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What is one of the smallest human viruses?
Do viruses contain ADP or ATP?
What is special about Cytomegalovirus?
What are the four categories of viral genomes?
What are the 3 things encoded by a viral genome?
What is the important difference between a regular virus and a retrovirus?
What is Tropism?
All viruses except retroviruses are ______________
What main features are used to classify viruses? (3)
What are the viral suffixes for Order, Family, Subfamily, Genera, and Species?
If a viral genome is segmented then what type of genome must it be?
Define Retrovirus
What is the largest human virus?
What is a capsomere?
What are the 2 most common types of symmetrical arrangements of the capsid? (and what are 2 exceptions)
Virus has a very small genome so how does it deal with having to code for a capsid?
Why are viruses one of the most genetically diverse groups of organisms?
What is a viral strain?
What is a viral Type?
What is a Viral Variant?
When comparing viral genomes which are typically more prone to mutations? DNA or RNA genomes?
Define Recombination
What type of polymerase is in a Retrovirus that uses reverse transcriptase?
What is a point mutation?
Intramolecular recombination by "copy-choice" occurs only in...
What is homologous recombination?
What are some consequences of genetic changes in viruses?
What are the 6 steps of Viral Multiplication?
How do NAKED Viruses enter the cell?
How do ENVELOPED viruses enter the host cell?
Where does the Pox virus genome undergo translation?
Where do most viruses assemble?
How do NAKED viruses get released from the cell?
What are the different severities of viral infections? (poorly worded)
What is a transforming infection?
What are Cytopathic Effects?
What is a common portal of entry into the host for a virus?
Define Reassortment
What type of molecules are usually the receptor molecules?
Naked viruses penetrate through _____________ whereas enveloped viruses penetrate through ____________, but they can both enter by _________________
What is an advantage of being a +RNA virus?
What do progeny virus particles need to contain before they can leave the infected cell?
What is an inclusion body?
What happens during maturation of the virus progeny?
How does an enveloped virus get released from the host cell?
Define Pathogenesis
Define Tropism... again
What are the 4 types of Viral Infections?
Define Abortive infection
Define Acute/ Lytic Infections
Define Persisten Infection
What are the 3 types of Persistent Infections?
Chronic Infection...
Latent Infection...
Transforming...
Define Syncytium Formation...
What type of viruses usually have syncytium formation?
What are the non cytopathic effects of viruses?
Every viral infection follows these same 6 basic steps...
What are mechanisms of immune evasion?
Define Viremia...
What is primary viremia?
Define Virulence...
6 approaches to control and prevention of viral disease...
Define Passive Immunization
Define Active Immunization
Define Live attenuated vaccine
What type of immune response is induced by a live attenuated vaccine?
Define Innactivated vaccine...
Can you give an innactivated vaccine to an immunocompromised individuals?
What are the three types of innactivated vaccines?
What is a recombinant/ hybrid vaccine?
What type of vaccines can be given to infants less than 6 months of age?
Can you use simultaneous vaccines at once?
What is the main goal of antiviral chemotherapy?
What are strategies of antiviral chemotherapy drugs?
What are 4 limitations of Antiviral drugs?
What does Acyclovir act against?
What is the mode of action of Acyclovir?
If an immunocompromised individual develops resistance to Acyclovir during a drug regimen which drug do you suggest instead?
What are 2 important uses of Acyclovir?
What is the mode of action of Valacyclovir?
What do you use Valacyclovir for?
What is the advantage of Valacyclovir over Acyclovir?
What is a disadvantage to using Valacyclovir?
What is the mode of action of Famiclovir?
What is Famciclovir used for?
What is an advantage of Famciclovir?
What is the mode of action of Foscarnet?
When do you use Foscarnet instead of Acyclovir?
What is treated by Foscarnet?
What is a special feature of Foscarnet
What is the mode of action of Trifluidine/ Viroptic?
What are the uses of Trifluridine?
What are some risks of using Trifluridine?
Ganciclovir is the most effective drug against?
What is the mode of action of Ganciclovir?
What can we treat with Ganciclovir?
Even though Ganciclovir treats CMV what cant it do to resolve CMV
What is the mode of action of valganciclovir?
What can we treat with Valganciclovir?
What is the mode of action of Cidofovir?
What do we treat with Cidofovir?
What is the special thing about Formivirsen/ Vitravene?
What is the mode of action of Fomivirsen/ Vitravene?
What do we treat with Formisen/ Vitravene?
What are the 4 important Anti-Influenza Drugs?
What is the mode of action of Amantadine/ Symmetrel?
Which strain of Influenza cannot be treated with Amantadine?
What is the use of Amantadine?
What is the mode of action of Rimantadine/Flumadine?
What is the use of Rimantadine/ Flumadine?
What is the mode of action of Zanamivir (relenza)?
What is the mode of action of Oseltamivir (tamiflu)?
What is the mode of action of Anti-Retroviral Drugs?
What are the 7 types of Anti-Retroviral Drugs?
What do fusion inhibitors act against?
Maraviroc/ Selzentry mode of action?
What is the mode of action of Protease Inhibitors?
What is the mode of action of Integrase inhibitors?
What is the Standard of Care Regimen?
Truvada is combination of which 2 types of anti retroviral drugs?
find out if we have to know about the monoclonal antibodies
What are 2 methods of direct examination of viruses in lab?
What is a down fall of Direct Examination?
What is the method of virus detection by serology taking advantage of?
What is the difference between Immunofluorescence microscopy and Immunoassays?
What is the process of western blotting?
What are advantages of using PCR?
Nucleic acid hybridization is the process of...
What are the four families of viruses that most commonly cause ocular infections?
What is the family, Subfamily, Genus, and species of HSV 1 and 2...
What type of capsid do HSV 1 and 2 have?
What types of genome does HSV have?
Is HSV enveloped or not?
