ella.hickcox88
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Intro To Disease

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ella.hickcox88
Created by ella.hickcox88 about 9 years ago
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Exam 1

Question 1 of 33

1

Which of the following have reduced the number of deaths from infectious diseases in the developed world?

Select one of the following:

  • water chlorination

  • vaccination

  • antibiotics

  • public health agencies

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 2 of 33

1

How do infectious diseases differ from non-infectious diseases?

Select one of the following:

  • infectious diseases occur only in the underdeveloped parts of the world

  • infectious diseases are deadlier than non-infectious diseases

  • infectious diseases only occur in certain parts of the world

  • infectious diseases involve bacteria, viruses, and parasites

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 3 of 33

1

The leading causes of death from infectious diseases in the underdeveloped parts of the world include

Select one of the following:

  • hearth disease

  • diarrheal diseases

  • cancer

  • polio

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 4 of 33

1

Bacterial infections are necessary for normal human development and health

Select one of the following:

  • true

  • false

Explanation

Question 5 of 33

1

Bacteria cause disease by

Select one of the following:

  • producing toxins

  • digesting host cells

  • producing viruses

  • releasing their nuclei

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 6 of 33

1

Which of the following is/are necessary for normal human cell functions

Select one of the following:

  • oxygen

  • nutrition

  • elimination of waste products

  • water

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 7 of 33

1

Bacterial endotoxins

Select one of the following:

  • are all different

  • are secreted by living gram-positive bacteria

  • are parts of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria

  • rarely cause disease

  • all of the above are true of exotoxins

Explanation

Question 8 of 33

1

Bacteria are the most abundant living organisms

Select one of the following:

  • true

  • false

Explanation

Question 9 of 33

1

Salmonella bacteria commonly

Select one of the following:

  • are commonly transmitted in water or food contaminated with feces

  • cause disease by digesting host cells

  • infect only human beings

  • rarely cause disease

  • none of the above are true of salmonella

Explanation

Question 10 of 33

1

Bioterrorism, compared to other forms of terrorism, poses a particular threat because

Select one of the following:

  • agents of bioterrorism are hard to come by

  • agents of bioterrorism are hard to comeby

  • agents of bioterrorism can be transported anywhere in the world

  • they are easily produced for little cost

  • all of the above reasons

Explanation

Question 11 of 33

1

Which of the following are true of microorganisms with a potential for bioterrorism

Select one of the following:

  • they kill quickly and horribly

  • they are not easily dispersed

  • they are highly controlled

  • they are infectious but not contagious

  • all of the above are true of potential bioterrorist agents

Explanation

Question 12 of 33

1

Which of the following makes anthrax ideal for bioterrorism

Select one of the following:

  • it is a bacterium

  • it forms long-lived easily dispersed spores

  • it is common in cattle

  • it comes in three forms cutaneous, G.I. and inhalation

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 13 of 33

1

Plague is most commonly transmitted by fleas

Select one of the following:

  • from human to human

  • from birds to humans

  • from pigs to humans

  • from rodent to humans

  • from soil to humans

Explanation

Question 14 of 33

1

Viral diseases are especially difficult to treat becasue

Select one of the following:

  • viral toxins are much like human serum proteins

  • viruses grow inside of host cells and use host cell organelles for DNA replication and protein sythesis

  • viruses are so much like human cells that most antiviral agents also destroy human cells

  • viruses can readily pass through human skin

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 15 of 33

1

Viruses may cause disease by

Select one of the following:

  • rupturing host cell membranes

  • altering host cell functions

  • depleting host cell nutrients

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 16 of 33

1

The clinical manifestations of viral disease result from

Select one of the following:

  • the nature of the virus

  • the cells infected by the virus

  • the immune status of the host

  • the host inflammatory response

  • all of the above may affect the symptoms of viral diseases

Explanation

Question 17 of 33

1

Viruses may be transmitted by

Select one of the following:

  • inhalation

  • injection

  • sexual intercourse

  • insects

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 18 of 33

1

Infuenza virus has been referred to as a potential slate wiper because

Select one of the following:

  • influenza viruses are more numerous than other viruses

  • influenza pandemics are worse than all other pandemics

  • historical evidence suggests that an influenza pandemic could kill a large portion of the human population

  • influenza pandemics occur rarely

  • influenza is not very contagious

Explanation

Question 19 of 33

1

Some influenza viruses can infect humans, pigs, and birds equally

Select one of the following:

  • true

  • false

Explanation

Question 20 of 33

1

Influenza viruses cause disease by

Select one of the following:

  • production of toxins in the lungs

  • infection of respiratory epithelial cells and inflammation

  • attachment to and digestion of respiratory epithelial cells

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 21 of 33

1

Prions cause disease by

Select one of the following:

  • destruction of host cell DNA

  • conversion of host cell molecules into pathogenic forms of the same molecule

  • use of host cell organelles for prion replication

  • conversion of host neuron into infectious agents

  • conversion of host cell membranes into a form more susceptible to infection

Explanation

Question 22 of 33

1

Prion diseases all share which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • they all inflammation

  • they all cause a damage animals' brains

  • they all involve viruses

  • they all involve bacteria

  • all come from sheep

Explanation

Question 23 of 33

1

Prions cause disease by

Select one of the following:

  • altering the shape of host proteins

  • replication in host cells

  • production of endotoxins

  • enzymatic digestion of host cells

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 24 of 33

1

Funguses cause disease by

Select one of the following:

  • alteration of host proteins

  • replication in host cells

  • production of endotoxins

  • enzymatic digestion of host cells

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 25 of 33

1

Ergot alkaloids are examples of mycotoxins, toxins produced by fungi. These toxins cause disease

Select one of the following:

  • by inappropriate activation of T cells

  • when contaminated foods are consumed

  • when fungal products interact with bacterial products in the host

  • when fungi die inside a living host

  • by infection and destruction of host cells

Explanation

Question 26 of 33

1

The most serious fungal infections are

Select one of the following:

  • superficial fungal infections

  • cutaneous fungal infections

  • systemic fungal infections

  • opportunistic fungal infections

  • ringworms

Explanation

Question 27 of 33

1

Parasitic worms may cause disease by

Select one of the following:

  • infecting host cells

  • destroying host cells

  • produce of toxins

  • blockage of fluid flow

  • any of the above

Explanation

Question 28 of 33

1

All of the following are true of malaria, except

Select one of the following:

  • it is transmitted by mosquito bites

  • it is caused by a protozoan parasite

  • it is caused by a virus

  • the parasite infects 1/3 or more of the world's population

  • people in equatorial regions of the world are most affected by malaria

Explanation

Question 29 of 33

1

Which of the following characteristics of the innate inflammatory response distinguishes it from the adaptive immune response

Select one of the following:

  • the inflammatory response is mediated by lymphocytes

  • the inflammatory response is non-specific

  • the inflammatory response is dependent on neurons

  • the inflammatory response is mediated by erythrocytes

  • the inflammatory response is only effective against viruses

Explanation

Question 30 of 33

1

Inflammatory processes are initiated by which mast cell product

Select one of the following:

  • interferon

  • tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

  • interleukin 2

  • glutamine

  • histamine

Explanation

Question 31 of 33

1

The major events in inflammation include which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • vasodilation

  • increased vascular permeability

  • release of histamine by mast cells

  • movement of neutrophils from the blood into the inflamed sites

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 32 of 33

1

Antibodies are most effective against intracellular bacteria

Select one of the following:

  • True

  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 33

1

All of the cells involved in defense against infections come from

Select one of the following:

  • the thymus

  • the lymph nodes

  • the spleen

  • the lymphatics

  • the bone marrow

Explanation

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