Mara Roth
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1 Nutrition Quiz on Introductory Nutrition - Unit 4 - Chapter 7 & Chapter 8 (Metabolism), created by Mara Roth on 02/02/2021.

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Introductory Nutrition - Unit 4 - Chapter 7 & Chapter 8 (Metabolism)

Question 1 of 75

1

All the chemical and physical processes by which the body breaks down and builds up molecules is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • anabolism

  • catabolism

  • metabolism

  • photosynthesis

Explanation

Question 2 of 75

1

A special instrument to determine how much energy a food contains is called a ________.

Select one of the following:

  • densitometer

  • barometer

  • kilometer

  • calorimeter

Explanation

Question 3 of 75

1

The process of making larger molecules from smaller ones is called ________.

Select one of the following:

  • anabolism

  • catabolism

  • metabolism

  • photosynthesis

Explanation

Question 4 of 75

1

The process of breaking down large, complex molecules is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • anabolism

  • catabolism

  • metabolism

  • photosynthesis

Explanation

Question 5 of 75

1

The primary metabolic by-product of alcohol oxidation is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • pyruvate

  • glycogen

  • glucose

  • acetyl CoA

Explanation

Question 6 of 75

1

A catabolic process by which a larger molecule is broken down by the addition of water is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • condensation

  • oxidation

  • hydrolysis

  • metabolism

Explanation

Question 7 of 75

1

Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway ________.

Select one of the following:

  • that breaks down fats

  • that generates energy

  • that occurs in the nucleus

  • for synthesizing amino acids to form proteins

Explanation

Question 8 of 75

1

Glycolysis begins with ________ and ends with ________.

Select one of the following:

  • amino acids; hormones

  • pyruvate; glucose

  • glucose; pyruvic acid

  • glucose; glycogen

Explanation

Question 9 of 75

1

________ mediate metabolic reactions

Select one of the following:

  • Enzymes

  • Hormones

  • Fats

  • Carbohydrates

Explanation

Question 10 of 75

1

In the absence of ________ pyruvate is converted to ________.

Select one of the following:

  • energy; fatty acids

  • glucose; acetyl CoA

  • oxygen; lactic acid

  • glycogen; glucose

Explanation

Question 11 of 75

1

During metabolism, glucose is degraded to CO2 and water. The carbon dioxide is produced in ________.

Select one of the following:

  • the red blood cells

  • the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA)

  • the electron transport chain

  • glycolysis

Explanation

Question 12 of 75

1

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA) occurs in the ________ of the cell.

Select one of the following:

  • membrane

  • adipose tissue

  • mitochondria

  • nucleus

Explanation

Question 13 of 75

1

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA) reactions begin with ________.

Select one of the following:

  • pyruvate

  • glycogen

  • glucose

  • acetyl CoA

Explanation

Question 14 of 75

1

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA) activity decreases when ________ availability is limited.

Select one of the following:

  • oxygen

  • oxaloacetate

  • fatty acid

  • urea

Explanation

Question 15 of 75

1

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA ________.

Select one of the following:

  • occurs in the cytosol

  • requires CO2

  • is irreversible

  • is an anaerobic reaction

Explanation

Question 16 of 75

1

An acetyl CoA molecule can be converted to ________.

Select one of the following:

  • glucose

  • glycogen

  • fatty acids

  • lactic acid

Explanation

Question 17 of 75

1

The synthesis of fatty acids occurs in the ________ of the cell.

Select one of the following:

  • membrane

  • nucleus

  • mitochondria

  • cytosol

Explanation

Question 18 of 75

1

The breakdown of fatty acids occurs in the ________ of the cell.

Select one of the following:

  • membrane

  • nucleus

  • mitochondria

  • cytosol

Explanation

Question 19 of 75

1

________ shuttles fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria.

Select one of the following:

  • ATP

  • Carnitine

  • Pyruvate

  • Acetyl CoA

Explanation

Question 20 of 75

1

Fatty acids have relatively few oxygen atoms compared with ________, which results in a greater ATP production.

Select one of the following:

  • oxaloacetate

  • glucose

  • mitochondria

  • cytosol

Explanation

Question 21 of 75

1

The unique "side group" that remains after the amine group has been removed from a protein includes ________.

Select one of the following:

  • ammonia

  • a carbon skeleton

  • acetyl CoA

  • glucose

Explanation

Question 22 of 75

1

A highly toxic compound released during the deamination of amino acids is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • ketone

  • keto acid

  • ammonia

  • urea

Explanation

Question 23 of 75

1

The carbon skeleton of an amino acid can be converted to ________ to produce energy.

Select one of the following:

  • glucose

  • acetyl CoA

  • glycerol

  • glycogen

Explanation

Question 24 of 75

1

Excess dietary protein is converted to ________.

Select one of the following:

  • muscle

  • glycogen

  • triglycerides

  • glucose

Explanation

Question 25 of 75

1

After prolonged fasting, the brain adapts to using ________ to meet some of its fuel needs.

Select one of the following:

  • glycerol

  • ketones

  • fatty acids

  • amino acids

Explanation

Question 26 of 75

1

Which alcohol metabolic pathway is utilized with high alcohol consumption?

Select one of the following:

  • alcohol dehydrogenase

  • aldehyde dehydrogenase

  • ADH

  • MEOS

Explanation

Question 27 of 75

1

Which micronutrients are classified as water- or fat-soluble?

Select one of the following:

  • trace minerals

  • major minerals

  • vitamins

  • all vitamins and minerals

Explanation

Question 28 of 75

1

Fat-soluble vitamins ________.

Select one of the following:

  • are not stored in the body

  • can become toxic with overconsumption

  • are not found in foods

  • are macronutrients

Explanation

Question 29 of 75

1

An inorganic micronutrient that is required in the amount of 200mg per day is a ________.

Select one of the following:

  • fat-soluble vitamin

  • major mineral

  • trace mineral

  • major vitamin

Explanation

Question 30 of 75

1

Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed ________.

Select one of the following:

  • through the stomach lining

  • into the blood

  • poorly, so they must be consumed daily

  • into the lymph

Explanation

Question 31 of 75

1

Which of the following statements is correct?

Select one of the following:

  • We absorb 100% of heme iron.

  • We absorb about 3-5% of heme iron.

  • We absorb about 25% of heme iron.

  • Non-heme iron is the only type that is absorbed.

Explanation

Question 32 of 75

1

Which of the following statements about the absorption of minerals is FALSE?

Select one of the following:

  • Lactose increases the absorption of calcium.

  • Vitamin C increases the absorption of non-heme iron.

  • Dietary fat increases the absorption of vitamin A.

  • Oxalic acid increases the absorption of iron.

Explanation

Question 33 of 75

1

Research has suggested a link between adequate intakes of vitamin K and the prevention of ________.

Select one of the following:

  • osteoporosis

  • diabetes

  • heart disease

  • obesity

Explanation

Question 34 of 75

1

Research has suggested a link between adequate intakes of vitamin C and the prevention of ________.

Select one of the following:

  • the measles

  • cataracts

  • diabetes

  • beriberi

Explanation

Question 35 of 75

1

Which of these statements is FALSE?

Select one of the following:

  • Calcium may protect against hypertension.

  • Magnesium may protect against sarcopenia.

  • Vitamin E may protect against obesity.

  • Vitamin D may protect against colon cancer.

Explanation

Question 36 of 75

1

Which statement is TRUE?

Select one of the following:

  • Taking supplements is the best way to assure adequate vitamin and mineral intakes.

  • Whole foods are more healthful than their individual nutrients.

  • All adults need the same amount of micronutrients.

  • Each micronutrient has only one role in the body.

Explanation

Question 37 of 75

1

This protein accelerates the rate of chemical reactions but is not used up or changed during these reactions and is called a(n) ________.

Select one of the following:

  • folate

  • enzyme

  • hormone

  • nucleic acid

Explanation

Question 38 of 75

1

A(n) ________ is activated when it is combined with a coenzyme.

Select one of the following:

  • cell membrane

  • ATP

  • hormone

  • enzyme

Explanation

Question 39 of 75

1

The primary role of the B-vitamins is to ________.

Select one of the following:

  • provide energy

  • regulate blood glucose

  • act as coenzymes

  • reduce cholesterol

Explanation

Question 40 of 75

1

Some B-vitamins when taken in excess can be ________.

Select one of the following:

  • cleared by the kidney

  • toxic to the body

  • stored in the adipose tissue

  • excreted in the feces

Explanation

Question 41 of 75

1

Thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin work together in biochemical pathways that ________.

Select one of the following:

  • synthesize body tissues and lean body mass

  • promote proper nutrient digestion and absorption

  • release energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein

  • control fluid equilibrium and mineral balance

Explanation

Question 42 of 75

1

One of the first B-vitamin discovered was ________.

Select one of the following:

  • thiamin

  • niacin

  • pyridoxine

  • cobalamin

Explanation

Question 43 of 75

1

A deficiency of thiamin that affects the cardiovascular, muscular, nervous, and gastrointestinal system is called ________.

Select one of the following:

  • pellagra

  • scurvy

  • rickets

  • beriberi

Explanation

Question 44 of 75

1

People with the greatest risk of thiamin and riboflavin deficiency are ________.

Select one of the following:

  • infants

  • adolescents

  • the elderly

  • pregnant women

Explanation

Question 45 of 75

1

The average American adult consumes ________ amounts of thiamin in their diets.

Select one of the following:

  • toxic

  • adequate

  • deficient

  • negligible

Explanation

Question 46 of 75

1

Riboflavin is destroyed when exposed to ________.

Select one of the following:

  • light

  • heat

  • moisture

  • air

Explanation

Question 47 of 75

1

Pellagra is a disease ________.

Select one of the following:

  • that results from severe niacin deficiency

  • caused by thiamin deficiency

  • caused by riboflavin deficiency

  • characterized by low levels of thyroid hormone

Explanation

Question 48 of 75

1

________ is critical for amino acid metabolism.

Select one of the following:

  • Riboflavin

  • Niacin

  • B6

  • B12

Explanation

Question 49 of 75

1

________ is a coenzyme for more than 100 enzymes.

Select one of the following:

  • Thiamin

  • Niacin

  • B6

  • B12

Explanation

Question 50 of 75

1

Flushing of the face and skin can result from excess ________ supplementation.

Select one of the following:

  • thiamin

  • niacin

  • B6

  • riboflavin

Explanation

Question 51 of 75

1

B6 is important for the metabolism of ________.

Select one of the following:

  • cholesterol

  • folate

  • homocysteine

  • energy

Explanation

Question 52 of 75

1

An essential component of coenzyme A (CoA) is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • biotin

  • choline

  • pantothenic acid

  • iodine

Explanation

Question 53 of 75

1

A protein in raw egg whites can bind to ________ and prevent its absorption.

Select one of the following:

  • biotin

  • choline

  • pantothenic acid

  • iodine

Explanation

Question 54 of 75

1

A neurotransmitter that is involved in muscle movement and memory storage is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • homocysteine

  • biotin

  • pyridoxine

  • acetylcholine

Explanation

Question 55 of 75

1

Although widely distributed in food, inadequate intake of ________ can lead to increased fat accumulation in the liver.

Select one of the following:

  • biotin

  • choline

  • pantothenic acid

  • pyridoxine

Explanation

Question 56 of 75

1

This B-vitamin is a component of carboxylase enzymes, which serve as carbon dioxide carriers.

Select one of the following:

  • biotin

  • choline

  • pantothenic acid

  • pyridoxine

Explanation

Question 57 of 75

1

A nutrient-dense source of thiamin is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • pork

  • white flour

  • vegetables

  • fats

Explanation

Question 58 of 75

1

To protect ________ from destruction by sunlight, milk and milk products are packaged in paper and opaque plastic cartons.

Select one of the following:

  • thiamin

  • riboflavin

  • niacin

  • iodine

Explanation

Question 59 of 75

1

A component of thyroid hormones, ________ is added to salt to combat deficiency in the United States.

Select one of the following:

  • thiamin

  • riboflavin

  • niacin

  • iodine

Explanation

Question 60 of 75

1

The UL for ________ was determined by measuring elevated blood concentration and neurotoxicity levels.

Select one of the following:

  • iodine

  • manganese

  • chromium

  • sulfur

Explanation

Question 61 of 75

1

Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is TRUE?

Select one of the following:

  • It is required for carbohydrate metabolism.

  • Whole grains are a good source of this nutrient.

  • It is part of an antioxidant enzyme system.

  • It is essential for the functioning of the nervous system.

Explanation

Question 62 of 75

1

When cells engage in catabolism, chemical energy is released.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 63 of 75

1

Glycolysis yields a net of four ATP that can be used as energy for the cell.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 64 of 75

1

Liver synthesis of urea increases as dietary protein intake increases.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 65 of 75

1

The conversion of dietary carbohydrate to body fat is less efficient than the conversion of dietary fat to body fat.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 66 of 75

1

During prolonged starvation, serum levels of free fatty acids increase sharply.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 67 of 75

1

Adenosine monophosphate ________.

Select one of the following:

  • can be regenerated by adding two phosphate groups to ATP

  • is produced when one phosphate group is released from ATP

  • has one high-energy phosphate bond

  • is composed of one molecule of adenosine bonded to one phosphate group

Explanation

Question 68 of 75

1

In which of the following types of chemical reactions is a compound catabolized by the addition of a molecule of water?

Select one of the following:

  • hydrolysis

  • dehydration synthesis

  • oxidation

  • phosphorylation

Explanation

Question 69 of 75

1

In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate produced through glycolysis is converted to ________.

Select one of the following:

  • lactate

  • acetyl CoA

  • oxaloacetate

  • NADH

Explanation

Question 70 of 75

1

Excessive ketones are produced when ________.

Select one of the following:

  • people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet

  • acetyl CoA is converted to glucose

  • oxaloacetate availability falls and TCA cycle activity decreases

  • All of the above can prompt the production of excessive ketones.

Explanation

Question 71 of 75

1

Amino acids are unique from other energy-yielding compounds in that ________.

Select one of the following:

  • they cannot be converted to glucose (gluconeogenesis)

  • they contain nitrogen, which must be removed before the remaining compound can be used for energy

  • they contain ammonia, which the kidneys convert to urea and excrete from the body in urine

  • even when consumed to excess, they will not increase the synthesis of fatty acids

Explanation

Question 72 of 75

1

Of the approximately 160,000 kcal reserves in the body of a well-nourished 70-kg male, ________.

Select one of the following:

  • triglycerides account for about 50%, and glycogen and protein each about 25%

  • about 85% is from triglycerides, and most of the remaining 15% is from protein

  • triglycerides, glycogen, and protein each account for about 33%

  • about 75% is from triglycerides, and most of the remaining 25% is from glycogen

Explanation

Question 73 of 75

1

Most lipogenesis ________.

Select one of the following:

  • occurs when individuals consume an excess of glucogenic amino acids

  • occurs when acetyl CoA is converted into glycerol, which is in turn attached to fatty acid chains

  • occurs in liver cells

  • occurs in adipose cells

Explanation

Question 74 of 75

1

Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are ________

Select one of the following:

  • coenzymes

  • cofactors

  • anabolic hormones

  • catabolic hormones

Explanation

Question 75 of 75

1

During short-term fasts, the body uses ________

Select one of the following:

  • muscle and liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells

  • glucogenic amino acids to synthesize glucose

  • glycerol from adipose tissue to synthesize ketone bodies

  • amino acids from the breakdown of body proteins for gluconeogenesis

Explanation

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