Jaundice/Acute/Chronic/Decompensated Liver Failure

Describe the breakdown of haemoglobin.

Describe the breakdown and excretion of haem.

What is jaundice?

What is pre-hepatic jaundice and its causes?

What is intrahepatic jaundice and its causes?

What is posthepatic jaundice and its causes?

How might someone with a pre-hepatic cause of jaundice present?

How might someone with an intrahepatic cause of jaundice present?

How might someone with an post-hepatic cause of jaundice present?

What might painless jaundice indicate?

What are the causes of decompensated liver failure?

Why might you do an ascitic tap?

What is the first line imaging investigation for someone with liver dysfunction?

What ECG finding can cirrhosis cause?

Why might you measure somebody's ceruloplasmin? What other test might you do?

What does a positive AMA indicate?

What does a positive ASMA and/or ANA indicate?

Why are iron studies important in liver disease?

Why might platelets be low in liver disease?

What are the stages of hepatic encephalopathy?

What is the SAAG?

What are the causes of a high SAAG and the cut-off for this?

What are the causes of a low SAAG and the cut-off for this?

How is ascites managed?

What is large volume paracentesis and what should be given alongside this procedure?

Why are people with liver disease at an increased risk of bleeding?

How is bleeding in liver disease managed?

By which mode of inheritance is hereditary haemochromatosis passed onto offspring?

What is the pathophysiology of hereditary haemochromatosis?

How does hereditary haemochromatosis present?

What are the complications of hereditary haemochromatosis?

How can hereditary haemochromatosis be diagnosed?

How should someone with hereditary haemochromatosis be managed?

What is the diagnostic criteria for SBP?

How is SBP treated?