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I'm using "Essential Environment: The Science Behind the Stories" 4th edition by Withgott & Laposata

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Remington Miller
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Sheena Gardner
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Environmental Science - Chapter Two

Question 1 of 113

1

An environment consists of complex networks of interlinked systems.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 113

1

What is a system?

Select one of the following:

  • A bunch of different parts working together to accomplish different goals.

  • A bunch of different parts working together to accomplish the same goal.

  • One part working to accomplish many different goals.

Explanation

Question 3 of 113

1

Without a part, the system will still work properly.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 113

1

System inputs _?

Select one of the following:

  • Pull something out of the system.

  • Put something into the system

  • Take something away from the system

  • Don't do anything to interact with the system

Explanation

Question 5 of 113

1

System outputs _?

Select one of the following:

  • Are the result of the system inputs

  • Create the same input again for the same system

  • Are useless

Explanation

Question 6 of 113

1

A system output can serve as a input.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 113

1

What are the types of feedback loops?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Positive

  • Electron

  • Neutral

  • Negative

Explanation

Question 8 of 113

1

In a negative feedback loop, the output acts as an input that moves the system, in a new direction.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 113

1

Most systems do not use a negative feedback loop.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 113

1

A negative feedback loop pushes towards _.

Select one of the following:

  • equilibrium

  • preservation

  • combustion

  • unsustainability

Explanation

Question 11 of 113

1

A positive feedback loop has the opposite effect of the negative feedback loop.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 113

1

A positive feedback loop pushes towards _.

Select one of the following:

  • combustion

  • stable situations

  • unstable situations

Explanation

Question 13 of 113

1

Positive feedback loops are rare in nature.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 113

1

What is the lithosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • Earth's decay

  • Earth's crust

  • Everything but earth's crust

Explanation

Question 15 of 113

1

What is the atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • Water

  • Outer space

  • Air surrounding our planet

Explanation

Question 16 of 113

1

What is the hydrosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • All land

  • All water

  • Everything but water

Explanation

Question 17 of 113

1

What is the biosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • Total of all the planet's biotic and abiotic components.

  • Total of all the planet's biotic components

  • Total of all the planet's abiotic components

  • Total of all the planet's water

Explanation

Question 18 of 113

1

Eutrophication is the process of nutrient over-enrichment.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 113

1

Chemistry does not play a central role in many environmental challenges.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 113

1

All material that has mass and occupies space is matter.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 113

1

Laws of Conservation of Matter

Select one or more of the following:

  • can be transformed

  • cannot be transformed

  • cannot be destroyed or created

  • stays constant as its recycled

Explanation

Question 22 of 113

1

An element is _.

Select one of the following:

  • a fundamental type of matter

  • a fundamental type of science

Explanation

Question 23 of 113

1

An element cannot be broken down into any other substances with other properties.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 113

1

Each element is composed of

Select one of the following:

  • atoms

  • three neutrons

  • element

Explanation

Question 25 of 113

1

An atom is the smallest component that maintains the chemical properties of the element.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 113

1

Each atom has a nucleus with

Select one or more of the following:

  • protons

  • neutrons

  • electrons

  • proteins

  • chemicals

Explanation

Question 27 of 113

1

An element will always have the same number of

Select one of the following:

  • protons

  • neutrons

  • electrons

  • nuclei

Explanation

Question 28 of 113

1

An element can have different numbers of neutrons or electrons.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 113

1

Isotopes _.

Select one or more of the following:

  • can have different numbers of neutrons

  • can have different numbers of electrons

  • can change its behavior

  • can be radioactive

  • cannot be radioactive

Explanation

Question 30 of 113

1

Ions are positively charged.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 31 of 113

1

Ions are atoms that can gain or lose

Select one of the following:

  • protons

  • nuclei

  • neutrons

  • electrons

Explanation

Question 32 of 113

1

A pH scale

Select one of the following:

  • measures oxygen

  • measures hydrogen

  • measures carbon

  • measures nitrogen

Explanation

Question 33 of 113

1

Hydrogen ions and whether they are acidic or basic is

Select one of the following:

  • counted on a balance

  • measured on a pH scale

  • measured on a pH ruler

  • oberserved

Explanation

Question 34 of 113

1

Molecules are _.

Select one of the following:

  • the combination of two or more atoms

  • the combination of two atoms

  • the combination of four of the same atoms

Explanation

Question 35 of 113

1

Molecules composed of two or more different elemets are called compounds.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 36 of 113

1

Organic compounds are

Select one of the following:

  • Carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

  • Hydrogen atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

  • Carbon atoms bonded to carbon atoms

  • Nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms

Explanation

Question 37 of 113

1

Polymers are long chains of repeated molecules.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 38 of 113

1

Hydrocarbons are

Select one of the following:

  • compounds of hydrogen and carbon

  • compounds of hydrogen and nitrogen

  • compounds of carbon and nitrogen

Explanation

Question 39 of 113

1

Macromolecules are

Select one of the following:

  • Large molecules

  • Small molecules

  • Medium molcules

  • Microscopic molecules

Explanation

Question 40 of 113

1

What are three essential macromolecules?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Carbohydrates

  • Nucleic acids

  • Lipids

  • Proteins

Explanation

Question 41 of 113

1

Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 42 of 113

1

Amino acids do not determine the identity of proteins.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 43 of 113

1

Amino acids

Select one or more of the following:

  • Store energy

  • Transport substances

  • Provide structural support

  • Produce tissue

Explanation

Question 44 of 113

1

Amino acids are the building blocks of life.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 45 of 113

1

Nucleic acid direct protein production.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 46 of 113

1

Nucleic acid carries

Select one of the following:

  • protein information

  • genetic information

  • mental information

  • carbohydrate information

Explanation

Question 47 of 113

1

What are the two types of nucleic acid?

Select one or more of the following:

  • DNA

  • RNA

  • RDNA

  • CNA

Explanation

Question 48 of 113

1

Carbohydrates are

Select one or more of the following:

  • simple sugars

  • complex sugars

  • simple proteins

  • nucleic acids

Explanation

Question 49 of 113

1

What are the two major types of energy?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Combustion energy

  • Potential energy

  • Wind energy

  • Kinetic energy

Explanation

Question 50 of 113

1

Potential energy is the energy of

Select one of the following:

  • position

  • chemicals

  • atoms

  • motion

Explanation

Question 51 of 113

1

Kinetic energy is the energy of

Select one of the following:

  • poisition

  • chemicals

  • wind

  • motion

Explanation

Question 52 of 113

1

Chemical energy is potential energy in the bonds of atoms.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 53 of 113

1

Why is it important to have energy?

Select one of the following:

  • To do anything

  • To run

  • To do nothing

Explanation

Question 54 of 113

1

In the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 55 of 113

1

In the Second Law of Thermodynamics,

Select one of the following:

  • the nature of energy will change from a more ordered state to a less ordered state

  • the nature of energy will change from a less ordered state to a more ordered state

Explanation

Question 56 of 113

1

The Earth's energy comes from the moon.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 57 of 113

1

Autotrophs are also know as consumers.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 58 of 113

1

Autotrophs are known as producers.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 59 of 113

1

Autotrophs

Select one of the following:

  • Use the sun's energy to produce their own food

  • Use the sun's energy to decompose

  • Do not use the sun's energy to produce their own food

Explanation

Question 60 of 113

1

Autotrophs

Select one of the following:

  • turn chemical energy into light energy

  • turn light energy into chemical energy

  • turn light energy into soil

  • turn chemical energy into wind energy

Explanation

Question 61 of 113

1

In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into sugars.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 62 of 113

1

The components of photosynthesis are

Select one or more of the following:

  • Carbon dioxide

  • Water

  • Shade

  • Sunlight

  • Soil

  • Sugar

  • Nitrogen

  • Oxygen

Explanation

Question 63 of 113

1

Heterotrophs can produce their own food.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 64 of 113

1

What are the components of cellular respiration?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Water

  • Energy

  • Carbon dioxide

  • Sunlight

  • Sugar

  • Oxygen

  • Monoxide

  • CO2

Explanation

Question 65 of 113

1

Energy is kept as heat in a one-way flow through the system.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 66 of 113

1

An ecosystem is all of the organisms and non-living entities in a particular area at the same time

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 67 of 113

1

Primary production is the

Select one of the following:

  • conversion of solar energy to sugars

  • conversion of sugars to solar energy

  • conversion or water to gas

  • conversion of solar energy to wind energy

Explanation

Question 68 of 113

1

Gross primary production is the

Select one of the following:

  • use of energy made by the heterotrophs themselves

  • use of energy made by the plants themselves

  • use of atoms made by the plants themselves

Explanation

Question 69 of 113

1

Net primary production is energy left over to put into biomass.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 70 of 113

1

All ecosystems produce biomass at the same rate.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 71 of 113

1

Elements and compounds are consumed and required for survival of organisms.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 72 of 113

1

Nitrogen has

Select one of the following:

  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons

  • 4 protons, 7 neutrons

  • 4 protons, 4 neutrons

Explanation

Question 73 of 113

1

Phosphorus has

Select one of the following:

  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons

  • 15 protons, 15 neutrons

  • 17 protons, 17 neutrons

Explanation

Question 74 of 113

1

Oxygen has

Select one of the following:

  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons

  • 7 protons, 8 neutrons

  • 8 protons, 8 neutrons

Explanation

Question 75 of 113

1

Carbon has

Select one of the following:

  • 7 protons, 6 neutrons

  • 6 protons, 6 neutrons

  • 6 protons, 7 neutrons

Explanation

Question 76 of 113

1

Carbon dioxide is a colorless gad used by plants for photosynthesis, given off by repiration, and released by burning fossil fuels.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 77 of 113

1

Ionic bonds are

Select one of the following:

  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between positively charged ions.

  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between negatively charged ions.

  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between neutrally charged ions.

Explanation

Question 78 of 113

1

A watershed is the entire area of a river from when a pipe drains into an ocean.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 79 of 113

1

Hypoxia is the condition of extremely low dissolved oxygen concentrations in a body of water.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 80 of 113

1

A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by atoms "sharing" electrons.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 81 of 113

1

What is a solution?

Select one of the following:

  • A mixture of substances in which elements, molecules, or compounds come together without chemically bonding.

  • A mixture of substances in which elements, molecules, or compounds come together with an ionic bond.

  • Plasma

Explanation

Question 82 of 113

1

Methane is a colorless gas produced primarily by anaerobic decomposition.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 83 of 113

1

The ozone

Select one or more of the following:

  • is a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms

  • absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere

  • absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere

  • is a molecule consisting of four oxygen atoms

Explanation

Question 84 of 113

1

What happens in biogeochemical cycles?

Select one of the following:

  • Nutrients cycle through the stratosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

  • Chemicals cycle through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

  • Nutrients cycle through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Explanation

Question 85 of 113

1

What is a flux?

Select one of the following:

  • Movement among ponds

  • Movement among reservoirs

  • Movement among oceans

Explanation

Question 86 of 113

1

A source is a reservoir that releases more nutrients than they accept

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 87 of 113

1

In a sink, the reservoir accepts more than it releases.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 88 of 113

1

What are the three forms of the hydrolytic cycle?

Select one or more of the following:

  • liquid

  • plasma

  • gas

  • solid

Explanation

Question 89 of 113

1

Water gets into the atmosphere only by evaporation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 90 of 113

1

What is transpiration?

Select one of the following:

  • Evaporation from plants

  • Evaporation from snow

  • Evaporation in general

Explanation

Question 91 of 113

1

Runoff is water flowing over land.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 92 of 113

1

Human have only impacted some aspects of the water cycle.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 93 of 113

1

How have we impacted the water cycle?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Overfilled water sources

  • Decreased evaporation

  • Depleted water sources

  • Reduced transpiration

  • Increased transpiration

  • Increased evaporation

Explanation

Question 94 of 113

1

Carbon is a part of every living thing.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 95 of 113

1

Producers pull _ from the atmosphere.

Select one of the following:

  • CO2

  • H2O

  • N

  • K

Explanation

Question 96 of 113

1

Producers put some CO2 back into the atmosphere.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 97 of 113

1

CO2 becomes incorporated into the tissues of _ and _.

Select one of the following:

  • plants, air

  • plants, insects

  • animals,insects

  • plants,animals

Explanation

Question 98 of 113

1

Settles into _ when organisms die.

Select one of the following:

  • Water

  • Sediment

  • Plants

Explanation

Question 99 of 113

1

What is the largest reservoir of carbon?

Select one of the following:

  • Water

  • Air

  • Plants

  • Soil

Explanation

Question 100 of 113

1

Putting too much CO2 into the air is a major climate change argument.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 101 of 113

1

Shifted from _ to atmosphere.

Select one of the following:

  • hydrosphere

  • lithosphere

  • stratosphere

Explanation

Question 102 of 113

1

Nitrogen makes up how much of our atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • 48%

  • 78%

  • 88%

  • 76%

Explanation

Question 103 of 113

1

Nitrogen is essential.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 104 of 113

1

Nitrogen needs what to help itself cycle.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Bacteria

  • Thunder

  • Lightning

  • Atoms

Explanation

Question 105 of 113

1

How many steps are in the nitrogen cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • 3

  • 2

  • 4

  • 6

Explanation

Question 106 of 113

1

Nitrogen has to be "fixed" before it can be used.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 107 of 113

1

Through what step of the nitrogen cycle do plants take up nitrates?

Select one of the following:

  • Deneitrification

  • Nitrification

  • Nitrogen fixation

Explanation

Question 108 of 113

1

How have humans impacted the nitrogen cycle?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Reduced plants

  • Reduced bacteria

  • Increased amount of nitrogen in soils and water through fertilizer.

  • Increased amount of nitrogen in soils and water through new plants.

Explanation

Question 109 of 113

1

Phosphorus is found in the atmosphere.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 110 of 113

1

The majority of phosphorus is found in

Select one of the following:

  • rocks

  • plants

  • animals

  • water

Explanation

Question 111 of 113

1

When rocks are weather, the phosphorus runs into the water and

Select one of the following:

  • settles into the sediment

  • settles into plants

  • settles into fish

  • is dissolved

Explanation

Question 112 of 113

1

Plants do not take up phosphorus.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 113 of 113

1

How have humans impacted the phosphorus cycle?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Mined rocks

  • Put phosphorus in fertilizers

  • Taken phosphorus out of fertilizers

  • Detergents

Explanation

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