***In which of the following neurologic diseases are muscle fasciculations most prominent?
Rabies and Herpes encephalomyelitis
Rabies and Verminous encephalomyelitis
West Nile encephalitis and Herpes encephalomyelitis
West Nile encephalitis and Rabies
Verminous and Herpes encephalomyelitis
***Corticosteroids would be part of the treatment plan for which of the following?
Purpura hemorrhagica
RAO
Herpes myeloencephalitis
Type 3 IAD
Wobbler
Pleuropneumonia
Anterior Enteritis
You evaluate a 2-yr-old Quarter Horse racing colt who has been “quitting”. The last race he quit in was 5 days ago. Shown: endoscopy at rest. Which of the following would NOT be considered a differential?
EIPH
ILH
DDSP
***What dietary change may help in the treatment of both PSSM and RER?
Increase the grain component of the ration
Increase the amount of protein supplement
Increase the selenium and Vit E supplementation
Increase the amount of fat and eliminate the grain
Which of the following catheters could achieve fluid administration rates of greater than 30L/hr?
10 G
12G
14G
16G
A horse with colic is presented to you as depicted. What is the likely degree of pain manifested by this horse?
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Increased bronchovesicular sounds on thoracic auscultation are considered?
Normal
Abnormal
***Which of the following depicts and epiglottic entrapment?
A
B
C
D
Which of the following clinical signs is best matched to the severity of colic?
Intermittent pawing: Mild
Playing in the water": Severe
Thrashing: Mild
Looking at flanks intermittently: Severe
Significant facial abrasions: Moderate
***Which of the following is NOT a typical finding in equine Pars intermedia pituitary disorders (pituitary adenoma)?
Opaque serum
Delayed wound healing
Polydipsia
Cresty neck
Muscle wasting
Moderate hyperfibrinogenemia would be expected in:
Pleuropneumonia of 5 days duration
Uncomplicated RAO of 2 weeks duration
Bronchopneumonia of 3 days duration
3 month old R equi foal
Colitis cases of 4 days duration
DDSP of 2 month duration
Which of the following microorganisms is most likely the cause of diarrhea in the adult horse?
Streptococcus equi
Escherichia coli
Neorickettsia risticii (Ehrlichia risticii)
Ehrlichia equi
Rhodococcus equi
A premature foal is 12 hrs old when you finally get out to the farm to evaluate its Ab status. Findings: Normal PE and behavior, IgG 200 mg/dL. Which of these is most appropriate protocol for this foal?
Administer colostrum from other mare on farm who foaled 3 hrs ago, and reassess status at 24 hrs
No need to administer Ab, prophylactically treat with antimicrobials
Administer colostrum from another mare who foaled about 28 hrs ago
Administer plasma IV as foal is septic and will not attain desired Ab level with colostrum
***In a severe case of RAO it is best to treat with systemic steroids and inhalant bronchodilators
***The organism most likely to cause septicemia in a foal less than 3 days of age unrelated to uterine disease in the dam is:
Actinobacillus equuli
Streptococcus faecalis (Enterococcus faecalis)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Salmonella dublin
***Which of the following differentials, from the group of true strangulating Small Intestinal disorders, is characterized by findings not as expected for this group, with respect to the rectal palpation and abdominocentesis?
Gastrosplenic ligament entrapment
Epiploic foramen entrapment
Inguinal hernia
Pedunculated/Strangulating Lipoma
***Cranioventral crackles and wheezes would be expected in:
Uncomplicated RAO
Constrictive pericarditis
Strangles
Choke
***Chronic, intermittent, recurrent, unilateral, mild-moderate epistaxis with occasional ozena (malodor) best describes which of the following diseases if found in an aging Hanoverian Warmblood breeding stallion?
Nasal trauma
Guttural pouch mycosis
Coagulopathy
Ethmoid hematoma
***You reevaluate a horse who had a severe ER episode 3 days ago. His original CK was 27,000 iu/l. Which is most compatible with today’s values given that he has responded well to the treatment instituted?
400 iu/l
1000 iu/l
10,000 iu/l
20,000 iu/l
30,000 iu/l
***In evaluating a horse with neurologic dysfunction due to otitis media/interna, which of the following procedures is generally recommended for a presumptive diagnosis though is not specifically diagnostic?
Guttural pouch endoscopy
Dorsoventral head radiography
Endoscopic evaluation of the ear canal
Otoscopic evaluation of the ear canal
***Endoscopy at rest in a 3-yr-old Standardbred trotter filly who has been “quitting”. Which of the following clinical signs would be expected in this horse?
A mostly expiratory noise at exercise
An inspiratory noise at exercise
Cheek puffing (air accumulated in mouth) at exercise
Head extension and excessive swallowing at rest
Pronounced cough at exercise
***Coughing at rest can be seen with which of the following disorders?
Grade 2 ILH
Ethmoid Hematoma
Epiglottic Entrapment
Inflammatory Airway Disease
Which of the following would NOT be expected in the hypodynamic phase of endotoxemia?
Temp = 99.8F
MM with toxic line
Tachycardia
Strong pulses
Cool extremities
Tachypnea
A horse is found to have a grade 3/6 musical, early decrescendo diastolic murmur with the PMI at 4th ICS left hemithorax. HR = 40 bpm, rhythm is normal, no other abnormalities noted on PE. Which of these clinical scenarios is most consistent with the likely diagnosis?
Young race horse with signs of exercise intolerance
Common inherited disorder typically first detected in neonates and young horses
Incidental finding in older horse with no obvious clinical signs
Noted in all foals within the first 72 hrs of life
Excessive tie-back for correction of ILH
Complicated strangles
GPM with persistent DDSP
Weak premature foal
Complicated RAO
Atrial fibrillation case with significant chamber enlargement and distended jugulars
A 450 kg horse is 9% dehydrated, what is the fluid deficit in this horse?
4.05 Liters
36.5 Liters
40.5 Liters
46.5 Liters
50 Liters
Which of the following is compatible with a small intestinal lesion?
Large volume of acidic reflux
Minimal external abdominal distension throughout the abdominal contour
Distended banded tubular shaped loops on transrectal palpation
A 400 kg adult horse has a HR = 76 bpm; MM tachy, pale; CRT of 3sec and normal jugular filling. Which of the following best estimates the degree of dehydration in this horse?
Less than 5%
5%
8%
12%
Greater than 12%
Which cranial nerve is affected in this horse?
Right trigeminal
Left vestibulocochlear
Left facial
Right vestibulocochlear
Right facial
Which of the following fluid administration methods is limited to about 3L/hr and is best reserved for special medication administration modality?
IV
PO
SQ
IP
IO
Which of the following segments follows aborally from the right ventral colon?
The pelvic flexure
The transverse colon
The cecum
The sternal flexure
The right dorsal colon
In the therapy for cecal impactions in the horse dioctyl sodium succinate is the recommended laxative/cathartic as it will typically result in rapid resolution of the impaction.
***In which of the following equine diseases is alfalfa ingestion considered a risk factor or contraindicated?
Urolithiasis
Liver failure
PSSM
Enterolithiasis
RER
HyPP
Which of the following is part of the treatment plan for hepatic encephalopathy in in the equine liver failure horse?
Administration of branched-chain amino acids
Administration of high protein hay
Administration of glucose–free fluids
Administration of aromatic amino acids
Which would NOT have the finding of small volume of acidic reflux on NG intubation ?
Gastric obstruction lesion
Severe non-strangulating large colon lesion
Strangulating small intestinal lesion
All of the following are signs of cerebral disease EXCEPT:
Head pressing
Intention tremors
Seizures
Depression
Aggression
What structure is in the right dorsal quadrant?
The small colon
Which of the following disorders has blunt abdominal trauma as a risk factor?
Intussusception
Nephrosplenic entrapment
Adhesions
Diaphragmatic hernia
What is the upper limit of protein in a normal CSF sample?
25mg/dL
5mg/dL
100mg/dL
70mg/dL
***You evaluate a horse with colic and determine that he has non-strangulating large intestinal involvement. On rectal you felt bands traversing the abdomen vertically in the left quadrant. What is your diagnosis?
Ileal Impaction
Left Dorsal Displacement
Right Dorsal Displacement
Epiploic Foramen Entrapment
Gastrosplenic Entrapment
Which of the following would be added to your general therapy for colitis if you determine the cause of the disease to be Clostridium difficile in a foal?
Oxytetracycline
Penicillin
Trimethoprim-sulfa
Metronidazole
Which of the following have EBM supporting an association with tapeworm infestation? (EBM=evidence based medicine)
Mesenteric Hernia
Ascarid impaction
Anterior enteritis
Spasmodic colic
You find urine scalding and pigmenturia, as seen in this horse. Which of the following would is the most likely differential in this case?
Urethritis with urethral tear
Cystic calculus
Nephrolithiasis
Severe cystitis associated with neurogenic bladder
Horse with urine scalding and pigmenturia as seen in this horse has 5 month duration of grade 2 ataxia in all four limbs with lateralization to the left. Which of the following represents the differentials you would remove from your list?
EDM, EPM, Wobbler
EDM, Wobbler, Herpes, Verminous encephalomyelitis
EPM, Wobbler, Herpes, Verminous encephalomyelitis
EDM, Wobbler, Rabies
Which of the following lab abnormalities is characteristic of ruptured bladder in a 2-day old foal?
Hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Peritoneal fluid BUN greater than serum BUN
Hypocalcemia
Which of the following is/are a possible option(s) for therapy in the disease depicted below?
Tie-back
Epiglottic augmentation
Cornell Collar (TSD)
Tie-forward