Problem Seeking

1-5) programming concerns 5 steps

1-4) 4 considerations (design determinants) that indicate the types of info needed to define a comprehensive architectural problem:

1) the main idea behind programming is:
2) if programming is problem seeking, design is:
3) qualifications of programmers must be:
4) ^ vs qualifications of designers are:

1) the difference btwn programming & design is:
2) there should be a (___) btwn programming & design
3) stating the problem (the last step in problem seeking/programming) is also:

1) 1-3 establish goals, collect & analyze facts, uncover & test concepts are primarily:
2) 4 - determine needs primarily is a:
3) 5 - state the problem primarily is:
4) of the 5 steps which are qualitative vs quantitative?

5 STEPS POSE QUESTIONS:

1) GOALS - what does the client want to achieve/ why?
2) FACTS - what do we know, what is given?
3) CONCEPTS - how does the client want to achieve the goals?

1) in practice usually working on which steps simultaneously may be necessary?
2) it's important to search for & define the WHOLE PROBLEM & must be identified in terms of:

1) "function" concerns itself with:
2) "form" relates to the:
3) "economy" concerns the:
4)"time" has 3 classifications of past, present, future which deal with:

1) programming is a two-phase process related to the:
2) schematic design depends on:
3) design development is the:

1) one trick to avoid "data clog" aka an overload of too much info/facts is by:
2) one can assimilate any amt of info as long as it is:
3) programming is heuristic b/c:

1) programmers must think in terms of:
2) teams are best when made up of both (___) & (___) types of thinkers:
3) often programming begins w/ complexity & goal is to simplify problems down to their essence, but oversimplification can happen when:

1) good programming is characterized by timely & sound decision making by:
2) programmers must emphasize:
3) programmers must identify for clients those decisions that need:
4) every decision the client makes during programming:

1) when a client postpones decisions, design solutions:
2) if a client cannot decide on how much $$ to spend until seeing the design:
3) to achieve effective, clear communication btwn the team:

1) project goals indicate:
2) if goals indicated what the client wants to achieve, (___) indicate how the client wants to achieve them
3) don't mix problems & solutions of different kinds, ex a social problem calls for:

1) programmatic concepts refer to abstract ideas intended as functional solutions to:
2) design concepts refer to concrete ideas intended as physical solutions to:
3) programmatic concepts relate to:
4) "convertibility" is programmatic &:

24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS
1) PRIORITY - evokes questions regarding the order of importance/ ranking of values
2) HIERARCHY - related to goal about the exercise of authority & is expressed in symbols of authority - ex office size

24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS
5) SERVICE GROUPING - centralized or decentralized, evaluate gains/risks, final location should implement a specific goal
6) ACTIVITY GROUPING - integrated or compartmentalized, closely related activities needing interaction vs degrees of privacy/security needed

24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS

9) RELATIONSHIPS - the correct interrelation of spaces promotes efficiencies & effectiveness of ppl & their activities, "functional affinities" is the most common programmatic concept

24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS
13) SEPARATED FLOW - goal for segregation may relate to ppl, to cars, to ppl & cars circulation w/ one another
14) MIXED FLOW - common social spaces like town sq/bldg lobby for multidirection/purpose interaction

24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS
17) FLEXIBILITY - expansibility, convertibility, & versatility
18) TOLERANCE - concept may add space to program, is it a particular space tailored for a static activity, a loose fit for a dynamic activity?

24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS
21) ENERGY CONSERVATION - A) keep heated area to a min / B) keep heat-flow to a min both via passive design
22) ENVIRO CTRLS - what ctrls for air temp, light, sound will be req.'d to provide for ppl comfort inside & outside - climate/sun analysis needed

1) distinguishing needs from:
2) step 4 (determining needs) is an economic feasibility test to see if a budget:
3) the best balance is achieved when all 4 elements are negotiable to some extent:

1) a client's functional needs have a direct bearing on:
2) ^allowance must be made for reasonable bldg efficiency expressed by:
3) proposed quality of const. is expressed:
4) a realistic escalation factor must be included to cover the time:

1-3) phasing of const. may be considered as an alternative when:
4) cost ctrl begins with:
5) first-phase programming for schematic design req.'s (___) & second-phase programming for design develop. req.'s:

1) it's imperative to est. a realistic budget when? b/c it is:
2) where does the architect derive predictive parameters?
3-5) the budget depends on 3 realistic predictions:

1) solution to ex scenario when a trial-run cost estimate analysis results in a total budget amt req.'d alrger than the extent of client's available funds:

COST ESTIMATE ANALYSIS
A) bldg costs (#SF at $$/GSF - multiply)
B) fixed equipment (8% of A)
C) site development (15% of A)
D) total const. (A + B + C)
E) site acquisition /demo (fixed cost given)

1) after evaluating info for a project, programmers & designers must:
2) ^ a min of 4 statements concerning the 4 major considerations of:
3) rarely there should be more than (___) statements otherwise the problem is still:

1) while each condition for design must be precisely stated, the direction of what should be done should be:
2) this direction should be made in terms of performance, to not:

-to reinforce the concept of Architecture by Team Action
1) Principle of Product - a product has a better chance for success if during design process:
2) Principle of Process - every task req.'s 3 kinds of thinking related to disciplines of arch. practice:

-expanding on 2 principles of team action, these principles are foundations of problem-seeking

1) Principle of Client Involvement:
2) Principle of Effective Communication:
3) Principle of Comprehensive Analysis:

4) Principle of Bare Essentials:
5) Principle of Abstract Thinking:

6) Principle of Distinct Separation:
7) Principle of Efficient Operation:

8) Principle of Qualitative Information:
9) Principle of Quantitative Information:
10) Principle of Definite Closure:

1-6) traditional problem solving steps:

*compare w/ 5 problem-seeking steps

1-6) "total project delivery system"

1-3) "total design process"

1) "schematic design" is the interpretation of the owner's project req.'s by studies/dwgs that illustrate:

1) "design development" follows approval of SD & includes:
2) "construction documents" transforms approved DD package into:

GOALS VS OBJECTIVES
(general vs the specific)
1) ex goal: to serve as many students from the state of Texas as possible; objective =
2) to promote academic efficiency; objective=

1) purpose of determining a total area for a bldg program is to:
2) "bldg gross area" is the:
3) "unassigned areas" consist of typ:
4) "tare area" is the:

Unassigned Area Ratio to Bldg Gross Area
1) circulation
2) mechanical
3) walls, partitions, structure
4) public toilets
5) janitor closets
6) unassigned storage

1) net assignable area includes:
2) net assignable area excludes:
3) measure to the inside face of (___), to finished surface of walls surrounding (___), center of partitions separating:

1) useable area includes:
2) useable area excludes:
3) measure to:

1) rentable area includes:
2) rentable area excludes:
3) measure to:

1) bldg gross area includes:
2) measure to:

BLDG EFFICIENCY FACTORS

1) interior layout efficiency X base bldg efficiency = overall bldg efficiency

2) net assignable area / overall efficiency = bldg gross area

BLDG EFFICIENCY FACTORS
3) useable area / base bldg efficiency = bldg gross area
4)net assignable area / layout efficiency = useable area
5) rentable area / R/U ratio = useable area