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Chemistry
what happens when you add water (with colourless particles) to copper sulphate solution (with coloured blue particles)?
what happens when you add potassium manganite to water (colourless particles)?
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atoms are particles...
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elements consist of...
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a molecule consists of ...
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a compound consists of...
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a mixture is ...
describe the experiment for chromatography
atoms consist of a central...
the nucleus contains particles called...and...
other particles called...orbit the nucleus in shells
what is the relative mass and the charge of a proton
what is the relative mass and the charge of a neutron
what is the relative mass and charge of a electron
atoms have no overall...
what is the mass number?
what is the atomic number?
what are the number of electrons the same as?
how many protons, neutrons and electrons does the element sodium have with the mass number 23 and the atomic number 11?
how many protons, neutrons and electrons does calcium have with the mass number 40 and the atomic number 20?
elements in the periodic table are...
electron configuration
what is the maximum number of electrons in:
shell 1
shell 2
shell 3
isotopes are ...
relative atomic mass (Ar) is...
how do you calculate relative atomic mass using bromine as an example?
what is the relative formula mass (Mr) of a substance?
Hydrogen H2 Ar H =1
H:2 (atoms) x 1 (Ar) = 2
sodium hydroxide NaOH
Ar Na = 23
Ar O = 16
Ar H = 1
1x23=23
1x16=16
1x1 = 1
23+16+1 = 40
iron hydroxide (rust) Fe(OH)3
ArFe=56
ArO=16
ArH=1
1x56=56
3x16=48
3x1=3
=107
ammonium sulphate (NH4)2 SO4
ArN=14
ArH=1
ArS=32
ArO=16
2x14=28
8x1=8
1x32=32
4x16=64
=132
ionic bonding takes place between...
the metal atom...
the non - metal atom...
electrons are...
the ions are...
... compounds are made from metals and non-metals
metals always form...charged ions and non metals form...negative charged ions.
these ions are arranged in ... ionic structures.
their crystals have ... melting points and many will ... in water
they conduct ... when molten or when in solution, but not when they are ...
which of these substances have ionic bonds?
1) ammonia NH3 2) water H2O
3) copper oxide CuO 4) zinc chloride ZnCl2
5) lead bromine PbBr2 6) potassium fluorine, KF
7) methane CH4
how did you know they had ionic bonds?
ionic compounds have...
the greater the charge on the ions ...
Which of these has a high and a low melting point and why?
NaCl MgO
Na+Cl- Mg2+O2-
ionic crystals are ...
ionic compounds are mostly soluble in...
ionic compounds can conduct electricity when...
how does the structure of a sodium ion differ from the structure of a sodium atom?
how does the structure of a chloride atom differ from the structure of a chloride atom
what is the type of chemical bond present in sodium chloride?
how can sodium chloride crystals be cube shaped?
solid sodium chloride has a high melting point because ...
sodium chloride is an electrical insulator...
molten sodium chloride will undergo electrolysis because...
Simple Molecular bonding
simple molecules only contain:
a) a few atoms
b) a lot of atoms
c) four or five atoms
the bonding in the molecule is strong but the forces between the molecules are ...
very little energy is needed to separate the molecules so most simple molecules are ...
Giant Covalent Structures
a large amount of energy is needed to break the ...
Graphite
each carbon atom bonded to ...
graphite forms in layers which can
"free" or ... electrons can conduct electricity.
Graphite is used in ...
what does the giant covalent structure of graphite look like?
Diamond is used in ...
Diamond
Each carbon atom bonded to ...
diamond is very ...
what does the giant covalent structure of diamond look like?
In metals the outer shell electrons are...
metallic structures consist of ... surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.
the metal structure is held together by ...
metals are ... due to these ... the atoms can slide over each other without the metal breaking
metals can conduct electricity as the delocalised electrons can ...
why is the formula for the compound formed when sodium and chlorine react NaCl and not NaCl2?
what happens when magnesium reacts with chlorine to form magnesium chloride ( MgCl2 )
what has the substance been made from?
why does Chlorine oxide have a low melting point?
why is graphite soft?
why can Graphite conduct electricity?
what is a Covalent bond?
a dot and cross diagram only shows ...
covalent bonding only happens between ...
the outer electrons are...
atoms have ...
ionic Bonding
metal ... electrons
non- metal ... electrons
transferred
positive ion strong attraction negative ion
=
high melting points
why can metals conduct electricity?
during the formation of a covalent bond the atoms ...
why does sodium chloride have a relatively high melting point?
which of these has a molecular structure and which of these has a ionic structure.
1) sulphur dioxide
2) nitrogen dioxide
3) calcium fluoride
4) carbon dioxide
5) potassium chloride
6) sodium oxide
why can metals be pulled into wires?
Why can magnesium chloride only conduct electricity when it is melted?
why is magnesium oxide used to line furnaces?
why does silicon have a high melting point?
why can diamond not conduct electricity?
explain how the atoms are held together in a molecule of hydrogen chloride
explain in terms of its bonding and structure why silicon carbide has a high melting point.
why does the structure of graphite make it a useful lubricant?
explain why diamonds structure makes it a useful cutting tool
why can Graphite conduct electricity?
Electrolysis
an electric current is a flow of ...
ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in ...
electrolytes are ...
electrolysis is the ...
the positive electrode is called the ...
the negative electrode is called the ...
explain the electrolysis of molten lead bromide ( PbBr2)
Gain of electrons is ...
Oxidation is
lead bromine is an ionic substance which doesn't easily dissolve in water. how could it be made into a liquid for electrolysis?
an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) is being electrolysed. predict the products in the reaction and give their names.
explain why the product at the negative electrode is formed
the periodic table
the elements are arranged in ...
columns are ...
rows are ...
metals are found on the ...
non metals on the ...
all metals conduct ...
metal oxides are ... they ... acids
non metal oxides are ... and react with ...
elements in the same group have the ... because they have the same ...
what group is
Li 2,1 Na 2,8,1 K 2,8,8,1
in. Why?
group 0 are called the
these are very unreactive because their outer shells are
what is the name for group 1?
they have a ... so they ... in water
they are ... so they can be ... with a knife.
they are very ... so they react easily with ... and ...
reaction with water produces an ... and hydrogen gas. e.g. lithium + water > lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
2Li + 2H2 O > 2LiOH + H2
alkali metals ... as we go down group 1
the electron in the outer shell is ... (2 reasons)
Do Group 1 metals have high melting points?
what are the alkali metals stored under?
which substance is the least reactive member of the group?
what do you use to find the PH of a solution?
how do you test for hydrogen
