Chronoscope
-Immediate perception vs. awareness of perception
-Measurable difference

"Obedience to Authority" Experiment

Ethics/role of IRBs and informed consent
-minimal risk for participants
-confidentiality
-IRB: group evaluation of research programs; consideration of ethics, legality, and funding

Validity
-Results match "reality" or "truth"

Internal: Results can be interpreted accurately and confidently

External: Results can be applied to other populations

Threats:

Reliability
-Consistency of results over repeated trials

Internal: Results are similar with different data, anylasis, and interpertation

External: Results are the same with other populations, can be repeated

Randomization

Important because: generalize findings

When used?

Achieved how?

Descriptive research methods

Case Study: -studying one person -strength=comprehensive, detailed in depth, change over time -weakness=can't externalize results

Survey: -describes, compares, & relates variables of populations by administering "survey"

Naturalistic Observation

Correctional Coefficient

How do we interpret "r"? positive "r" means both variables increase while a negative "r" means one decreases while the other increases

Data plotting and graph interpretation:

Definition of an experiment:

different from correlation: "affects/effects", causation not just correlating information

Independent variable: Manipulated in experiment

Dependent variable: a measurable variable that demonstrates cause & effect

Operationalizing (defining) variables:

Interpreting data-the "effect of x"

Types of experiments

Post-Test only control group design: RG1 x O1 RG2 -- O2 (control)

Pre-Test--Post-Test control group design: RG1 O1xO2 RG2 O3--O4 (control)

Solomon Four Group design: RG1 O1xO2 RG2 O3--O4 RG3-- x O5 RG4-- --O6

The dual processing functions of our brains

Right hemisphere: Images/pictures, sensory input, present, euphoria/nirvana/peace

Left hemisphere: Categorizes information based on past & predicts future, linear, spacial awareness, I, language

Serial processing: Left, information processed linearly, cannot do everything at once

Parallel processing: Right, multiple parallel tracks processing, neural activity proceeds consciousness, brainwaves faster than perception

Selective attention/blindness: 11,000,000 bits of info per second but we only process 40, "cocktail party effect", blindness to visual stimuli

The five sleep stages

NREM-1: short stage, hallucinations, sensory experiences

NREM-2: 20 min, deeper sleep, burst of brain activity

Transition (grouped with stage 4): transition to deeper sleep

NREM-3: deep sleep, delta waves, night terrors, sleep walking/talking

REM sleep: after 1 hr of sleep, rise in heart rate, rapid eye movement, story-like dreams, difficult to awaken, about 10 minutes per episode

The typical sleep cycle; circadian rhythms: 90 minute cycles, 3-4 diminish and REM increases. CR=body clock

The importance of REM sleep: Repair, process day, etc...

Sleep disorders

Sleep Debt: not enough sleep

Insomnia: cant fall asleep/stay asleep

Night Terrors: stage 4, screaming, no memory upon waking. usually affects children

Theories regarding the role of dreams:

Preserve neural pathway-stimulation to brain

Cognitive development & function- lack of REM inhibits performance

Activation Synthesis- brain making sense of random images generated during sleep

Process & store memories - brain scans show memory activated during REM sleep

Freud: dream interpertation, wish fulfillment, manifest content v. latent content

Theories regarding hypnosis:

Social phenomenon - "role playing" being a "hypnotized subject

A divorced consciousness - pain therapy

Age regression - highly suspect

Theories of addiction

Psychological: Drugs as cure for stress & other discomfort, self medicating for depression/sleep disorder/etc., hobby

Biological: Genetics -identical twins, biological parent in adoptive situation, addiction genes, epigenetic (sp?)

Social: Peer pressure, rewards system

Role of Antagonist: Binds at receptor and blocks neurotransmitter

Role of Agonist: Binds at receptor and replaces neurotransmitter

	Created by Individual about 9 years ago

Note on Psych Test 1, created by Individual on 10/09/2015.

Psych Test 1