Surgery: ROLE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

How did 'Chemistry' play an important part in surgery?

As a result of improved anaesthetics and antiseptic, when did operations to remove gall stones and the gall bladder become a widely used procedure?

What other significant factor, other than pain and infection, did developments in Chemistry help to improve?

New technology: Infection.

What changes have been made to modern operating theatres in hospitals since the early 1900s?

What developments in science have led to the modern aseptic and sanitary conditions within medical facilities today?

What year did Robert Koch develop the 'steam steriliser?'

Who discovered X-rays?

What year were X-rays discovered?

What was the effect of the discovery of X-rays on surgeons confidence for operations?

How was the use of X-rays able to become so widespread in such a short period of time?

What evidence is there to prove how quickly the use X-rays spread?

What benefits did the use of X-rays provide during WW1?

Who invented the 'chloroform inhaler?'

When was the 'chloroform inhaler' invented?

What did the 'chloroform inhaler' solve the problem of?

Who invented the 'hypodermic needle?'

What year was the 'hypodermic needle' invented?

How was the invention of the 'hypodermic needle' beneficial?

Summary of the roles played by science and technology in the development of surgery.