Downstream interventions

Upstream Interventions

Health protection vs promotion

8 Functions of Public Health

2 Most common oral diseases

3 types of tooth wear

Caries definition

4 essential factors of caries

5 key oral health messages

Fluoride toothpaste concentration

children's Toothpaste Guidelines + Floss

Free sugars + WHO guidelines

Core Values

Veracity

Autonomy

Beneficence

Justice

Nonmaleficence

Confidentiality

Social Trust

Civil Offense

Best way to avoid a law suit

Civil Law

Civil Law

unintentional tort

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

CDC

COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act)

Informed consent

The acronym WHO refers to which organization?
a. Women's Hygienist Organization
b. Working Hygienist Organization
c. Water Health Organization
d. World Health Organization

Dental hygienists are recognized worldwide as preventive therapists. This recognition is due to the fact that they are practicing in all countries.
a. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
b. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
e. Neither the statement NOR reason is correct.

What is the most common or widespread disease(s)?
a. Cold sores
b. Dental caries
c. Periodontal disease
d. Both b and c

The acronym DMFT refers to?
a. Diseased missing front teeth
b. Decayed missing filled teeth
c. Doctor of medicine field training
d. Diseased missing filled teeth

In order for a report or study to be credible, it must be all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Evidence based
b. Inconsistent
c. Reproducible
d. Comparable

A DMFT score of 5.5 is considered:
a. Low.
b. Moderate.
c. High.
d. None of the above

A CPI, also known as CPITN, is used for what?
a. Dental caries index.
b. Dental caries and periodontal index.
c. Strictly used as a periodontal needs index.
d. All of the above

Dental hygiene schools are based primarily on which country's curriculum?
a. United States
b. Sweden
c. Switzerland
d. France

What is preceptorship?
a. On-the-job training after completing school, such as an internship.
b. Doing what your boss asks of you
c. On-the-job training
d. Being aware of your patients' feelings at all times

What is a reason for lack of dental hygiene care?
a. Insufficient funding for preventive service and educational facilities
b. Limitations inherent in the legal restraints for the profession
c. Social and cultural lack of awareness of the benefits of preventive care
d. All of the above

__________ ensure a standard of care.
a. Credentials from completing examinations
b. Probe markings
c. Knowledge base
d. Working under a dentist

Which is the oldest recorded dental organization?
a. International Federation of Dental Hygienists
b. Federation Dentaire International
c. American Dental Association
d. International Dental Research Foundation

The United States is the only country that requires dental hygiene students to take exams for national qualification, with the exception of Canada.
a. The first statement is true, the second statement is false
b. The first statement is false, the second statement is true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false

Data show that regulations imposed to restrict dental hygiene care to work settings controlled by dentists are gradually beginning to disappear. Increasingly, dental hygienists may practice autonomously, without the supervision of dentists.
a. The first statement is true, the second statement is false
b. The first statement is false, the second statement is true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false

What is the correct definition for direct supervision?
a. A patient has to be referred by a dentist to an off-site practice where only dental hygiene treatment is rendered
b. Dentists decide and authorize hygiene treatment but do not need to be physically present while hygiene procedures are performed.
c. No need for referral or a dentist
d. Dentists decide and authorize hygiene treatment and must be physically present and possibly in the room while hygiene procedures are performed

A hygiene treatment clinic where there is no dentist present as a supervisor and referral is only needed when a patient requires treatment that is out of his/her scope of practice is called:
a. An independent practice.
b. An autonomous practice.
c. An unsupervised practice.
d. All of the above.

What is meant by general supervision?
a. Dentists decide and authorize hygiene treatment and must be physically present and possibly in the room while hygiene procedures are performed.
b. A patient has to be referred by a dentist to an off-site practice where only dental hygiene treatment is rendered.
c. No need for a referral or a dentist
d. Dentists decide and authorize hygiene treatment but do not need to be physically present while hygiene procedures are performed.

Preventive health not only approves the quality of life by improving general health but also:
a. Costs less money for the hygienist
b. Costs more money to society
c. Costs less money for the patient
d. Costs more money for the dentist

What agency has community goals including tobacco smoking-cessation programs and nutritional counseling?
a. ADD
b. FDA
c. WHO
d. UN

Autonomous hygienists with expanded functions and higher educational attainment are better able to provide quality, cost-effective clinical care. These providers can initiate and manage scientifically based public oral health initiatives.
a. The first statement is true, the second statement is false
b. The first statement is false, the second statement is true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false

Reports show that the United States does NOT ensure adequate oral health care for all populations. This is due to a lack of dental hygienists in the workforce.
a. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
b. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
e. Neither the statement NOR reason is correct.

Untreated dental disease is prominent in which of the following groups?
a. Ethnic minorities
b. Low-income individuals
c. Low-income families
d. All of the above

Which program provides health insurance (including dental insurance) to children whose parents are low income but not eligible for Medicaid?
a. Medicare (CMS)
b. Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
c. Children and Youth Financial Group (CYFG)
d. All of the above

How is the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) funded?
a. Private sector grantees
b. State governments
c. County governments
d. None of the above

Which government entity performs research projects such as cancer, Alzheimer's, diabetes, and AIDS?
a. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
b. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
c. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
d. National Institute of Health (NIH)

Which government entity provides immunizations and safeguards against international disease transmission?
a. IHS
b. FDA
c. CDC
d. HRSA

Which government agency is responsible for the regulation of dental materials, equipment, and over-the-counter dental care products?
a. FDA
b. NIDCR
c. HRSA
d. AHRQ

Which government agency is responsible for community and migrant health centers and primary care programs, as well as managing organ transplant systems and providing services to persons with AIDS?
a. ACF
b. Medicaid
c. Medicare
d. HRSA

Which government agency is responsible for Early Head Start and Head Start programs?
a. Medicare
b. Medicaid
c. ACF
d. FDA

. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) are responsible for which of the following?
a. Medicare and Medicaid only
b. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
c. The Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
d. All of the above

Food, nutrition counseling, and access to health and dental services are provided to women, infants, and children through which program?
a. Medicaid
b. WIC
c. CHIP
d. Medicare

U.S. inmates have a constitutional right to health care. Dental hygienists may work in the prison setting.
a. The first statement is true, the second statement is false
b. The first statement is false, the second statement is true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false

To work as a practicing hygienist in a Veteran's Affair (VA) hospital, you must have:
a. U.S. citizenship
b. Bachelor's degree
c. Passed a background check
d. Both A and C

. In some states dental hygienists may be employed as ___________, where they work to implement community water fluoridation, school sealant programs, fluoride mouth rinse programs, and school-based prevention programs.
a. Clinicians
b. State dental directors
c. Volunteers
d. Civil servants

Community dental clinics may be operated as which type of clinic?
a. Private
b. Not-for-profit
c. Sliding scale and Medicaid accepting
d. All of the above

Which of the following represents a need?
a. Cosmetic teeth whitening
b. Dental insurance
c. A patient without periodontal disease whose insurance covers three-month prophylaxis intervals.
d. A class I decayed tooth

Which of the following represents a demand?
a. A periodontally-involved person who seeks a periodontist to treat the condition.
b. A person with periodontal disease who refuses treatment plans.
c. A person with periodontal disease who has been to the dentist in the past three years years.
d. A person with periodontal disease who resumes biannual prophylaxis appointments.

What is meant by utilization?
a. The number of dental care services actually consumed or used
b. The amount and kind of health care services required to attain or maintain health
c. The particular frequency or desired frequency of dental care from a population
d. The disease level within a population

What is a denturist?
a. A dental assistant who is allowed to clean dentures.
b. A dentist with special qualifications to have a lab in his/her private office
c. There is no such thing.
d. A dental provider who fabricates dentures and performs oral exams

An advanced dental hygiene practitioner would practice in underserved communities and is which of the following?
a. Medical assistant
b. Post-doctorate level dental provider
c. Midlevel provider
d. All of the above

The goal of which of the following is to protect and promote the health of the public through all of the following areas EXCEPT:
a. Disease prevention
b. Dental elimination
c. Behavior modification
d. Health promotion

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
a. Class I restoration
b. Scaling and root planing (SRP)
c. Using fluoride on demineralized cervical margins
d. Supplying city water with fluoride

The community, private sector, and government leaders are all involved in which portion of public health?
a. Assessment
b. Policy development
c. Evaluation
d. Assurance

Which of the following is considered one of the ten greatest public health measures in the past century?
a. Biannual dental prophylaxis
b. Sealants
c. Community water fluoridation
d. Composite restorations

Which of the following is NOT a good example of a dental public health group?
a. People aged 65+
b. A diabetes support group
c. An individual family
d. Elementary-aged children

Reports suggest that the current dental systems are effectively ensuring optimal oral health for all populations. These reports further conclude that dental hygiene has been the most effective way to combat oral health disparities.
a. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
b. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
e. Neither the statement NOR reason is correct.

Which of the following has reduced oral disease rates?
a. Fluoride
b. Professional dental cleanings
c. Dental sealants
d. All of the above

Which of the following is the correct correlation between oral health and socioeconomic status (SES)? a. The lower the SES, data indicate that there is a decrease in untreated dental caries.
b. The lower the SES, data indicate that there is an increase in untreated dental caries.
c. The lower the SES, data indicate that there is an increase in treated dental caries.
d. None of the above

What is considered the most important issue that negatively impacts dental public health?
a. Populations with rampant decay
b. Patient noncompliance
c. Inadequate access to dental care
d. Inadequate access to fluoridated water

Which of the following are public health goals?
a. Preventing injuries
b. Responding to disasters and assisting in the recovery of the community
c. Ensuring quality and accessibility of health services
d. All of the above

Which is an example of a great public health achievement?
a. Vaccinations
b. Topical fluorides
c. Lasik eye surgery
d. Penicillin

Which is an example of an assessment of public health that would be performed by the dental hygienist?
a. Analyzing the needs of a community
b. A comprehensive oral examination
c. Conducting a needs assessment of a target population
d. Both A and C

Which of the following are in correct order?
a. Assessment, dental hygiene diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
b. Dental hygiene diagnosis, assessment, implementation, evaluation, and planning
c. Evaluation, dental hygiene diagnosis, planning, implementation, and assessment
d. Assessment, dental hygiene diagnosis, evaluation, planning, and implementation

Providing the dental hygiene diagnosis of the community to prioritize needs is a model of:
a. A public health dental hygienist
b. A private practice dental hygienist
c. Both of the above
d. Neither of the above

Which of the following is NOT a correct answer? In planning a public health dental program, a hygienist would develop the program based on:
a. Selecting appropriate labor to fulfill the program
b. Individual needs
c. Priorities and alternatives
d. The resources available

The public health dental hygienist must be able to self-generate program plans and always keep the program plan the same for documentation reasons.
a. The first statement is true, the second statement is false
b. The first statement is false, the second statement is true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false

An example of how the public health hygienist would evaluate outcomes is by using:
a. Dental records
b. Dental Indices
c. Gingival and periodontal evaluations
d. Both B and C

Which of the following is(are) role(s) of a dental hygienist?
a. Clinician
b. Researcher
c. Advocate
d. All of the above

20. All of the following are examples of public health services EXCEPT:
a. Child care services at a public health office
b. Dental care at a private dental office
c. Vaccinations given at a local grocery store
d. A sealant program at a junior high school

What is DPH?

What are the stages of public health practice?

What are the criteria for a public health problem?

What is epidemiology?

How is disease measured?

What is prevalence?

What is incidence?

Describe a cross-sectional study investigating caries?

Describe a longitudinal study investigating caries?