  • Rinsing

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

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7. A radiation producing device which emits radiation of one or a few discreet wavelengths is:

Select one of the following:

  • An X ray machine

  • A linear accelerator

  • A gamma ray source

  • A betatron

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

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8. The intensifying action of lead screens is caused by:

Select one of the following:

  • Secondary X ray emission

  • Secondary gamma ray emissions

  • Fluorescence of lead screens

  • Electron emission

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

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9. Most of the energy applied to an X ray tube is converted into:

Select one of the following:

  • X rays

  • Light

  • Heat

  • Ultraviolet radiation

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

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10. Radiography of tubular sections using a double wall, double viewing technique is mainly applicable to sections:

Select one of the following:

  • Over 38 mm in diameter

  • 88 mm in diameter or less

  • 125 mm in diameter and less

  • Under 25 mm in diameter

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

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11. Which of the following is the most common method of packaging film?

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Individual sheets for use in cassettes

  • (b) Rolls

  • (c) Pre-packaged (‘day-pack’)

  • (d) All of the above

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

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12. Which of the following types of radiation is particulate?

Select one of the following:

  • (a) X

  • (b) Gamma

  • (c) Alpha

  • (d) None of the above

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

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13. Most scattered radiation which adversely affects the radiographic image quality originates:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) From floors and walls adjacent to the test piece

  • (b) From other nearby objects

  • (c) From the test piece itself

  • (d) From the lead intensifying screens

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

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14. An effect of scattered radiation is to:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Decrease required exposure time

  • (b) Diminish contrast, detail and clarity of radiographic image

  • (c) Decrease film density

  • (d) All of the above

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

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15. What is the most important factor in determining the archival quality of radiographic film?

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Film density

  • (b) Image quality

  • (c) Degree of removal of fixer residues during washing

  • (d) Degree of removal of developer residues during washing

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

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16. Radiographic enlargement to distinguish small defects is possible:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Only with a very small source or focal spot size radiation source

  • (b) Routinely

  • (c) With most sources

  • (d) Never

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

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17. A detrimental effect of fluorescent screens might be:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) High definition

  • (b) Screen mottle

  • (c) Non-linear attenuation

  • (d) Displaced core effect

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

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18. The penetrating power of an X ray machine is indicated by:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Milliamperage

  • (b) Tube voltage

  • (c) Filament current

  • (d) Anode current

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

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19. Reticulation may be the result of:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Inadequate agitation of the film during development

  • (b) Inadequate water rinse during processing

  • (c) Using exhausted stop bath solution

  • (d) Developing solutions not maintained at the same temperatures.

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

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20. The main advantage of having small focal spot on an X ray tube is:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Heat is conducted away more efficiently than with a large focal spot

  • (b) A smaller focal spot is unlikely to be damaged from the required tube currents

  • (c) Longer tube life

  • (d) A smaller focal spot allows sharper radiographic images than does a larger focal spot

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

21. Cobalt-60 is produced by:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Fission of Uranium-235

  • (b) Neutron capture by Cobalt-59

  • (c) Radioactive decay

  • (d) None of the above

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

22. For a particular isotope, gamma radiation intensity is determined by:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Type of isotope used

  • (b) Energy level of gamma rays in source

  • (c) Source strength in curies

  • (d) None of the above

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

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23. Which of the following statements should be true to achieve the highest level of radiographic sharpness (definition)?

Select one of the following:

  • (a) The focal spot should be as small as practicable

  • (b) The focal spot to test piece distance should be as large as practicable

  • (c) The film to test piece distance should be as small as practicable

  • (d) All of the above

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

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24. Which of the following correctly expresses the inverse square law if I1=dose rate nearest source, I2=dose rate furthest from the source, D1=distance nearest to source and D2=distance furthest from the source:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) I1/I2 = D1^2/D2^2

  • (b) I1^2/I2^2 = D1/D2

  • (c) I1/I2 = D2^2/D1^2

  • (d) I1^2/I2^2 = D2/D1

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

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25. Thicker materials would normally be inspected using:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Lower kV X rays

  • (b) Higher mA X rays

  • (c) Higher kV X rays

  • (d) Lower mA X rays

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

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26. Another name for a penetrameter is:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Radiographic shim

  • (b) Image quality indicator

  • (c) Density standard

  • (d) Acceptance standard

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

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27. The silver nitrate spot test can be used to:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Check the film for film quality

  • (b) Check for under developed films

  • (c) Check for film artifacts

  • (d) All the above answers are correct

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

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28. The difference in densities seen on a radiograph due to section changes in an item is:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Film contrast

  • (b) Radiographic contrast

  • (c) Subject contrast

  • (d) Radiographic sensitivity

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

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29. Which type of film would exhibit the coarsest grain?

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Slow

  • (b) Medium

  • (c) Fast

  • (d) No difference in the grain sizes

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

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30. An advantage of a gamma ray source is:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Radiation may be turned on or off at will

  • (b) Outside power is normally not required

  • (c) Less shielding is required than for X ray

  • (d) All of the above

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

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31. Higher X ray tube voltages result in:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Shorter wavelengths X rays

  • (b) Less penetrating X rays

  • (c) Fewer X rays in the primary beam

  • (d) All of the above

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

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32. A casting flaw which is formed when two masses of molten metal flowing from different directions flow together, but fail to fuse, is called:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) A hot tear

  • (b) Shrinkage

  • (c) A cold crack

  • (d) A cold shut

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

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33. X rays are produced by:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Radioactive isotopes

  • (b) The rapid deceleration of electrons

  • (c) Ultraviolet radiation of unstable atoms

  • (d) All of the above

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

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34. Which of the following is a function of lead screens?

Select one of the following:

  • (a) To reduce geometric unsharpness

  • (b) To increase scatter

  • (c) To reduce exposure time

  • (d) All of the above

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

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35. A silver nitrate spot test might be used to:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Check for archival film quality

  • (b) Check for out of date film

  • (c) Check for single versus double emulsion film

  • (d) Any of the above

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

36. A linear accelerator is used to produce X rays having energy in the range of:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Several MeV

  • (b) 50-500 keV

  • (c) 500-1000 keV

  • (d) 0-50 keV

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

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37. How is the wavelength of scattered radiation compared to the primary beam?

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Longer than the wavelength of the primary beam

  • (b) Shorter than the wavelength of the primary beam

  • (c) Same as the wavelength of the primary beam

  • (d) Not related

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

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38.Which of the following viewing conditions is most desirable for interpreting radiographic film?

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Brightness of surroundings approximately the same as the area of interest on the radiograph

  • (b) Totally dark viewing room

  • (c) Well lit viewing room

  • (d) None of the above

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

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39. Pinhole radiography would be used to:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Make high quality radiographs for critical inspection

  • (b) Determine focal spot size

  • (c) Construct exposure charts

  • (d) None of the above

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

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40. A straight, dark line in the centre of the film of a weld cap would probably be:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Porosity

  • (b) Undercut

  • (c) Tungsten inclusions

  • (d) A linear crack

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

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41. Which one of the following steps is necessary to dissolve the undarkened silver salt crystals in the film emulsion:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Developing

  • (b) Fixing

  • (c) Washing

  • (d) None of the above

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

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42. Approximately what energy X ray machine would be required to have penetrating power equivalent to a Cobalt-60 source:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) 600 keV

  • (b) 1.2 MeV

  • (c) 2 MeV

  • (d) None of the above

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

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43. The normal range of steel that is radiographed using Ir-192 is:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) 5 mm–20 mm

  • (b) 25mm–75mm

  • (c) 0.5mm–5mm

  • (d) 75mm–150mm

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

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44. The focal spot size of an X ray machine must be known in order to determine:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) The geometric unsharpness

  • (b) Kilovoltage peak output

  • (c) Required mA setting

  • (d) Exposure time

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

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45. X ray intensity is a function of :

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Cathode current

  • (b) Step down ratio of the filament transformer

  • (c) The distance from the test piece

  • (d) Size of the anode (target)

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

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46. What is the minimum age in years at which a person may perform radiography :

Select one of the following:

  • (a) 15

  • (b) 18

  • (c) 21

  • (d) 30

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

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47. A densitometer is an instrument that measures:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Radiographic contrast

  • (b) Radiographic sensitivity

  • (c) Radiographic density

  • (d) Radiographic resolution

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

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48. Which of the following is the correct formula to use for calculating geometric unsharpness if F=source size, T=specimen thickness, D=source to object distance and Ug=geometric unsharpness:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Ug = FD/T

  • (b) Ug = DT/F

  • (c) Ug = FT/D

  • (d) Ug = FTD

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

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49. A wetting agent is used in film processing to:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) More closely control development

  • (b) Prevent formation of water marks during the drying stage

  • (c) Reduce formation of air bubbles in the developer solution

  • (d) Reduce formation of air bubbles in the fixer

Explanation

Question 50 of 50

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50. Film intensifying screens are normally used to:

Select one of the following:

  • (a) Decrease exposure time

  • (b) Increase grain size

  • (c) Shield film from stray light

  • (d) All of the above

Explanation