Which of the following statements is not true regarding the need for a dosage form:
To protect the drug substance from the destructive influences of atmospheric oxygen or humidity
To conceal the bitter, salty, or offensive taste or odor of a drug substance.
To avoid drug-drug interactions thus providing greater clinical efficacy.
To provide for a safe and convenient delivery of accurate dosage
Which of the following is not true for different crystal polymorphs
May have different solubility
May have different dissolution rate
May have different chemical structure
May have different melting point
May have different physical and chemical stability
Biopharmaceutics Classification System is used to classify drugs based on
Melting point and pH
Aqueous solubility and bioavailability
Aqueous solubility and dissolution rate
Intestinal permeability and particle size
Dissolution rate and Intestinal permeability
Dissolution rate, aqueous solubility and intestinal permeability
When being incorporated into ointment bases, fine powders such as calamine and zinc oxide are often wetted and smoothed with mineral oil. What name is given to this process
Attrition
Levigation
Milling (pulverizing /grinding)
Pulverization by intervention
trituration
Which factor does not affect the rate and extent of absorption from immediate release solid dosage froms
Solubility
Dissolution
Appearance
Permeability
Particle size
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the extemporaneous preparation of a dosage form
Shortage of a marketed dosage form
Need a liquid dosage form for treating a pediatric patient
Medication is not commercially available
Geriatric patient is able to swallow solid oral dosage form
Patient may be allergic to preservative or dyes contained in the drug product
Which of the following is used in tablet formulations to reduce friction during tablet compression
Talc powder (Glidant)
Lactose (Diluents or Fillers)
Gum Acacia (Binders)
Magnesium stearate
Starch (Disintegrant)
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Coatings)
Before placing a patient onto IV fat emulsions, the pharmacist should confirm that the patient does not have:
Egg allergies
Sensitivities to bisulfate
Milk intolerance
Lactose intolerance
Sensitivities to tartrazine
Based on the pH partition theory, weakly acidic drugs are most likely to be absorbed from the stomach because:
The drugs will exist primarily in the unionized, more lipid-soluble form
The drugs will exist primarily in the ionized, more water soluble form
Weak acids are more soluble in acid media
The ionic form of the drug facilitates dissolution
Weak acids will further lower the pH
The passage of drug molecules from a region of high drug concentration to a region of low drug concentration is known as:
Active transport
Bioavailability
Biopharmaceutics
Simple diffusion
Pinocytosis
A prime consideration in biopharmaceutics is a drug’s “biovavailability” which refers to the relative amount of drug that reaches the :
small intestine
stomach
Systemic circulation
Liver
kidneys
Which of the following is not true if a physician would like the patient to use a generic product equivalent to the brand-name product
Both the generic and the brand-name drug products must be pharmaceutical equivalents
Both the generic and the brand-name drug products must have the same bioavailability
Both the generic and the brand-name drug products must have the same excipients
Both the generic and the brand-name drug products must have identical amounts of the API
Dosage forms of nitroglycerin that are minimally affected by the First-Pass effect include: I. Intravenous II. Transdermal patches III. Sublingual tablets
I only
III only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III
Which of the following is not an advantage of a tablet dosage form:
Accurate dosage/minimum variability
Easiest/cheapest to package and ship
Swallowing
Patient acceptance
Convenience (light and compact)
Tamper resistant
Which of the following IVIVC classes is the intestinal permeability the rate limiting step in systemic drug absorption?
Class IV
Class II
Class III
Class I
Which of the following is the primary purpose of orally disintegrating tablet:
Avoid exposure of content to stomach acid
Avoid hepatic first-pass effect
Increase drug bioavailability
Increase ease of swallowing
Which of the following organic esters is commonly used in enteric coating of solid dosage forms:
Phthalate
Tannate
Succinate
Acrylate
Phosphate
Which of the following tablet dosage forms avoids the hepatic first-pass effects?
Enteric coating
Instantly disintegrating
Chewable
Sublingual
Film coated
The partial or complete separation of the top or bottom crowns of a tablet from the main body of the tablet is known as:
Lamination
Slugging
Capping
Mottling
Picking
False statement regarding the function of excipients used in tablet manufacture
Binders promote granulation during the wet granulation process
Glidants help promote the flow of the tablet granulation during manufacture
Lubricants help patient swallow the tablets
Disintegrants are added to tablet formulations to facilitate the disintegration when the tablet contacts water in the gastrointestinal tract.
Which manufacturing variables would be likely to affect the dissolution of a prednisone tablet in the body?
The amount and type of binder
The amount and type of disintegrant added
The force of compression used during tableting
All of the above
If the preparation is compounded from USP/NF ingredients,
a beyond-use date of 3 months is appropriate
a beyond-use date of 6 months is appropriate
a beyond-use date of 9 months is appropriate
a beyond-use date of 12 months is appropriate
Inconsistent in-vitro dissolution test results for the same solid oral dosage form of the same drug and strength generally indicate differences in all of the following EXCEPT:
Dose units containing the same amount of drug but from different manufacturing process by the same manufacturer
Dose units from different batches or lots by the same manufacturer
Dose units from different manufacturers
Dose units from the same batch or lot
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) content uniformity test for tablets is used to ensure which quality?
Bioequivalence
Potency
Purity
Toxicity
Which of the following is most likely to occur with high speed machines that produce ≥ 10,000 tablets per minute?
Granulation underfilling
Excessive tablet hardness
Inconsistent tablet weights
United Stated Pharmacopeia (USP) tests to ensure the quality of drug products in tablet form include all of the following EXCEPT:
Disintegration
Hardness and friability
Content uniformity
Weight variation
Which of the following is false regarding dusting powders
Dusted on the skin , no systemic action
Must be homogenous, free from potential of causing local irritation
Should flow easily, spread uniformly, and cling to the skin upon application
Have a systemic action
Generally dispensed in sifter-top containers
Which of the following drug substance property is important for capsule size selection
Bulk density
Drug substance solubility
Melting point
Which of the following is not part of Capsule Quality Control program
Drug Content
Fill Weight
Hardness
Stability
Moisture permeation test
The community pharmacist intends to prepare a fine dusting powder by triturating the components of the formulation in a mortar with a pestle and subsequently passing the mixture through a:
80 mesh sieve
60 mesh sieve
20 mesh sieve
8 mesh sieve
Which of the following can be influenced by Particle Size:
Dissolution rate
Suspendability of suspensions
Uniformity of mixtures in powder dosage forms to ensure dose to dose content uniformity
Penetrability of particles for inhalation (dry powder inhaler) for deposition deep in the respiratory tract.
Nongrittiness of solid particles for ointments, creams, gels
When of the following drug substances will soften or liquefy when grinded
Lactose
Starch
Camphor
Sodium carboxy methylcellulose
Which of the following is NOT an accurate characteristic of the rectum?
It is approximately 15 – 20 cm in length
When void of fecal matter it has a fluid content of 2-3 ml
It is non-motile in resting state
The mucosal lining contains Goblet cells which release collagen into the lumen
Of the veins that drain the blood from the rectal area, which one(s) bypass the liver and deliver blood directly to the systemic circulation?
The inferior and middle rectal veins
The inferior and superior rectal veins
The middle and superior rectal veins
The inferior, middle and superior rectal veins
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of drug dosing via rectal route?
It can be used for unconscious patients
Rapid and predictable absorption as compared to other regions of GI tract
Hepatic first-pass metabolism may be avoided partially or completely
Drugs are not exposed to GI membrane enzymatic activity
The maximum amount of solid that can normally be incorporated into a suppository is ______ of the blank weight.
20%
30%
40%
50%
While preparing a cocoa butter suppository with other ingredients, the melting point is lowered below that of room temperature. To elevate the melting point of the mixture you will add (select all that apply):
Chloral hydrate
Menthol
Beeswax
Above what molecular weight do PEG polymers change from liquid to solid ?
100
500
1000
5000
The density factors of four drugs for cocoa butter are given below. For which drug would the greatest weight be required in order to displace 1 g of cocoa butter from a formulation ?
Aminophylline (1.1)
Bismuth subnitrate (6.0)
Menthol (0.7)
Iodoform (4.0)
Pharmacist patient-counseling points for proper use of rectal suppositories includes all of the following EXCEPT:
PEG suppositories should not be stored in polystyrene vials because they react with polystyrene.
Before insertion PEG suppositories should be moistened with water.
Cocoa butter suppositories should be frozen first and then immediately inserted.
Suppositories should be inserted in an adult up to the first knuckle depth (~1 inch).
Compared to the oral route of administration, all of the following are advantages of the rectalroute of administration EXCEPT:
An effective route for treating nausea and vomiting.
Drugs are activated by the pH in the rectum to increase absorption.
Useful for administering drugs that cause stomach irritation.
Avoids first-pass hepatic deactivation.
When using cocoa butter suppositories, which of the following drugs will result in the slowest drug release?
Ionized hydrophilic drug
Unionized hydrophilic drug
Unionized lipophilic drug
Salt form of the drug
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Lacrimal Apparatus?
Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal ducts
Lacrimal sac
Lacrimal muscle
Which layer(s) of the cornea offers the greatest barrier(s) to absorption into the eye for hydrophilic drugs?
Epithelial layer
Stroma
Endothelial layer
2 and 3 only
To prevent possible corneal damage, ophthalmic formulations should be buffered in the pH range of:
3.5 to 11.5
4.5 to 10.5
5.5 to 9.5
6.5 to 8.5
Which of the following is NOT an antioxidant that has been found appropriate for use in ophthalmic formulations?
Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid
Sodium Bisulfite
Thimerosal
Sodium metabisulfite
pH buffers for ophthalmic solutions are designed and intended to provide all of the following EXCEPT:
Patient comfort
Decreasing systemic absorption
Increasing drug stability
Increasing drug solubility
The respiratory region of the nasal cavity is believed to be most suitable for drug delivery because:
It is poorly supplied with blood vessels
It has a relatively large surface area
It contains stratified keratinized epithelial cells
It directly drains into the lungs
All of the following statements about nasal drug delivery are true EXCEPT:
Nasal bioavailability of a drug is typically lower than intravenous bioavailability
Nasally administered anesthetic agents can get absorbed by the olfactory region
Nasally absorbed drugs can bypass extensive hepatic metabolism
Nasal congestion does not affect the bioavailability of the drug