Radiography

Question 1 of 116

1

What does radiolucent mean?

Select one of the following:

Opaque to x-rays
Invisible to x-rays

Explanation

Question 2 of 116

1

What density is radiopaque?

Select one of the following:

Metal
Air

Explanation

Question 3 of 116

1

Are all of these labels correct?

Select one of the following:

Yes
No

Explanation

Question 4 of 116

1

What is A?

Select one of the following:

Focusing cup
Filament
Target (anode)
Rotor

Explanation

Question 5 of 116

1

What is B?

Select one of the following:

Focusing cup
Filament
Target (anode)
Rotor

Explanation

Question 6 of 116

1

What is C?

Select one of the following:

Glass envelope
Filament
Electrons
Bearings

Explanation

Question 7 of 116

1

What is D?

Select one of the following:

Glass envelope
Filament
Electrons
Bearings

Explanation

Question 8 of 116

1

What is E?

Select one of the following:

Glass envelope
Electrons
Filament
Bearings

Explanation

Question 9 of 116

1

What is the heel effect?

Select one of the following:

The beam is more concentrated on the cathode side
The beam is more concentrated on the anode side
The imaginary line following the centremost part of the beam
The imaginary line following the outermost part of the beam

Explanation

Question 10 of 116

1

What is the central ray?

Select one of the following:

The beam is more concentrated on the cathode side
The beam is more concentrated on the anode side
An imaginary line following the centremost part of the beam
An imaginary line following the outermost part of the beam

Explanation

Question 11 of 116

1

Controlling the size of the beam is a legal requirement

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 12 of 116

1

Keeping the beam large makes the image sharper

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 116

1

If a smaller volume of tissue is irradiated, is a smaller or larger scatter generated?

Select one of the following:

Smaller
Larger

Explanation

Question 14 of 116

1

Is scatter desirable?

Select one of the following:

Yes - it causes sharpness of the image and decreases the patient's radiation dose
No - it causes unsharpness of the image and increases the patient's radiation dose

Explanation

Question 15 of 116

1

What structure controls the beam?

Select one of the following:

Collimator
Target (anode)
Filament
Grid

Explanation

Question 16 of 116

1

How does a collimator work?

Select one of the following:

Reflects/absorbs the x-rays
Concentrates the beam

Explanation

Question 17 of 116

1

Where should the patient be placed in regards to the Bucky and tube?

Select one of the following:

Close to the Bucky, far away from the tube
Far away from the Bucky, close to the tube
Close to the Bucky, close to the tube
Far away from the Bucky, far away from the tube

Explanation

Question 18 of 116

1

What is true regarding the beam passing through the patient?

Select one or more of the following:

Some x-rays are absorbed and stop their travel
Some are scattered and continue to travel
All scattered x-rays continue to travel in the correct direction
A remnant beam exits the patient
The remnant beam is accompanied by any scatter travelling in a similar direction
All scattered x-rays will accompany the remnant beam

Explanation

Question 19 of 116

1

What are correct facts regarding the Bucky?

Select one or more of the following:

It is placed immediately in front of the patient
It has a tray to hold the receptor
It has a grid to allow as much scatter as possible to reach the receptor
It has a grid to prevent as much scatter as possible from reaching the receptor
There are different types of grids

Explanation

Question 20 of 116

1

What is A?

Select one of the following:

Collimator
Bucky
Grid
Receptor
Filament

Explanation

Question 21 of 116

1

What is B?

Select one of the following:

Collimator
Bucky
Grid
Receptor
Filament

Explanation

Question 22 of 116

1

What is C?

Select one of the following:

Collimator
Bucky
Grid
Receptor
Filament

Explanation

Question 23 of 116

1

What is the grid ratio?

Select one of the following:

Relationship between the height of the lead strips and the width of the spaces between them
Relationship between the weight of the lead strips and the width of the spaces between them

Explanation

Question 24 of 116

1

How are the strips placed in a non-focussed grid?

Select one of the following:

Parallel
Angled - matches angles of the x-rays exiting the patient, must be used with the tube at a specific distance away
Moving - increases efficiency and hides any lines that may be caused by the grid material

Explanation

Question 25 of 116

1

How are the strips placed in a focussed grid?

Select one of the following:

Parallel
Angled - matches angles of the x-rays exiting the patient, must be used with the tube at a specific distance away
Moving - increases efficiency and hides any lines that may be caused by the grid material

Explanation

Question 26 of 116

1

How are the strips placed in a reciprocating grid?

Select one of the following:

Parallel
Angled - matches angles of the x-rays exiting the patient, must be used with the tube at a specific distance away
Moving - increases efficiency and hides any lines that may be caused by the grid material

Explanation

Question 27 of 116

1

What are the correct facts regarding receptors?

Select one or more of the following:

Device used to capture the remnant beam
Device used to capture the scatter beams
Can be a film or digital system

Explanation

Question 28 of 116

1

What are correct facts regarding film receptors?

Select one or more of the following:

A single piece of film is supported in a cassette
A film is typically one-sided
There is an intensifying screen on one side of the film
The film needs to be processed in a darkroom so the image becomes visible

Explanation

Question 29 of 116

1

What are correct facts regarding a digital receptor?

Select one or more of the following:

A single sided receptor array supported in a cassette
There is also a filament in the cassette
The image has already been processed electronically
The latent image is formed directly on the receptor, which reacts to the x-ray beam

Explanation

Question 30 of 116

1

With either film or digital, you end up with an image which can be viewed on either a light box (film) or computer screen (digital)

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 31 of 116

1

What is the kVP (kilovolts peak)?

Select one of the following:

Controls the penetrating power of the x-ray beam
Controls the number of electrons crossing from the cathode to the anode
The time that the electrons are allowed to cross the tube for

Explanation

Question 32 of 116

1

What is the mA (milliamperes)?

Select one of the following:

Controls the number of electrons crossing from the cathode to the anode
Controls the penetrating power of the x-ray beam
The time that the electrons are allowed to cross the tube for

Explanation

Question 33 of 116

1

What are x-ray factors expressed in?

Select one or more of the following:

kVp
mA
s

Explanation

Question 34 of 116

1

Where is the x-ray created?

Select one of the following:

Anode
Cathode
Filament

Explanation

Question 35 of 116

1

How fast does a rotating anode spin per minute?

Select one of the following:

3400 revolutions
3000 revolutions
3200 revolutions
3600 revolutions

Explanation

Question 36 of 116

1

Why does the anode spin?

Select one or more of the following:

Reduces wear
Spreads the load on the anode
Allows lower tube currents
Allow shorter times

Explanation

Question 37 of 116

1

What facts are correct regarding Bremsstrahlung?

Select one or more of the following:

The x-ray beam is heterogeneous
The energy of the Bremsstrahlung x-ray will vary depending on how far an electron penetrates a target atom
The energy of the Bremsstrahlung x-ray will vary depending on how quickly an electron penetrates a target atom
X-rays of a single energy will be produced
kVP controls the range of energies produced
mA controls the range of energies produced
Interactions in the outer part of the atom generate weaker x-rays, the inner part is stronger
Interactions in the outer part of the atom generate stronger x-rays, the inner part is weaker
X-ray Bremsstrahlung comprises a range of energies from an identifiable maximum to an indeterminate minimum

Explanation

Question 38 of 116

1

How do you control Bremsstrahlung?

Select one or more of the following:

kVp controls the maximum energy within the beam
kVp controls the minimum energy within the beam
mA and s control the number of photons of energy within the beam
mA and s control the penetration rate of photons within the beam

Explanation

Question 39 of 116

1

What are the two major parts on the cathode side of the tube?

Select one of the following:

Filament and focusing cup
Filament and bearings
Bearings and rotor
Rotor and focusing cup

Explanation

Question 40 of 116

1

What does the filament release when it's heated?

Select one of the following:

Cloud of electrons (thermionic emission)
Cloud of protons (thermionic emission)
Cloud of atoms (thermionic emission)

Explanation

Question 41 of 116

1

Is the focusing cup positively or negatively charged?

Select one of the following:

Positively
Negatively

Explanation

Question 42 of 116

1

Why does the focusing cup condense the electron cloud?

Select one of the following:

Encounters a smaller area of the target
Encounters a larger area of the target

Explanation

Question 43 of 116

1

What directions are Bremsstrahlung radiation produced?

Select one of the following:

All directions
Forwards
Backwards
Laterally

Explanation

Question 44 of 116

1

What is the only part of the beam required?

Select one of the following:

Beam travelling towards the patient
Beam travelling away from the patient
Beam travelling upwards through the patient
Beam travelling downwards through the patient

Explanation

Question 45 of 116

1

Why is there an oil filled space between the housing and the tube?

Select one of the following:

Absorbs the heat that is produced
Reduces the scatter
Decreases the amount of electron penetration
Decreases the number of electrons of energy in the beam

Explanation

Question 46 of 116

1

What is the role of the collimator?

Select one or more of the following:

Improves quality of the image
Limits the beam
Not a legal requirement
Desirable

Explanation

Question 47 of 116

1

If the beam is restricted, is the scatter radiation increased or decreased?

Select one of the following:

Increased
Decreased

Explanation

Question 48 of 116

1

What are correct facts regarding scatter?

Select one or more of the following:

Restricting the beam reduces scatter
Restricting the beam increases scatter
Reducing scatter radiation improves image quality
Reducing scatter radiation reduces image quality
Restricting the beam reduces the patient's radiation dose
Restricting the beam increases the patient's radiation dose

Explanation

Question 49 of 116

1

What is scatter often referred to as?

Select one of the following:

Compton scatter
Compton electron
Recoil electron

Explanation

Question 50 of 116

1

Where can the outer shell electron gain some energy from and what does it become?

Select one of the following:

Photon - becomes recoil/Compton electron
Neutron - becomes recoil/Compton electron
Electron - becomes Compton scatter
Photon - becomes Compton scatter

Explanation

Question 51 of 116

1

What happens to the x-ray photon when it collides with an outer shell electron?

Select one of the following:

Retains the remainder energy, but changes course (scatters) in a random direction
Increases its energy, but changes course (scatters) in a random direction
Decreases its energy, but changes course (scatters) in a random direction

Explanation

Question 52 of 116

1

Does the kVp value have a direct effect on scatter, regarding amount produced and direction of scatter?

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 53 of 116

1

Does a collimator compress and focus the x-ray beam?

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 54 of 116

1

A collimator works by 2 pairs of lead leaves which absorb or reflect the x-ray beam

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 55 of 116

1

Does a low kVp increase or decrease the scatter formation?

Select one of the following:

Decrease
Increase

Explanation

Question 56 of 116

1

If there is less scatter, how does the image look?

Select one of the following:

Less image
More image

Explanation

Question 57 of 116

1

What is needed to to counteract the less image?

Select one of the following:

More mA's
Less mA's

Explanation

Question 58 of 116

1

Why can a high mA be bad for a patient?

Select one of the following:

Higher patient dose
Produces more scatter
Decreases clarity of the image

Explanation

Question 59 of 116

1

What does a high kVp affect?

Select one of the following:

Contrast
Sharpness

Explanation

Question 60 of 116

1

What is good contrast?

Select one or more of the following:

Black
White
Grey
Low kVp
High kVp

Explanation

Question 61 of 116

1

What is optical density?

Select one of the following:

Overall darkness of the image
Overall lightness of the image

Explanation

Question 62 of 116

1

How do you maintain optical density?

Select one or more of the following:

Balance of kVp and mA is needed
kVp controls penetration
mA controls the colour of the image

Explanation

Question 63 of 116

1

What do you increase the kVp by to double the optical density?

Select one of the following:

10%
15%
20%
5%

Explanation

Question 64 of 116

1

What do you increase the mA by to double the optical density?

Select one of the following:

100%
80%
120%
90%

Explanation

Question 65 of 116

1

What are correct facts regarding the control panel?

Select one or more of the following:

Allows you to set kVp, mA and s
Allows upright v recumbent grids to be selected
Allows exposure to be made
Allows AEC (Automatic Exposure Chamber) and exact chamber to be selected

Explanation

Question 66 of 116

1

How many target sizes are there?

Select one of the following:

1
2
3
4

Explanation

Question 67 of 116

1

What size target is used for smaller exposures?

Select one of the following:

Smaller target
Larger target

Explanation

Question 68 of 116

1

What are correct facts regarding target size

Select one or more of the following:

Appropriate target sizes are used to avoid overheating the target material
The target size affects the quality of the image
The smaller target produces a larger penumbra around the image - causing it to looked blurred
The larger target produces a larger penumbra around the image - causing it to looked blurred
The larger target is used for smaller exposures
There are commonly 5 targets in an x-ray tube

Explanation

Question 69 of 116

1

The penumbra increases as the subject-receptor distance decreases

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 70 of 116

1

The penumbra decreases as the target-subject distance increases

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 71 of 116

1

The distance between the target and the subject, and the subject and receptor will affect the image

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 72 of 116

1

What is the subject-receptor distance also known as, and what size is desirable?

Select one of the following:

Object-image distance (OID) - small
Object-image distance (OID) - large
Source-image distance (SID) - small
Source-image distance (SID) - large

Explanation

Question 73 of 116

1

What benefits does a small OID give?

Select one or more of the following:

Reduces magnification
Geometric unsharpness
Reduces penumbra effect
Lower energy x-ray photons to dissipate
Allows the beam to be more homogenous

Explanation

Question 74 of 116

1

What distance is desirable for the Source-image distance (SID)?

Select one of the following:

Long
Short

Explanation

Question 75 of 116

1

What benefits are there with a long SID?

Select one or more of the following:

Reduces penumbra effect
Allows the lower energy x-ray photons to dissipate
Makes the beam more homogenous
Reduces magnification
Geometric un-sharpness

Explanation

Question 76 of 116

1

Is distortion undesirable in an x-ray image?

Select one of the following:

Yes
No

Explanation

Question 77 of 116

1

Why does distortion occur?

Select one of the following:

When there is too much energy penetrating the patient
When the anatomy lies at an inappropriate angle to the receptor, or vice versa

Explanation

Question 78 of 116

1

What factors make an x-ray optimal?

Select one or more of the following:

Collimate the beam to the relevant anatomy
Select a large target size
Have a short OID
Have a long OID
Have a short SID
Have a long SID
Selecting kVp to allow adequate penetration
Selecting mA ensuring enough photons get through the subject
Consider anatomy to the receptor
Ensuring balance of kVp and mAs to a suitable level of contrast

Explanation

Question 79 of 116

1

How can the Bucky be placed?

Select one or more of the following:

Vertically
Horizontally
Diagonally

Explanation

Question 80 of 116

1

What facts are correct regarding the Bucky?

Select one or more of the following:

Designed to hold a receptor
There is only one type of Bucky
It cannot be moved into various positions
It holds an anti-scatter grid
It holds the receptor close to the grid and the grid close to the protective front plate
It can contain automatic exposure chambers

Explanation

Question 81 of 116

1

What is the role of an anti-scatter grid?

Select one of the following:

To eliminate as much scatter as possible as it exits the patient and before it reaches the receptor
To eliminate as much scatter as possible as it enters the patient
To focus the scatter before it reaches the receptor
To decrease the amount of radiation to the patient

Explanation

Question 82 of 116

1

What is the grid ratio?

Select one of the following:

Height divided by the interspace thickness
Number of grid strips per centimetre

Explanation

Question 83 of 116

1

What is the grid frequency?

Select one of the following:

Number of grid strips per centimetre
Height divided by the interspace thickness

Explanation

Question 84 of 116

1

What type of lines does a linear grid have?

Select one of the following:

Parallel
Diagonal
Criss-cross

Explanation

Question 85 of 116

1

Where is a linear grid most efficient?

Select one of the following:

At the central section of the grid
At the outermost section of the grid
Over the whole grid

Explanation

Question 86 of 116

1

What is the cheapest and easiest grid to make?

Select one of the following:

Linear/parallel grid
Focused
Crossed
Static
Moving/reciprocating

Explanation

Question 87 of 116

1

What type of grid has angled strips?

Select one of the following:

Focused
Linear/parallel
Static
Crossed
Moving/reciprocating

Explanation

Question 88 of 116

1

Which portion of the grid matches the direction of the beam?

Select one of the following:

Whole grid
Centre portion of the grid
Outermost portion of the grid

Explanation

Question 89 of 116

1

What is the aim of a reciprocating grid?

Select one of the following:

Blur the shadows of the grid strips so they're not visible on the image
To decrease the amount of radiation
To improve the contrast of the image

Explanation

Question 90 of 116

1

What types of strips can a reciprocating grid have?

Select one or more of the following:

Parallel
Focused
Crossed

Explanation

Question 91 of 116

1

Why are crossed grids commonly found in general radiography practice?

Select one or more of the following:

They are extremely effective at scatter removal, as they're made up for 2 grids running at 90 degrees to each other
They are extremely effective at scatter removal, as they're made up for 4 grids running at 90 degrees to each other
They are the cheapest form of imaging
Difficult to use as the central part of the beam must be perpendicular and central to the grids

Explanation

Question 92 of 116

1

Why is an air gap beneficial instead of a grid?

Select one of the following:

Reduces the dose
Decreases the time exposed to the radiation
The image becomes clearer

Explanation

Question 93 of 116

1

What does the cassette hold close together?

Select one of the following:

Intensifying screens and film
Film and filament
Receptor and grid
Glass envelope and bearings

Explanation

Question 94 of 116

1

What do the phosphors act as in the intensifying screens?

Select one of the following:

Amplifiers - they convert the x-rays into visible light which then interacts with the film
Depressors - they convert the x-rays into visible light which then interacts with the film

Explanation

Question 95 of 116

1

What does the phosphor layer contain?

Select one of the following:

Crystals - image obtained depends on the size of these crystals
Protons - image obtained depends on the amount of these protons

Explanation

Question 96 of 116

1

What is spectral matching?

Select one of the following:

The emulsion is set to match the colour of light being emitted by the intensifying screens
The base is lightly tinted (pale blue or grey) to match the colour of light being emitted by the intensifying screens
Silver halide crystals are active in the emulsion
The emulsions are covered by a fine, translucent protective layer

Explanation

Question 97 of 116

1

A digital receptor has intensifying screens or film and an area for patient information

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 98 of 116

1

What facts are correct regarding digital receptors?

Select one or more of the following:

Cassette is a rigid, light-tight and dust-proof support
There is an area for patient information
There is a single sided imaging plate
There is a double sided imaging plate
The latent image is still invisible and needs to be processed

Explanation

Question 99 of 116

1

What is the order in an intensifying screen?

Select one of the following:

1) Protective coating
2) Phosphor (emulsion) layer
3) Reflective layer
4) Base
1) Protective coating
2) Reflective layer
3) Phosphor (emulsion) layer
4) Base

Explanation

Question 100 of 116

1

What is the base made of?

Select one of the following:

Strong, flexible, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)
Weak, flexible, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)
Strong, solid, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)
Weak, solid, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)

Explanation

Question 101 of 116

1

The higher the speed, the more re-active the screen is

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 102 of 116

1

What layers does the x-ray beam pass through?

Select one or more of the following:

Base
Reflective layer
Protective layer
Phosphor layer

Explanation

Question 103 of 116

1

Does the x-ray beam interact with the phosphor layer to emit light?

Select one of the following:

Yes
No

Explanation

Question 104 of 116

1

Why do the phosphors have a high atomic number?

Select one of the following:

So the x-ray absorption is high
So the x-ray absorption is low
So the light emitted from the x-ray beam is high
So the light emitted from the x-ray beam is low

Explanation

Question 105 of 116

1

What is the x-ray conversion efficiency?

Select one of the following:

Large amount of light per absorption of x-ray photons
Small amount of light per absorption of x-ray photons

Explanation

Question 106 of 116

1

How much afterglow is optimal?

Select one of the following:

Maximal
Minimal

Explanation

Question 107 of 116

1

Should the phosphors be affected by heat, humidity or any other environmental effects?

Select one of the following:

Yes
No

Explanation

Question 108 of 116

1

What do the emulsion layers of the intensifying screens contain that react to x-rays?

Select one of the following:

Crystals
Electrons
Protons
Light waves

Explanation

Question 109 of 116

1

What size crystals produce finer, more contained light?

Select one of the following:

Small
Medium
Large

Explanation

Question 110 of 116

1

What needs to happen in screens with small crystals?

Select one of the following:

More exposure to produce the same amount of image than screens with larger crystals - more dose
Less exposure to produce the same amount of image than screens with larger crystals - less dose

Explanation

Question 111 of 116

1

Where are fine crystal screens most commonly used?

Select one of the following:

Areas away from the torso
Lumbar spine
Pelvis
Thoracic spine

Explanation

Question 112 of 116

1

What direction is light emitted from the phosphors?

Select one of the following:

All directions
Diagonally
Vertically
Horizontally

Explanation

Question 113 of 116

1

What is the role of the reflective layer?

Select one of the following:

Redirects the light emitted from the phosphors, so as much light as possible is travelling towards the film
Redirects the scatter away from the receptor, so a minute amount of scatter is travelling towards the film

Explanation

Question 114 of 116

1

	Created by Laura Purssell about 9 years ago

Quiz on Radiography, created by Laura Purssell on 30/05/2015.

Radiography

Question 1 of 116

What does radiolucent mean?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 116

What density is radiopaque?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 116

Are all of these labels correct?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 116

What is A?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 116

What is B?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 116

What is C?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 116

What is D?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 116

What is E?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 116

What is the heel effect?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 116

What is the central ray?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 116

Controlling the size of the beam is a legal requirement

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 116

Keeping the beam large makes the image sharper

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 116

If a smaller volume of tissue is irradiated, is a smaller or larger scatter generated?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 116

Is scatter desirable?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 116

What structure controls the beam?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 116

How does a collimator work?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 116

Where should the patient be placed in regards to the Bucky and tube?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 116

What is true regarding the beam passing through the patient?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 116

What are correct facts regarding the Bucky?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 116

What is A?