What is the most common cause of Mitral Stenosis
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Congenital defect
MAC
Myxoma
What can mimic MVS
Rheumatic Heart disease
What is the normal pressure for the LA
5-10mmHg
10-18mmhg
4-6mmhg
What is D-E on MV M-mode
rapid filling
passive filling
how much the mitral valve opens
T-wave
What is not a symptom of MS
dyspnea
Ortner's Sydrome
fatigue
hemoptysis
hepatic congestion
JVD
What is the largest MV leaflet
Posterior leaflet
Anterior leaflet
Function and movement of annuls depends on
Papillary muscles
leaflets
chardae
annulus
LV function
What happens to the LA when MV stenosis
nothing
pressure rises
Flail
pressure rises ans LA enlarges
What is the A -wave on m-mode
passive filling or siastasis
atrial systole
opening of MV
What are the Auscultation/ Heart sounds of MS
Loud S1, Opening Snap, Diastolic rumble
click (mid-systolic)
systolic murmur
What are the signs of MS
SOB, Ortner Sydrome, hepatic congestion, fatigue, hemotysis
chest pain dyspnea pannic attack anxiety
truma, MV endocarditis
JVD, Ascites, Diastolic opening snap, hepatomegaly
systolic murmur increase with inspiration, JVD hepatic congestion, pedal edema
hemoptysis, fatigue, hepatic congestion, Paroxysma Nocturnal Dyspena, SOB
Streptococci infection is
No longer common in US due to improved antibiotics
Common in US
caused from Myoxma
There are two sub types of MR, what sub type features no chamber enlargement
Chronic
Acute
What are the symptoms of MVP
chest pain, dyspena, fatigue, SOB
dyspnea, hoarseness, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, hepatic congestion, fatigue, hemoptysis
chest pain, dyspena, systolic murmur
chest pain dyspena, fatigue, and Anxiety attacks
What are the Etiologies of MVR
Rheumatic HD, MAC, Myxoma, Congenital defect
Barlow syndrome, Ichemia, MAC, TS, JVD
Rheumatic HD, Carcinoid HD, Myoma
MVP, Ischemia, 2degree enlargement, choradal rupture, Posterior sub mitral calcification
What is a B-bump
Passive filling
abnormal opening of MV
abnormal M-mode not usually present
The most common cause of Tricuspid Regurgitation is endocarditis (reumatic )
True
False
What are the etiologies of TR
PHTN, Enddocarditis, Congenital anomalies such as Ebstein's anomalies
Ichema 2 degree enlargement chronic, chordal rupture , MAC,
MAC, Myxomam, Rheumatic HD
PHTN, TS, endocarditis, congential anomalies, carcinoid tumor
When looking for MS in M-mode Tabby said there are three things to look for
Lack of excursion Loss of E-F No A-wave
Hockey stick comma sign bright echoes
LAE Decreased MV orifice Thickened leaflets
A lion A witch A wardrobe
What is the MOST common cause of TR
Ebstein Anomaly
TS
Carcinoid
Pulmonary HTN
Where dose MAC normally start at
Anterior portion of the annuls
posterior portion