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Steps for Resolving the Causality Problem
rival causal factors
spurious relationship
internal validity
external validity
history
maturation
testing (pretest bias)
instrumentation
statistical regression
selection bias
experimental mortality
selection-maturation interaction
testing effects
reactivity
multiple-treatment interference
Hawthorne Effect
halo-effect
post hoc error
placebo effect
double-blind experiment
research designs
experimental designs
Quasi-experimental designs
preexperimental designs
classical experimental design
equivalence
randomization
matching
pretest
post test
experimental group
control group
dualistic fallacy
time-series designs
