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Quiz on Chapter 10 Ventilation (1-20), created by matthew.anselmo on 09/09/2015.

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Chapter 10 Ventilation (1-20)

Chapter 10 Ventilation (1-20)

Question 1 of 20

1

What is the primary function of the lungs?

Select one of the following:

  • convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II

  • filter pulmonary blood

  • gas exchange

  • remove carbon monoxide (CO)

Explanation

Question 2 of 20

1

During each cycle of normal resting ventilation, a volume of gas is moved into and out of the respiratory tract. This cyclical volume is called the:

Select one of the following:

  • residual volume (RV)

  • tidal volume (VT)

  • inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

  • vital capacity (VC)

Explanation

Question 3 of 20

1

Which of the following pressures vary throughout the normal breathing cycle?

Select one or more of the following:

  • pleural pressure (Ppl

  • mouth pressure (Pao)

  • body surface pressure (Pbs)

  • alveolar pressure (Palv)

Explanation

Question 4 of 20

1

Which of the following pressures normally remains negative (relative to atmospheric pressure) during quiet breathing?

Select one of the following:

  • Pbs

  • Pao

  • Ppl

  • Palv

Explanation

Question 5 of 20

1

Which of the following pressure gradients is responsible for the actual flow of gas into and out of the lungs during breathing?

Select one of the following:

  • transthoracic pressure gradient (Ppl – Pbs)

  • transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv – Pao)

  • transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv – Ppl)

  • transcanadian pressure gradient (Ppc – Pks)

Explanation

Question 6 of 20

1

Which of the following pressure gradients is responsible for maintaining alveolar inflation?

Select one of the following:

  • transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv – Pao)

  • transcanadian pressure gradient (Pca – Pks)

  • transthoracic pressure gradient (Ppl –Pbs)

  • transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv – Ppl)

Explanation

Question 7 of 20

1

Which of the following statements about alveolar pressure (Palv) during normal quiet breathing is true?

Select one of the following:

  • It always remains less than atmospheric pressure.

  • It is negative during inspiration and positive during expiration.

  • It is the same as intrapleural pressure (Ppl).

  • It is positive during inspiration and negative during expiration.

Explanation

Question 8 of 20

1

What happens during normal inspiration?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Palv drops below that at the airway opening.

  • The transpulmonary pressure gradient widens.

  • The Ppl decreases further below atmospheric.

Explanation

Question 9 of 20

1

During normal tidal ventilation, the transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv – Ppl) reaches its maximum value at what point in the cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • mid-expiration

  • end-inspiration

  • end-expiration

  • mid-inspiration

Explanation

Question 10 of 20

1

During expiration, why does gas flow out from the lungs to the atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • Airway pressure is greater than Palv.

  • Palv is greater than at the airway opening.

  • Palv is the same as at the airway opening

  • Palv is less than at the airway opening.

Explanation

Question 11 of 20

1

What forces must be overcome to move air into the respiratory system?

Select one or more of the following:

  • surface tension forces

  • airway resistance

  • elastic forces of lung tissue

  • tissue movement

Explanation

Question 12 of 20

1

What term is used to note the difference between inspiratory lung volume and expiratory lung volume at any given pressure?

Select one of the following:

  • transpulmonary pressures

  • pleural pressure variance

  • hysteresis

  • alveolar aphasia

Explanation

Question 13 of 20

1

What is the effect of surface tension forces in the air-filled lung?

Select one or more of the following:

  • It decreases the lung's elasticity as volume increases

  • It makes the lung harder to inflate than if it were filled with fluid

  • It increases the elastic recoil of the lung (promoting collapse).

Explanation

Question 14 of 20

1

The presence of surfactant in the alveoli tends to do which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • increase resistance

  • increase elastance

  • decrease surface tension

  • decrease compliance

Explanation

Question 15 of 20

1

How is compliance computed?

Select one of the following:

  • change in volume/change in pressure

  • change in volume/change in flow

  • change in pressure/change in volume

  • change in pressure/change in flow

Explanation

Question 16 of 20

1

Normal lung compliance is approximately which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • 10.00 L/cm H2O

  • 2.00 L/cm H2O

  • 0.20 L/cm H2O

  • 0.01 L/cm H2O

Explanation

Question 17 of 20

1

A lung that loses elastic fibers (as in emphysema) would exhibit which of the following characteristics?

Select one of the following:

  • increased pulmonary compliance

  • increased airway resistance

  • decreased pulmonary vascular resistance

  • decreased airways resistance

Explanation

Question 18 of 20

1

A fibrotic lung would exhibit which of the following characteristics?

Select one of the following:

  • decreased surface tension

  • decreased PVR

  • decreased lung compliance

  • decreased airway resistance

Explanation

Question 19 of 20

1

What occurs at a lung volume equivalent to the functional residual capacity (FRC)?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Opposing chest-wall-lung forces generate negative Ppl.

  • Chest wall expansion is offset by lung contraction.

  • The forces of the chest wall and lungs are in balance.

Explanation

Question 20 of 20

1

At approximately what point during a maximum inspiration does the chest wall reach its natural resting level?

Select one of the following:

  • about 90% of the VC

  • about 70% of the VC

  • about 40% of the total lung capacity (TLC)

  • about 30% of the VC

Explanation

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