Caroline Conlan
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Final study guide for 9th grade earth and space science

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Caroline Conlan
Created by Caroline Conlan over 9 years ago
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Science Final Study Guide

Science Final Study Guide

Question 1 of 123

1

How are atoms structured?

Select one of the following:

  • Electrons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, protons surround nucleus

  • Molecules and neutrons are located in the nucleus, electrons surround nucleus

  • Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, electrons surround nucleus

  • Protons and electrons are located in the nucleus, neutrons surround nucleus

Explanation

Question 2 of 123

1

How do we determine the mass and number of an atom?

Select one of the following:

  • Mass is equal to the number of neutrons in the nucleus, and the number is the sum of protons and electrons.

  • Mass is the sum of protons and neutrons, and the number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

  • Mass is the sum of electrons and neutrons, and the number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

  • Mass is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus, and the number is the sum of neutrons and electrons.

Explanation

Question 3 of 123

1

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 123

1

What is an isotope?

Select one of the following:

  • Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

  • An element with more protons than neutron

  • A pair of valence electrons in an element

  • A group of elements that have the same amount of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Explanation

Question 5 of 123

1

What are the different states of matter?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Gas

  • Liquid

  • Vapor

  • Plasma

  • Condensation

  • Solid

  • Volatile

Explanation

Question 6 of 123

1

A solid can take on shapes of its container.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 123

1

A liquid flows easily and is not easily compressible.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 123

1

Gases have large spaces between particles and move freely.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 123

1

What is Plasma?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Heated to temperatures of 5,000 degrees C

  • Least commonly found state of matter

  • Another word for a gas

  • Collisions knock atoms together that the electrons are knocked away from the atoms

  • Found in Stars, Sun, Lightning, Light Bulbs, and neon signs

Explanation

Question 10 of 123

1

Mixtures cannot be separated easily.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 123

1

What are compounds?

Select one of the following:

  • Composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined

  • Composed of multiple atoms of one element that are chemically combined

  • Composed of different elements that are physically combined

  • Composed of multiple atoms of one element that are physically combined

Explanation

Question 12 of 123

1

What are some special features in identifying a mineral?

Select one or more of the following:

  • inorganic

  • solution

  • solid with a specific chemical composition

  • a definite crystalline structure

  • synthetically produced

Explanation

Question 13 of 123

1

Field Tests to identify a mineral sample.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Color

  • Lust

  • Texture

  • Streak

  • Weight

  • Size

  • Hardness

  • Cleavage & Fracture

  • Ores

  • Gems

Explanation

Question 14 of 123

1

What should be on the y-axis of graphs?

Select one of the following:

  • Distance

  • Time

Explanation

Question 15 of 123

1

What should be on the x-axis?

Select one of the following:

  • Distance

  • Time

Explanation

Question 16 of 123

1

What are the causes for a sedimentary rock to turn into a metamorphic rock?

Select one of the following:

  • Changed by heat, pressure, and/or chemical action

  • Weathering & Erosion

  • melting and Solidification

Explanation

Question 17 of 123

1

How do sedimentary Rocks form?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Weathering and Erosion

  • Compaction and Cementation

  • transportation and Deposition

  • Heat and Pressure

Explanation

Question 18 of 123

1

In what Type of rock can a fossil be found?

Select one of the following:

  • Sedimentary

  • Metamorphic

  • Igneous

Explanation

Question 19 of 123

1

Latitude lines show north & South and include the Equator.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 123

1

Longitude lines show east & west and the Prime Meridian is 0 degrees.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 123

1

How many time zones are there?

Select one of the following:

  • 24

  • 6

  • 12

  • 36

Explanation

Question 22 of 123

1

What is the equator?

Select one of the following:

  • 0 degrees latitude

  • 0 degrees longitude

  • 180 degrees longitude

  • 90 degrees latitude

Explanation

Question 23 of 123

1

Each Longitude line is 15 degrees, how much time is in between?

Select one of the following:

  • one hour

  • two hours

  • one day

  • 12 hours

Explanation

Question 24 of 123

1

The South Pole is at 90 degrees north.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 123

1

What type of river is the oldest?

Select one of the following:

  • Meandering

  • Braided

  • Anabranching

Explanation

Question 26 of 123

1

What is the time zone difference between Boston and Denver?

Select one of the following:

  • 2 hours

  • 4 hours

  • 1 hour

  • They are in the same time zone

Explanation

Question 27 of 123

1

What is the energy released during an earthquake?

Select one of the following:

  • magnitude

  • intensity

  • seismic waves

  • aftershock

Explanation

Question 28 of 123

1

Where are you safest during an earthquake?

Select one of the following:

  • Under a sturdy table or in a door frame

  • Under a sturdy table or move quickly

  • In a door frame or move quickly

Explanation

Question 29 of 123

1

The quiet volcano is the shield volcano and it is round with sloping sides

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 30 of 123

1

Which type of volcano is the most explosive?

Select one of the following:

  • Composite

  • Shield

  • Cinder Cone

Explanation

Question 31 of 123

1

What causes volcanoes to explode?

Select one of the following:

  • Pressure of gases

  • Shifting of plates

Explanation

Question 32 of 123

1

Where is the Ring of Fire located?

Select one of the following:

  • Outside of the Pacific Ocean

  • Outside of the Atlantic Ocean

  • Outside of the Indian Ocean

  • Outside of the Arctic Ocean

  • Only In Asia

  • Only In America

  • Only In Europe

  • Only In Africa

Explanation

Question 33 of 123

1

In what time period is the early man formed?

Select one of the following:

  • Cenozoic

  • Paleozoic

  • Mesozoic

  • Precambrian

Explanation

Question 34 of 123

1

What phase of the moon comes after the New Moon

Select one of the following:

  • Waxing Crescent

  • Waning Crescent

  • Waxing Quarter

  • Waning Quarter

Explanation

Question 35 of 123

1

What is a wave's length?

Select one of the following:

  • From crest to crest

  • From trough to crest

  • From trough to trough

Explanation

Question 36 of 123

1

Which has the shortest wave length?

Select one of the following:

  • gamma ray

  • UV rays

  • Radio

  • Micro wave

  • Infrared

  • Visible

  • X-Ray

Explanation

Question 37 of 123

1

Which has the longest wave length?

Select one of the following:

  • Radio

  • Microwave

  • Infrared

  • Visible

  • ultraviolet

  • X-ray

  • Gamma ray

Explanation

Question 38 of 123

1

Freshwater is denser than ocean water.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 39 of 123

1

What type of clouds create thunderstorms?

Select one of the following:

  • cumulonimbus

  • stratus

  • cumulus

  • cirrus

  • stratocumulus

Explanation

Question 40 of 123

1

In what type of fault does the hanging wall slide down and the foot wall go up?

Select one of the following:

  • normal

  • reverse

  • strike-slip

Explanation

Question 41 of 123

1

What is the epicenter?

Select one of the following:

  • the above ground origin of the earhtquake

  • the under ground origin of the earhtquake

  • a break in Earth's crust

Explanation

Question 42 of 123

1

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Select one of the following:

  • the under ground origin of an earthquake

  • the above ground origin of an earthquake

  • a break in Earth's crust

Explanation

Question 43 of 123

1

Which type of seismic wave is the fastest?

Select one of the following:

  • Primary waves

  • Secondary Waves

  • Surface waves

Explanation

Question 44 of 123

1

What are the three types of seismic waves?

Select one or more of the following:

  • primary

  • secondary

  • surface

  • normal

  • reverse

  • strikeslip

  • transform

  • divergent

  • convergent

Explanation

Question 45 of 123

1

What are the three types of rivers listed from oldest to youngest?

Select one of the following:

  • straight, braided, meandering

  • meandering, braided, straight

  • braided, straight, meandering

  • braided, meandering, straight

Explanation

Question 46 of 123

1

A contour line is a line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 47 of 123

1

How do you know if a rock is fluorescent?

Select one of the following:

  • shining a UV light on it

  • putting it in the dark

  • it had bright colors

Explanation

Question 48 of 123

1

Scratching rocks together determines the hardness

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 49 of 123

1

There is 180 degrees between each pole and the equator.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 50 of 123

1

In what hemisphere does the Coriolis effect turn clockwise?

Select one of the following:

  • Northern Hemisphere

  • Southern Hemisphere

  • Western Hemisphere

  • Eastern Hemisphere

Explanation

Question 51 of 123

1

In what hemisphere does the Coriolis effect turn counterclockwise?

Select one of the following:

  • Northern Hemisphere

  • Southern Hemisphere

  • Eastern Hemisphere

  • Western Hemisphere

Explanation

Question 52 of 123

1

What is a space rock called when it enters Earth's atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • meteor

  • asteroid

  • comet

  • meteorite

Explanation

Question 53 of 123

1

What type of thunderstorm is created by an extreme change in temperature over land vs water?

Select one of the following:

  • seabreeze thunderstorm

  • single cell

  • supercell

  • multicell

Explanation

Question 54 of 123

1

In which direction does weather often move in the United States?

Select one of the following:

  • North to south

  • South to north

  • East to west

  • West to east

Explanation

Question 55 of 123

1

What occurs when oceanic crust and continental crust collide and the oceanic crust goes under? Pick three.

Select one or more of the following:

  • earthquakes

  • volcano

  • subduction zone

  • mountains

  • island

Explanation

Question 56 of 123

1

Which zone is below the water table?

Select one of the following:

  • Zone of saturation

  • Zone of aeration

Explanation

Question 57 of 123

1

Which zone is above the water table?

Select one of the following:

  • Zone of saturation

  • Zone of aeration

Explanation

Question 58 of 123

1

What is caused by water expanding when it freezes?

Select one of the following:

  • ice wedging

  • cross-cutting

  • glaciers

Explanation

Question 59 of 123

1

A map legend/key explains what the symbols on the map represent.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 60 of 123

1

What process breaks down rocks?

Select one of the following:

  • erosion

  • weathering

  • mass movement

Explanation

Question 61 of 123

1

What process moves the broken down material on Earth's surface?

Select one of the following:

  • weathering

  • erosion

  • mass movement

Explanation

Question 62 of 123

1

What is the most permeable layer through which water flows easily?

Select one of the following:

  • aquifer

  • well

  • bedrock

  • humus

Explanation

Question 63 of 123

1

If the wind is blowing from the west, which side of the sand dune will be the steepest?

Select one of the following:

  • north

  • south

  • east

  • west

Explanation

Question 64 of 123

1

Which is an example of a mixture?

Select one or more of the following:

  • soup

  • salt

  • sugar

  • water

Explanation

Question 65 of 123

1

Which of the following is a compound?

Select one or more of the following:

  • water

  • table salt

  • sucrose

  • soil

  • air

  • iron

  • oxygen

Explanation

Question 66 of 123

1

What are the four agents of erosion?

Select one or more of the following:

  • wind

  • water

  • gravity

  • glaciers

  • sun

  • soil

  • sand

Explanation

Question 67 of 123

1

What causes erosion and weathering to break down rocks?

Select one or more of the following:

  • mechanical(physical) weathering

  • chemical weathering

Explanation

Question 68 of 123

1

Soil's A Horizon includes a concentration of organic matter and humus and is dark in color.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 69 of 123

1

Soil's B Horizon is enriched with clay and minerals, is under A horizon, is less-developed and hardpan.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 70 of 123

1

What are some characteristics of the C horizon?

Select one or more of the following:

  • under B horizon

  • above B horizon

  • above solid bedrock

  • below solid bedrock

  • contains weathered plant material

  • contains clay and minerals

Explanation

Question 71 of 123

1

How do sand dunes form?

Select one of the following:

  • from the wind blowing sand

  • sand being washed onto the beach by waves

Explanation

Question 72 of 123

1

Carrying capacity explains that the faster the flowing wate,r the more the load can take

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 73 of 123

1

What is the load of a stream?

Select one of the following:

  • all materials the water carries

  • the volume of the water

  • the velocity of the water in the stream

  • everything in a stream

Explanation

Question 74 of 123

1

What is a water table?

Select one of the following:

  • upper boundary of the zone of saturation

  • ground water flow in permeable layer

  • area surrounding a pumping cell and supplies groundwater to recharge the cell

Explanation

Question 75 of 123

1

What is the zone of contribution?

Select one of the following:

  • upper boundary of the zone of saturation

  • ground water flow in permeable layer

  • area surrounding a pumping cell and supplies groundwater to recharge the cell

Explanation

Question 76 of 123

1

What does the Richter Scale measure?

Select one of the following:

  • magnitude

  • intensity

  • vibrations

  • movement

Explanation

Question 77 of 123

1

What does the Mercalli Scale measure?

Select one of the following:

  • magnitude

  • intensity

  • vibrations

  • movement

Explanation

Question 78 of 123

1

Where do most volcanos occur?

Select one of the following:

  • plate boundaries

  • on land

  • in the ocean

  • the middle of plates

Explanation

Question 79 of 123

1

Extrusive igneous rocks reach the surface through volcanos and cool quickly.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 80 of 123

1

Intrusive igneous rocks are glassy and have small crystals like obsidian.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 81 of 123

1

What is a hot spot?

Select one of the following:

  • unusually hot region's of Earth's mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface

  • where two plates meet and collide and form a volcano

  • Where an active volcano is located

  • concentrated magma in the mantle

Explanation

Question 82 of 123

1

How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?

Select one of the following:

  • from a hot spot

  • plate boundary

  • convection currents

Explanation

Question 83 of 123

1

Which of the following are part of a wave?

Select one or more of the following:

  • fetch

  • trough

  • crest

  • wave length

  • wave height

  • breaking point

  • backwash

  • swash

Explanation

Question 84 of 123

1

What happens at the Mid-Ocean Ridge and Earth's crust?

Select one of the following:

  • seafloor spreading

  • subduction

  • volcanos

  • earthquakes

Explanation

Question 85 of 123

1

What is a subduction zone?

Select one of the following:

  • Where denser crust sinks back into the asthenosphere

  • Where denser crust sinks back into the lithosphere

  • Where lighter crust sinks back into the asthenosphere

  • Where lighter crust sinks back into the lithosphere

Explanation

Question 86 of 123

1

There is no difference between oceanic and continental crust.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 87 of 123

1

What are the different types of plate boundaries?

Select one or more of the following:

  • transform

  • convergent

  • divergent

  • normal

  • reverse

  • fault

  • line

Explanation

Question 88 of 123

1

When plates collide, the denser plate sinks back into the asthenosphere, or if with continents, folded mountains form.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 89 of 123

1

How is geologic time broken down?

Select one or more of the following:

  • era

  • eon

  • period

  • epoch

  • time

  • century

  • decade

Explanation

Question 90 of 123

1

Super positioning says that the oldest rock layer is on the bottom, and they get older going up.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 91 of 123

1

What is a rock layer that is out of place and a disruption to the order?

Select one of the following:

  • unconformity

  • nonconformity

  • index fossil

  • key bed

  • disconformity

Explanation

Question 92 of 123

1

What is uniformitarianism?

Select one of the following:

  • The processes and natural laws that occur on Earth now, have always been at work on the Earth

  • The processes and natural laws that occur on Earth now, have not always been at work on the Earth

  • That every rock layer at the same depth is the same throughout the Earth

  • That every rock layer at the same depth is not the same throughout the Earth

Explanation

Question 93 of 123

1

Tides on Earth are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 94 of 123

1

What is the amount of salt in minerals in ocean water?

Select one of the following:

  • salinity

  • saltiness

  • density

  • sodium levels

Explanation

Question 95 of 123

1

What is an ocean current?

Select one of the following:

  • the large movement of a wave in one direction

  • the rising and falling of sea level

Explanation

Question 96 of 123

1

What happens in a convection current?

Select one of the following:

  • warm air rises, and cold air sinks

  • warm air sinks, and cold air rises

Explanation

Question 97 of 123

1

How long is a solar year in days? (approximately)

Select one of the following:

  • 365

  • 24

  • 12

  • 248

  • 60

Explanation

Question 98 of 123

1

What type of lava does a shield volcano eject?

Select one of the following:

  • rhyolitic

  • basaltic

Explanation

Question 99 of 123

1

What type of lava does a composite volcano eject?

Select one of the following:

  • rhyolitic

  • basaltic

Explanation

Question 100 of 123

1

What type of lava does a cinder volcano elect?

Select one of the following:

  • rhyolitic

  • basaltic

Explanation

Question 101 of 123

1

What theory is accepted for the origin of our universe?

Select one of the following:

  • The Big Bang theory

  • Steady State

  • Creation theory

  • Oscillating universe

  • Eternal inflation

Explanation

Question 102 of 123

1

A solstice is when the sun reaches the highest or lowest point in the sky at noon, winter and summer solstice are the shortest and longest days.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 103 of 123

1

The day when daytime and night are of approximately equal duration is an equinox.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 104 of 123

1

How can we tell how old a fossil is?

Select one or more of the following:

  • relative dating

  • radioactive dating

  • comparative dating

  • location dating

Explanation

Question 105 of 123

1

What elements are used for radioactive dating?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Uranium-238

  • Carbon-14

  • Oxygen-10

  • Hydrogen-2

Explanation

Question 106 of 123

1

Mendeleev is the father of geology

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 107 of 123

1

How important are certain organisms that lived on Earth but no longer live here to geologic time?

Select one of the following:

  • They can be found in fossils in rock layers and show how old the rock layer is.

  • They have no importance.

  • They are not shown in old rock layers because they no longer exist.

Explanation

Question 108 of 123

1

Why is tyrannosaurus rex an important fossil to find? Choose the most important

Select one of the following:

  • It is an index fossil to show how old the rock layer is

  • They help us learn about the time of dinosaurs

  • There is no importance

Explanation

Question 109 of 123

1

What is cross-cutting of rock formations that Hutton discovered?

Select one of the following:

  • When one type of rock cuts through other rocks, it had to form after the rocks that it cuts.

  • When one type of rock cuts through other rocks, it had to form before the rocks that it cuts.

Explanation

Question 110 of 123

1

Rock layering is important in understanding the passing of time in Earth and measuring it, because different layers contain different fossils and types of soil.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 111 of 123

1

How does density affect the movement of warm and cold ocean water?

Select one of the following:

  • Warm water rises to the surface and then cold water sinks to the bottom, when heated up this deep water rises and the warm water cools and sinks.

  • Cold water rises to the surface and then warm water sinks to the bottom, when cooled this deep water rises and the cold water warms and sinks.

  • Warm and cool water have the same density and there is no movement between

Explanation

Question 112 of 123

1

Sparks of electricity from water droplets blowing apart generates lightning in a thunderstorm.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 113 of 123

1

What type of wind moves from California towards New York?

Select one of the following:

  • prevailing westerlies

  • prevailing easterlies

Explanation

Question 114 of 123

1

How does a rain drop form?

Select one of the following:

  • water droplets collide and become too heavy for the cloud to hold

  • droplets of water group together

Explanation

Question 115 of 123

1

What process changes something from a liquid to a gas?

Select one of the following:

  • evaporation

  • condensation

  • Conduction

  • Convection

  • sublimation

Explanation

Question 116 of 123

1

What process changes something from a gas to a liquid?

Select one of the following:

  • evaporation

  • condensation

  • conduction

  • convection

  • sublimation

Explanation

Question 117 of 123

1

What process transfers energy through colliding materials?

Select one of the following:

  • evaporation

  • condensation

  • conduction

  • convection

  • sublimation

Explanation

Question 118 of 123

1

What process transfers energy through the flow of a heated substance?

Select one of the following:

  • evaporation

  • condensation

  • conduction

  • convection

  • sublimation

Explanation

Question 119 of 123

1

What process changes something from a solid to a gas?

Select one of the following:

  • evaporation

  • condensation

  • conduction

  • convection

  • sublimation

Explanation

Question 120 of 123

1

A cold front includes clouds and rain.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 121 of 123

1

A warm front causes thunderstorms.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 122 of 123

1

What are the main stages of the Star Cycle?

Select one or more of the following:

  • nebula

  • protostar

  • star

  • red giant

  • white dwarf

  • gas giants

  • terrestrial

  • planetary nebula

Explanation

Question 123 of 123

1

Spring tide occurs during a full moon and it has the highest high tide and the lowest low tides.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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