Ros Agnieszka
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Applied Linguistic 2002

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Ros Agnieszka
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Applied Linguistic 2002

Question 1 of 50

1

01. Language transfer is a strategy used in the process of

Select one of the following:

  • A. simplification

  • B. overgeneralization

  • C. inferencing

  • D. automatization

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

02. Inferencing is a strategy used in the process of

Select one of the following:

  • A. simplification

  • B. overgenaralization

  • C. hypothesis formation

  • D. hypothesis testing

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

03. Inferencing is a strategy employed by L2 learners, which is based on

Select one of the following:

  • A. 'borrowing' from L1

  • B. attending to input

  • C. output analysis

  • D. functional practice

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

04. Communication strategies are devices for

Select one of the following:

  • A. using existing L2 knowledge

  • B. internalizing new L2 knowledge

  • C. compensating for inadequate L2 knowledge

  • D. managing interaction in L2

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

05. Communication strategies are a part of

Select one of the following:

  • A. production processes

  • B. reception processes

  • C. social processes

  • D. cognitive processes

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

06. When learners consult a native speaker to establish the validity of a hypothesis they are said to test it out

Select one of the following:

  • A. receptively

  • B. productively

  • C. metalingually

  • D. interactionally

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

07. Learners are said to “backslide” when they

Select one of the following:

  • A. form hypothesis about the nature of L2

  • B. stop learning L2 because they can communicate successfully

  • C. transfer L1 forms due to the lack of L2 competence

  • D. use a form that belongs to some earlier stage of L2 development

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

08. A learner’s error, as opposed to a mistake results from

Select one of the following:

  • A. failure to perform his/her competence

  • B. the lack of competence

  • C. processing problems in L2

  • D. memory limitations

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

09. The incremental nature of L1 acquisition is confirmed by

Select one of the following:

  • A. the existence of the 'age of resonance

  • B. uniqueness of a child's utterances

  • C. The fact that the length of children’s utterances gradually increases

  • D. the fact that only homo sapiens is capable of language learning

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

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10. The subsequent phrases of the speech planning programme in the model of language production proposed by Clarke and Clarke (1977) are (1) communicative goal, (2) discourse plan, (3) sentence plan and

Select one of the following:

  • A. constituent plans

  • B. functional plans

  • C. semantic plans

  • D. pragmatic plans

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

11. The subsequent phrases of the speech articulatory programme in the model of language production proposed by Clark and Clark (1977) are (1) meaning selection, (2) syntactic outline, (3) content word selection, (4) affix and function word formation and specification of

Select one of the following:

  • A. phonetic segments

  • B. styles and registers

  • C. attitudinal tones

  • D. encoded messages

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

12. A full linguistic representation of a real-life event is “He is hitting me”. In the process of semantic simplification a learner may produce an abridged version e.g. “hitting me.” What components does this utterance consist of?

Select one of the following:

  • A. action process

  • B. Action process + Agents

  • C. Action process + patient

  • D. Agent + patient

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

13. A description of variation in SLA (eg in Ellis and Tarone) is based on

Select one of the following:

  • A. homogeneous competence model

  • B. a heterogeneous competence model

  • C. a linguistic competence model

  • D. a socio-pragmatic competence model

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

14. According to Tarone (1982), the least stable and consistent style of interlanguage (in which the use of e.g. the third person singular –s will be least frequent) is

Select one of the following:

  • A. simple and vernacular

  • B. vernacular and complex

  • C. complex and careful

  • D. careful and simple

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

15. The role of input is minimised in which view of SLA?

Select one of the following:

  • A. behaviourist

  • B. mentalist

  • C. interactionist

  • D. variationist

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

16. Which of the following morphemes is last acquired in L1 acquisition of English (Clark and Clark 1977)?

Select one of the following:

  • A. Past regular –ed C Plural –s

  • B. Past irregular

  • C. Plural –s

  • D. 3rd person singular –s

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

17. Which of the following morphemes is last acquired in ‘natural order’ for L2 acquisition (Krashen 1977)?

Select one of the following:

  • A. –ing

  • B. Past regular –ed

  • C. past irregular

  • D. Plural –s

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

18. Formal instruction has an effect on accuracy in which type of L2 production?

Select one of the following:

  • A. planned

  • B. unplanned

  • C. both planned and unplanned

  • D. neither planned nor unplanned

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

19. Word order errors are the example of

Select one of the following:

  • A. local errors

  • B. global errors

  • C. performance errors

  • D. mistakes

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

20. The knowledge of which a learner is unaware and therefore cannot verbalise is referred to as

Select one of the following:

  • A. implicit

  • B. explicit

  • C. declarative

  • D. metacognitive

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

21. According to mentalist views of first language development the innate language faculty responsible for L1 acquisition is referred to as

Select one of the following:

  • A. capability continuum

  • B. the 'g' factor

  • C. channel capacity

  • D. acquisition device

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

22. The process by which learners utilise discourse to construct structures that lie outside their competence is described as

Select one of the following:

  • A. backsliding

  • B. scaffolding

  • C. system learning

  • D. item learning

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

23. Learner utterances constructed by borrowing chunks from the preceding discourse and adding to learners’ own resources (e.g. NS: ‘come here’ – NNS: ‘No come here’) are referred to as

Select one of the following:

  • A. 'marked' forms

  • B. 'unmarked' forms

  • C. vertical structures

  • D. ambiguous errors

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

24. In the sentence ‘There are to _______ playing in the garden.’ the context requires the use of a particular morpheme (plural noun, e.g. boys), thus it is said to constitute

Select one of the following:

  • A. operating principles

  • B. implicational scaling

  • C. obligatory occasions

  • D. accessibility hierarchy

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

25. The use of ‘goed’ in place of ‘went’ is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • A. transfer

  • B. interference

  • C. overgeneralization

  • D. overuse

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

26. The core grammar of every language consists of rules that

Select one of the following:

  • A. are constrained by Universal Grammar

  • B. are not constrained by Universal Grammar

  • C. are derived from the history of the language

  • D. have been borrowed from other languages

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

27. Which sentence illustrates the core function of the progressive tense?
(1) "I am watching John now." (2) "I am seeing John tonight."

Select one of the following:

  • A. (1)

  • B. (2)

  • C. both 1 and 2

  • D. neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

28. Expressions which are learnt as unanalysable chunks and employed on particular occasions (e.g. 'This is a____') are referred to as

Select one of the following:

  • A. negotiation of meaning

  • B. foreigner talk

  • C. formulaic speech

  • D. approximative system

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

29. According to the theory of markedness, which of the following is marked

Select one of the following:

  • A. old

  • B. tall

  • C. small

  • D. wide

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

30. The learner replaces one L2 form with another (e.g. daffodil -> flower). This is an example of an achievement strategy referred to as

Select one of the following:

  • A. paraphrase

  • B. substitution

  • C. formal reduction

  • D. functional reduction

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

31. Group dynamics belong to which group of learner factors?

Select one of the following:

  • A. personality

  • B. personal

  • C. general

  • D. cognitive

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

32. According to Bailey (1983), L2 learning is usually impaired or abandoned in case of learners’

Select one of the following:

  • A. successful self-image

  • B. unsuccessful self-image

  • C. facilitating anxiety

  • D. debilitating anxiety

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

33. Which of the two sentences is true: Starting age affects (1) the rate (2) the route of SLA?

Select one of the following:

  • A. 1

  • B. 2

  • C. both 1 and 2

  • D. neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

34. According to Brown (1980) the first stage of acculturation is

Select one of the following:

  • A. culture shock

  • B. culture stress

  • C. excitement and euphoria

  • D. feeling of estrangement

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

35. Researchers such as Oller and Perkins (1978) claim that the general factor of language proficiency is identical with the factor of

Select one of the following:

  • A. cognitive style

  • B. inductive language learning

  • C. FL aptitude

  • D. intelligence

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

36. CALP and BICS (Cummins 1979) are the two kinds of

Select one of the following:

  • A. learning style

  • B. perceptual modality

  • C. language ability

  • D. field (in)dependence

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

37. Which of the following is not a major component of FL aptitude according to Carroll and Sapon (1959)?

Select one of the following:

  • A. phonetic coding ability

  • B. grammatical sensitivity

  • C. inductive ability

  • D. memory

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

38. A field-independent learner

Select one of the following:

  • A. perceives a filed in terms of its components

  • B. relies on external frame of reference

  • C. derives his/her self-view from others

  • D. is less skilled at social relationships

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

39. Which personality feature is not part of the Affective Filter Hypothesis?

Select one of the following:

  • A. anxiety

  • B. self-image

  • C. motivation

  • D. inhibition

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

40. A type of motivation that results from the learner’s interest in a particular learning activity is called

Select one of the following:

  • A. intrinsic

  • B. instrumental

  • C. integrative

  • D. resultative

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

41. Do children (10-15) profit from formal instruction?

Select one of the following:

  • A. yes. but less than adults

  • B. yes, more than adults

  • C. yes, as much as adults

  • D. no, they do not

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

42. A model of SLA called the Levertov Machine is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • A. a weak interface position

  • B. a strong interface position

  • C. the non-interface position

  • D. none of the above

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

43. A model of SLA which allows for a flow of knowledge from ‘learning’ to ‘acquisition’ –

Select one of the following:

  • A. weak interface position

  • B. strong interface position

  • C. non-interface position

  • D. inductive learning

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

44. The Audio-lingual Method is the example of which approach in FL teaching?

Select one of the following:

  • A. inductive

  • B. deductive

  • C. explicit

  • D. cognitive

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

45. Consciousness raising is the example of which approach?

Select one of the following:

  • A. inductive

  • B. deductive

  • C. natural

  • D. direct

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

46. Specific target language features are under-represented in learner production in L2. This is referred to as

Select one of the following:

  • A. avoidance

  • B. regression

  • C. backsliding

  • D. flooding

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

47. The process by which speakers make their speech similar to their interlocutors’ speech is described as

Select one of the following:

  • A. assimilation

  • B. immersion

  • C. convergence

  • D. accommodation

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

48. According to the Critical Period Hypothesis L2 competence can only be achieved if learning

Select one of the following:

  • A. is reinforced by formal instruction

  • B. takes place in a natural setting

  • C. is based on comprehensible input

  • D. commences before a certain age

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

1

49. Foreigner talk describes language used by

Select one of the following:

  • A. teachers to address FL learners

  • B. FL learners to address teachers

  • C. native speakers to address non-native speakers

  • D. non-native speakers to address native speaker

Explanation

Question 50 of 50

1

50.Which of the following statements is true? The teachability hypotheses (e.g. Pienemann 1991) suggests that formal instruction affects
(1) the natural sequence of acquisition
(2) the speed with which the learner passes through it

Select one of the following:

  • A. 1

  • B. 2

  • C. both 1 and 2

  • D. neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

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