Contemporary Lab Skills - Tissue Culture and Centrifugation

Question 1 of 70

1

Which of the following should be studied with a TISSUE culture?

Select one or more of the following:

Microorganisms
Animal
Human
Fungi
Plant
Cells derived from tissues

Explanation

Question 2 of 70

1

Which of the following should be studied with a CELL culture?

Select one or more of the following:

Microorganisms
Cells derived from tissues
Animals
Humans
Fungi
Plants

Explanation

Question 3 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Cells in a ( determined, plastic, mobile, static ) state remain the same after differentiating. ( Most, Stem ) cells are in this state.
Cells in a ( plastic, determined, mobile, static ) state are changing, usually before they differentiate. ( Stem, Most ) cells are in this state.

Explanation

Question 4 of 70

1

List the Biosafety labs in order from MOST to LEAST restrictive.

❌
❌
❌
❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Level 4

Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

Explanation

Question 5 of 70

1

Check all that apply to LEVEL 1 Biosafety labs.

Select one or more of the following:

Least restrictive
Worried about contamination of the culture
Most restrictive
Worried about containment of culture agents
Worried about exposure of workers
Non-pathogenic
Extremely pathogenic

Explanation

Question 6 of 70

1

Check all that apply to LEVEL 4 Biosafety labs.

Select one or more of the following:

Most restrictive
Extremely pathogenic
Worried about contamination of culture
Worried about containment of culture agents
Worried about exposure of workers
Least restrictive
Non-pathogenic

Explanation

Question 7 of 70

1

As long as you wash your hands and arms up to the elbow and sanitize with >70% ethanol, you shouldn't have to worry about contaminating your culture due to personal hygiene.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 8 of 70

1

Small pieces of jewelry are fine in a biosafety lab as long as they don't come into contact with your culture.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 9 of 70

1

Which level would MOST LIKELY require a full-body containment suit?

Select one of the following:

Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1

Explanation

Question 10 of 70

1

Although Level 1 Biosafety Labs are generally safe, it is still recommended that you wear a lab coat, cap, gloves, and face mask in order to prevent contamination of your culture.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 11 of 70

1

List the workspaces in order from LEAST to MOST protected/restricted.

❌
Air filtration system

❌
Air filtration system
Front shield
Ultraviolet (uv) irradiation

❌
Closed system
Interlock exchange

❌
Closed system
Interlock exchange

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Laminar flow hood

Containment hood

Glove box

Culture room

Alternate Dimension

Hand box

Air hood

Air conditioning vents

Explanation

Question 12 of 70

1

The interior of an autoclave must have high pressure in order to stop water from expanding at high internal temperatures.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

In order to sanitize using an autoclave, the object must be exposed to ( 121, 115, 21, 15 ) degrees C at ( 15, 21, 115, 121 ) psi for ( 15, 10, 20, 25, 30 ) minutes.

Explanation

Question 14 of 70

1

Which of the following are methods for FILTRATION sterilization?

Select one or more of the following:

Syringe filters
Vacuum filtration systems
Air filtration systems
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation
Gravity filters
Autoclave

Explanation

Question 15 of 70

1

Which of the following applies to Gamma irradiation?

Select one or more of the following:

Penetrating
Used for single-use, disposable items
Performed by manufacturer
Non-penetrating
Performed by worker
Used for various lab practices

Explanation

Question 16 of 70

1

Which of the following applies to Ultraviolet irradiation?

Select one or more of the following:

Penetrating
Used for single-use, disposable items
Performed by manufacturer
Non-penetrating
Performed by worker
Used for various lab practices

Explanation

Question 17 of 70

1

Culture media for cell/tissue growth MUST be well defined. Partially defined media will produce inconclusive results.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 18 of 70

1

Liquid media is also known as

Select one of the following:

broth
soup
smart water

Explanation

Question 19 of 70

1

Which of the following are examples of liquid media?

Select one or more of the following:

C source
N source
Osmotica
Agar dissolved in liquid media

Explanation

Question 20 of 70

1

Which of the following are examples of solid media?

Select one or more of the following:

Agar dissolved in liquid media
C source
N source
Osmotica

Explanation

Question 21 of 70

1

Culture Containers

❌:
tubes
flask
bottles

❌:
plates
tubes
magenta boxes

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Liquid Media

Solid Media

Explanation

Question 22 of 70

1

Which of these is an example of physical cell release?

Select one of the following:

shaking
enzymatic

Explanation

Question 23 of 70

1

Kelly attempted to cultivate individual bacterial colonies on a Petri plate with agar. However, when the culture had finished incubating, the colonies were in dense streaks throughout the plate with no colony isolation. Determine which step she most likely missed when streaking.

Kelly: "I collected a sample from the suspension using a rod, and made a streak on a side of the agar, making sure to save room for my other streaks. I immediately took my rod and ran it through the first streak once and dragging it over the agar into my second streak. I did the same thing for my third and fourth streaks."

Select one of the following:

She didn't sterilize her rod between streaks.
She had "double-dipped," taking a sample from the suspension between each streak.
Kelly did everything perfectly. There must have been something wrong with her equipment.

Explanation

Question 24 of 70

1

Which of the following are most effective at sanitizing metal instruments?

(Choose 3)

Select one or more of the following:

Disinfectants
Ethanol
Incinerator
Flame (Bunsen burner/alcohol lamp)
Heated glass beads

Explanation

Question 25 of 70

1

Which of the following are valid incubation conditions?

Select one or more of the following:

Temperature
Agitation
Aeration
Light/Dark
Pressure

Explanation

Question 26 of 70

1

Plants are usually incubated in __________ conditions.

Select one of the following:

Light/Dark
Agitation
Aeration
Temperature

Explanation

Question 27 of 70

1

Label the storage methods with their general conditions/uses

❌
-80 degrees C (freezer)
-177 degrees C (liquid nitrogen)

❌
50% glycerol
Prevents cell death

❌
Cell death
Scrape surface

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Long-term storage

Glycerol stocks

Freeze/thaw cycles

Explanation

Question 28 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Disposal of Biohazardous waste requires some preparation before disposal. Incineration is performed ( off-site, on-site ) waste conditioning, while autoclaving is performed ( on-site, off-site ).

Explanation

Question 29 of 70

1

Which the following is the BEST describes a plant tissue culture?
(Choose 3)

Select one or more of the following:

The whole plant is regenerated from isolated cells or tissue
High regeneration frequency
Cells amendable to transformation
Low regeneration frequency
Cells unamendable to transformation
The plant is regenerated from a seed

Explanation

Question 30 of 70

1

Match the medium/ingredient with its description

❌:
-plant tissue culture

❌:
-Required for Somatic embryo induction, Callus culture, & plantlet regeneration
-stimulates cell division/clumping, embryoid budding/clump formation, & root initiation
-ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT IN TISSUE CULTURE

❌:
-typically required for callus culture
-sometimes promotes required for somatic embryogenesis
-promotes plantlet regeneration
-ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT IN TISSUE CULTURE

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Murashgee & Skoog (MS) Medium

Auxins

Cytokinins

Explanation

Question 31 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Substantial, Minimal ) amounts of reduced Nitrogen are required in tissue cultures. Organic nitrogen sources that function better at ( low, high ) concentrations include glutamine, glutamic acid, urea, and alanine.

Explanation

Question 32 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Higher, Lower ) concentrations of auxins and ( lower, higher ) concentrations of cytokinins yield roots.
( Lower, Higher ) concentrations of auxins and ( higher, lower ) concentrations of cytokinins yield shoots.
Other combinations yields ( callus, nothing, whole plant growth ).

Explanation

Question 33 of 70

1

What is centrifugation typically used for?

Select one of the following:

separation of particles in a solution
converting a substance from a solid to liquid phase
sanitizing a solution
activating a chemical reaction

Explanation

Question 34 of 70

1

Separation is based on:

Select one or more of the following:

centrifugal force applied
Solute-solvent interactions
potential energy of the solution
weight of the solute

Explanation

Question 35 of 70

1

Centrifugal force is expressed as...

Select one of the following:

multiples of gravitational force (g-force)
Super spy guinea pigs (g-force)
newtons
dynes

Explanation

Question 36 of 70

1

Arrange the types of centrifuges according to their use:

Bigger particles (Cells)
❌
❌
❌
❌
Smaller particles (DNA/RNA)

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Low-speed

Micro-centrifuge

HIgh-Speed

Ultra-Centrifuge

Explanation

Question 37 of 70

1

Which of the following centrifuges should be refrigerated? Why?
(Choose 3)

Select one or more of the following:

High-Speed
Ultra-Centrifuge
The high speed of the centrifuge causes enough heat to become a hazard.
The types of particles that are separated using these types of centrifuge always require refrigeration
Micro-Centrifuge
Low-speed
The centrifuge is just too cool B-)

Explanation

Question 38 of 70

1

The motion of particles during centrifugation is calculated using ___________.

Select one of the following:

Stoke's equation
the Centrifugal Force equation
Barney's equation

Explanation

Question 39 of 70

1

Stoke's equation uses which of the following to calculate the motion of particles during centrifugation?

Select one or more of the following:

buoyancy
molecular interactions
all selected upon a spherical particle
all selected upon a liquid solvent
sedimentation

Explanation

Question 40 of 70

1

Select all that apply to sedimentation constants

Select one or more of the following:

constant for a given medium and particle
constant for only the given medium
constant for only the given particle
derived from stoke's equations
expressed seconds (s)
expressed in Svedbergs (S)
is related to molecular weight

Explanation

Question 41 of 70

1

1 Svedberg (S) = ______ seconds (s)

Select one of the following:

10^-13
10^13
10^-3
10^3
103
300

Explanation

Question 42 of 70

1

Which of the following will calculate centrifugal force?

Select one or more of the following:

RCF = (w^2)r/g
RCF = 11.18r/(rpm*1000)^2
RCF = 11.18(w^2)r/g
RCF = (r^2)w/g
RCF = (w^2)r/(rpm*1000)^2

Explanation

Question 43 of 70

1

label the abbreviations with their meaning in following equations for Centrifugal force.

RCF = (w^2)r/g
RCF = 11.18r/(rpm/1000)^@2

RCF = ❌
w = ❌
g = ❌
r = ❌ of particle from axis of rotation
rpm = ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

relative centrifugal force

revolving centrifugal force

angular velocity

centrifugal velocity

angular force

gravitational force

radial distance

radial circumference

revolutions per minute

radial force of motion

Explanation

Question 44 of 70

1

When centrifuging, equivalent masses MUST lay opposite each other in the rotor. This is more critical at lower g-forces because the lower speed allows for greater imbalance.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 45 of 70

1

Why must centrifuges be balanced before use?

Select one or more of the following:

prevent "walking" centrifuges
prevent spindle damage
prevent "flying" rotors
Trick question: a centrifuge will auto-balance

Explanation

Question 46 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

This is a ( fixed-angle, swinging bucket, vertical, continuous flow ) rotor.

(Type of Separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - ( Excellent, Poor, Good )
Rate zonal - ( Poor, Excellent, Good )
Isopycnic - ( Good, Excellent, Poor )

Explanation

Question 47 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

This is a ( swinging bucket, fixed-angle, vertical, continuous flow ) rotor.

(Type of separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - ( Inefficient, Good, Adequate )
Rate zonal - ( Good, Inefficient, Adequate )
Isopycnic - ( Adequate, Inefficient, Good )

Explanation

Question 48 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

This is a ( vertical, fixed-angle, swinging bucket, continuous flow ) rotor.

(Type of Separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - ( Poor, Good, Excellent )
Rate zonal - ( Good, Excellent, Poor )
Isopycnic - ( Excellent, Poor, Good )

Explanation

Question 49 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

This is a ( continuous flow, fixed-angle, vertical, swinging bucket ) rotors.

(Type of separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - ( Poor, Excellent, Adequate )
Rate zonal - ( Excellent, Poor, Adequate )
Isopycnic - ( Adequate, Poor, Excellent )

Explanation

Question 50 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Centrifugal rotors are rated for ( maximum operating speed, size, average operating speed, user satisfaction ). The rating is established by ( the manufacturer, a scientific commitee ) based on ( construction materials, height, maximum number of samples ) and ( design, radius, balance ).

Explanation

Question 51 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

De-rating is the reduction in maximum operating ( speed, time, frequency ) after a period of use. The de-rating schedule is established by ( the manufacturer, the user, a scientific committee ). It prolongs the useful life of the rotor, albeit at a lower maximum operating ( speed, frequency, time ).

Explanation

Question 52 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The picture depicts ( pelleting, rate zonal centrifugation, isopycnic centrifugation ), which happens when using a ( fixed angle, vertical, swinging bucket, continuous flow ) rotor to centrifuge until the particles sediment to the bottom of the tube.

Explanation

Question 53 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Differential pelleting, Rate zonal centrifugation, Isopycnic centrifugation, pelleting ) happens after repeating centrifugation at higher RCFs. The pellets sediment to the bottom based on size and mass
(( Nuclei, Chloroplast, Mitochondria ) > ( Chloroplast, Nuclei, Mitochondria ) > ( Mitochondria, Nuclei, Chloroplast ))

Explanation

Question 54 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

This is ( rate zonal centrifugation, pelleting, differential pelleting, isopycnic centrifugation ), which separates particles based on mass and shape. The sample is stabilized by a ( sucrose, glucose ) gradient so that sedimentations happen in layers (sedimentation constants proportional to ( molecular weight, size, density )).

A ( swinging bucket, vertical, fixed angle, continuous flow ) rotor is used for analytical purposes and small-scale preps, while a ( vertical, fixed angle, swinging bucket, continuous flow ) rotor is used for larger particles.

Explanation

Question 55 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

This is ( isopycnic centrifugation, pelleting, rate zonal centrifugation, differential pelleting ), or equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. In this kind of centrifugation, migration stops when particle ( density, heat energy ) equals medium ( density, heat energy ).

For this kind of centrifugation, a ( vertical, swinging bucket, fixed angle, continuous flow ) rotor is fast and produces high resolution. A ( fixed angle, vertical, swinging bucket ) rotor produces a high resolution, and a ( swinging bucket, vertical, fixed angle ) rotor has a high capacity.

Explanation

Question 56 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Label as it applies to the pictured centrifugation (( isopycnic, fixed angle, continuous flow, swinging bucket )):

Typical gradients:
( CsCl, Percoll, Ca2SO4 ) (most common)
( Percoll, Ca2SO4, CsCl ) (common)
( Ca2SO4, CsCl, Percoll ) (occasionally)

Typical starting density = ( 1.55, 1.15, 5.11, 5.51 ) CsCl/mL

Density or buoyant density (p) in CsCl
Protens = ( 1.3, 1.16, 1.8 )
dsDNA = ( 1.6-1.7, 1.3-1.6, 1.75-1.8 )
RNA = ( 1.75-1.8, 1.3-1.6, 1.6-1.7 )

p is used to separate and characterize ( DNA, RNA, Chloroplasts )
p = 1.660 + 0.098*(G + C)
where (G + C) = ( mole, density ) fraction

Explanation

Question 57 of 70

1

In plants, G + C (the mole fraction) may be too similar to separate and characterize DNA using isopycnic centrifugation. In this case, one would have to isolate the organelles to get the DNA.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 58 of 70

1

Label with the corresponding type of gradient

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Linear Gradient

Concave Gradient

Convex Gradient

Step Gradient

Explanation

Question 59 of 70

1

Which of the following are continuous density gradients?

Select one or more of the following:

Linear
Concave
Convex
Step

Explanation

Question 60 of 70

1

Which type of gradient is the most common?

Select one of the following:

Linear
Concave
Convex
Step

Explanation

Question 61 of 70

1

Which of the following would likely show a step gradient after centrifugation?

Select one or more of the following:

Cells
Organelles
Chlorophyll
DNA

Explanation

Question 62 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The picture depicts a ( gradient maker, Hamilton machine, gradient chamber ): a ( two, three, four )-chambered apparatus that controls the mixing of two solutions to form a gradient.

Explanation

Question 63 of 70

1

Which of the following are self-forming gradients?

Select one or more of the following:

CsCl
CsSO4
Percoll
Chlorophyll
Hemoglobin
Fibrinogen

Explanation

Question 64 of 70

1

The method used to separate the supernatant from pellet with minimal cross-contamination depends on ____________.

Select one of the following:

the position of the pellet
the viscosity of the supernatant
the type of container used
the density of the supernatant
the molecular weight of the pellet

Explanation

Question 65 of 70

1

Which of these are methods of removing a supernatant?

Select one or more of the following:

Pour method
Pipet method
Propagation method
Resuspension method
Sedimentation method

Explanation

Question 66 of 70

1

Which of these are resuspension methods?

Select one or more of the following:

Inversion
Shaking
Vortexing
Pipet
Pour
Chaos

Explanation

Question 67 of 70

1

Which of these are methods of recovering bands?

Select one or more of the following:

Pipet method
Syringe method
Drip method
Float method
Pour method
Vortex method

Explanation

Question 68 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

One way of concentrating samples is through ( precipitation, spin collumns ), where one centrifuges to pellet and collects the precipitate. Then one resuspends the pellet in the buffer to the desired concentration.

( Nucleic Acids, Proteins )
- Ethanol
- Isopropanol
( Proteins, Nucleic Acids )
- Acetone
- Ammonium sulfate
- Isopropanol
- Trichloroacetic acid

Explanation

Question 69 of 70

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

One way of concentrating samples is ( spin columns, precipitation ), where one centrifuges a tube with 2 chambers with a ( molecular weight, density, size selection ) cut off membrane separating the compartments. Before centrifugation, the upper chamber contains a ( dilute, concentrated ) sample. The lower chamber collects the ( filtrate, concentrated sample ) during centrifugation, while the lip surrounding the membrane collects the ( concentrated sample, filtrate ) in the upper chamber.

Explanation

Question 70 of 70

1

To recover samples from small-volume solutions, pulse-spin the tube to accumulate liquid at the ____________ of the tube.

Select one of the following:

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	Created by Jo O'Bar over 3 years ago

Study quiz for exam 1 in Contemporary Lab Skills

Contemporary Lab Skills - Tissue Culture and Centrifugation

Contemporary Lab Skills - Tissue Culture and Centrifugation

Question 1 of 70

Which of the following should be studied with a TISSUE culture?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 70

Which of the following should be studied with a CELL culture?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 70

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 4 of 70

List the Biosafety labs in order from MOST to LEAST restrictive. ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 5 of 70

Check all that apply to LEVEL 1 Biosafety labs.

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 70

Check all that apply to LEVEL 4 Biosafety labs.

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 70

As long as you wash your hands and arms up to the elbow and sanitize with >70% ethanol, you shouldn't have to worry about contaminating your culture due to personal hygiene.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 70

Small pieces of jewelry are fine in a biosafety lab as long as they don't come into contact with your culture.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 70

Which level would MOST LIKELY require a full-body containment suit?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 70

Although Level 1 Biosafety Labs are generally safe, it is still recommended that you wear a lab coat, cap, gloves, and face mask in order to prevent contamination of your culture.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 70

List the workspaces in order from LEAST to MOST protected/restricted. ❌ Air filtration system ❌ Air filtration system Front shield Ultraviolet (uv) irradiation ❌ Closed system Interlock exchange ❌ Closed system Interlock exchange

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 12 of 70

The interior of an autoclave must have high pressure in order to stop water from expanding at high internal temperatures.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 70

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

In order to sanitize using an autoclave, the object must be exposed to 121 115 21 15( 121, 115, 21, 15 ) degrees C at 15 21 115 121( 15, 21, 115, 121 ) psi for 15 10 20 25 30( 15, 10, 20, 25, 30 ) minutes.

Explanation

Question 14 of 70

Which of the following are methods for FILTRATION sterilization?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 70

Which of the following applies to Gamma irradiation?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 70

Which of the following applies to Ultraviolet irradiation?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 70

Culture media for cell/tissue growth MUST be well defined. Partially defined media will produce inconclusive results.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 70

Liquid media is also known as

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 70

Which of the following are examples of liquid media?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 70

Which of the following are examples of solid media?

List the Biosafety labs in order from MOST to LEAST restrictive.

❌
❌
❌
❌

List the workspaces in order from LEAST to MOST protected/restricted.

❌
Air filtration system

❌
Air filtration system
Front shield
Ultraviolet (uv) irradiation

❌
Closed system
Interlock exchange

❌
Closed system
Interlock exchange

In order to sanitize using an autoclave, the object must be exposed to ( 121, 115, 21, 15 ) degrees C at ( 15, 21, 115, 121 ) psi for ( 15, 10, 20, 25, 30 ) minutes.

Culture Containers

❌:
tubes
flask
bottles

❌:
plates
tubes
magenta boxes

Which of the following are most effective at sanitizing metal instruments?

(Choose 3)

Label the storage methods with their general conditions/uses

❌
-80 degrees C (freezer)
-177 degrees C (liquid nitrogen)

❌
50% glycerol
Prevents cell death

❌
Cell death
Scrape surface

Disposal of Biohazardous waste requires some preparation before disposal. Incineration is performed ( off-site, on-site ) waste conditioning, while autoclaving is performed ( on-site, off-site ).

Which the following is the BEST describes a plant tissue culture?
(Choose 3)

( Substantial, Minimal ) amounts of reduced Nitrogen are required in tissue cultures. Organic nitrogen sources that function better at ( low, high ) concentrations include glutamine, glutamic acid, urea, and alanine.

Arrange the types of centrifuges according to their use:

Bigger particles (Cells)
❌
❌
❌
❌
Smaller particles (DNA/RNA)

Which of the following centrifuges should be refrigerated? Why?
(Choose 3)